Chin J Plant Ecol ›› 2013, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (7): 641-649.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00066
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TIAN Run-Wei1,LU Jia-Hui1,2,3,*(),LI Xue-Yu3,YU Ying1,XIE Liang-Bi1,QIN Zhong-Li1
Received:
2013-01-16
Accepted:
2013-05-14
Online:
2013-01-16
Published:
2013-07-05
Contact:
LU Jia-Hui
TIAN Run-Wei,LU Jia-Hui,LI Xue-Yu,YU Ying,XIE Liang-Bi,QIN Zhong-Li. Diadelphous stamens in Glycyrrhiza glabra: their development and adaptive significance[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2013, 37(7): 641-649.
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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00066
Fig. 1 Different flowering stages of Glycyrrhiza glabra. A, Stamens on five different developmental stages. B, No loose powder stamens. C, Peel and flattened form of no loose powder stamens (L, longer stamens; S, shorter stamens; 1, longer stamens; 2, 3, shorter stamens). D, Loose powder stamens (1, longer stamens; 2, 3, shorter stamens). E, Peel and flattened form of loose powder stamens (1, longer stamens; 2, 3, shorter stamens).
雄蕊特征 Stamen attributes | 花药宽度 Anther width | 花药长度 Anther length | 雄蕊长度 Stamen length | |
---|---|---|---|---|
第1时期 Stage 1 | 长雄蕊 Longer stamen | 0.39 ± 0.02 | 0.74 ± 0.05 | 2.16 ± 0.12 |
短雄蕊 Shorter stamen | 0.35 ± 0.02 | 0.49 ± 0.02 | 1.52 ± 0.12 | |
t检验 t-test | 4.18* | 14.12 | 11.95** | |
第2时期 Stage 2 | 长雄蕊 Longer stamen | 0.45 ± 0.03 | 0.81 ± 0.08 | 2.66 ± 0.24 |
短雄蕊 Shorter stamen | 0.41 ± 0.03 | 0.52 ± 0.03 | 1.99 ± 0.21 | |
t检验 t-test | 3.70** | 10.80** | 6.53** | |
第3时期 Stage 3 | 长雄蕊 Longer stamen | 0.46 ± 0.03 | 0.74 ± 0.10 | 3.90 ± 0.41 |
短雄蕊 Shorter stamen | 0.41 ± 0.03 | 0.55 ± 0.06 | 3.23 ± 0.43 | |
t检验 t-test | 3.79** | 5.08** | 3.55** | |
第4时期 Stage 4 | 长雄蕊 Longer stamen | 0.22 ± 0.03 | 0.40 ± 0.04 | 5.23 ± 0.47 |
短雄蕊 Shorter stamen | 0.21 ± 0.02 | 0.32 ± 0.05 | 4.87 ± 0.53 | |
t检验 t-test | 0.59 | 4.23** | 1.63 | |
第5时期 Stage 5 | 长雄蕊 Longer stamen | 0.21 ± 0.03 | 0.39 ± 0.05 | 5.48 ± 0.46 |
短雄蕊 Shorter stamen | 0.19 ± 0.02 | 0.31 ± 0.04 | 5.44 ± 0.33 | |
t检验 t-test | 1.04 | 4.37** | 0.25 |
Table 1 Longer and shorter stamens’ attributes of Glycyrrhiza glabra (mm) (mean ± SD)
雄蕊特征 Stamen attributes | 花药宽度 Anther width | 花药长度 Anther length | 雄蕊长度 Stamen length | |
---|---|---|---|---|
第1时期 Stage 1 | 长雄蕊 Longer stamen | 0.39 ± 0.02 | 0.74 ± 0.05 | 2.16 ± 0.12 |
短雄蕊 Shorter stamen | 0.35 ± 0.02 | 0.49 ± 0.02 | 1.52 ± 0.12 | |
t检验 t-test | 4.18* | 14.12 | 11.95** | |
第2时期 Stage 2 | 长雄蕊 Longer stamen | 0.45 ± 0.03 | 0.81 ± 0.08 | 2.66 ± 0.24 |
短雄蕊 Shorter stamen | 0.41 ± 0.03 | 0.52 ± 0.03 | 1.99 ± 0.21 | |
t检验 t-test | 3.70** | 10.80** | 6.53** | |
第3时期 Stage 3 | 长雄蕊 Longer stamen | 0.46 ± 0.03 | 0.74 ± 0.10 | 3.90 ± 0.41 |
短雄蕊 Shorter stamen | 0.41 ± 0.03 | 0.55 ± 0.06 | 3.23 ± 0.43 | |
t检验 t-test | 3.79** | 5.08** | 3.55** | |
第4时期 Stage 4 | 长雄蕊 Longer stamen | 0.22 ± 0.03 | 0.40 ± 0.04 | 5.23 ± 0.47 |
短雄蕊 Shorter stamen | 0.21 ± 0.02 | 0.32 ± 0.05 | 4.87 ± 0.53 | |
t检验 t-test | 0.59 | 4.23** | 1.63 | |
第5时期 Stage 5 | 长雄蕊 Longer stamen | 0.21 ± 0.03 | 0.39 ± 0.05 | 5.48 ± 0.46 |
短雄蕊 Shorter stamen | 0.19 ± 0.02 | 0.31 ± 0.04 | 5.44 ± 0.33 | |
t检验 t-test | 1.04 | 4.37** | 0.25 |
Fig. 2 Morphology of pollen grains in longer/shorter stamen under scanning electron microscopy and histochemical staining of Glycyrrhiza glabra. A, B, Equatorial view of pollen grains from longer and shorter stamens. C, D, Surface ornamentation of pollen grains from longer and shorter stamens. E, F, I2-KI staining of longer and shorter stamens pollen grains. G, H, Sudan III staining of longer and shorter stamens pollen grains.
Fig. 3 Changes of pollen viability of Glycyrrhiza glabra in different developmental stages of flower and on the first day of anthesis (mean ± SD). A, Viability of pollen in different developmental stages of flower (1-5, five developmental stages of flower; 6, second day of anthesis; 7, third day of anthesis). B, Viability of pollen on the first day of anthesis.
处理 Treatment | 处理花朵数(结实花朵数) No. of treatment flowers (fruit flowers) | 结实率 Seed set (%) |
---|---|---|
对照 Control | 72 (31) | 43.06 ± 0.50b |
长雄蕊花药花粉自交 Experimentally selfed by pollen of longer stamen | 34 (1) | 2.94 ± 0.17a |
短雄蕊花药花粉自交 Experimentally selfed by pollen of shorter stamen | 36 (0) | 0.00 ± 0.00a |
两种雄蕊花药花粉混合自交 Experimentally selfed by two styles of stamen pollen of mixture | 52 (1) | 1.92 ± 0.14a |
长雄蕊花药花粉异交 Experimentally out-crossed by pollen of longer stamen | 30 (3) | 10.00 ± 0.31a |
短雄蕊花药花粉异交 Experimentally out-crossed by pollen of shorter stamen | 35 (4) | 11.43 ± 0.32a |
两种雄蕊花药花粉混合异交 Experimentally out-crossed by two styles of stamen pollen of mixture | 34 (18) | 52.94 ± 0.51b |
Table 2 Results of artifical pollination experiments in Glycyrrhiza glabra
处理 Treatment | 处理花朵数(结实花朵数) No. of treatment flowers (fruit flowers) | 结实率 Seed set (%) |
---|---|---|
对照 Control | 72 (31) | 43.06 ± 0.50b |
长雄蕊花药花粉自交 Experimentally selfed by pollen of longer stamen | 34 (1) | 2.94 ± 0.17a |
短雄蕊花药花粉自交 Experimentally selfed by pollen of shorter stamen | 36 (0) | 0.00 ± 0.00a |
两种雄蕊花药花粉混合自交 Experimentally selfed by two styles of stamen pollen of mixture | 52 (1) | 1.92 ± 0.14a |
长雄蕊花药花粉异交 Experimentally out-crossed by pollen of longer stamen | 30 (3) | 10.00 ± 0.31a |
短雄蕊花药花粉异交 Experimentally out-crossed by pollen of shorter stamen | 35 (4) | 11.43 ± 0.32a |
两种雄蕊花药花粉混合异交 Experimentally out-crossed by two styles of stamen pollen of mixture | 34 (18) | 52.94 ± 0.51b |
处理 Treatment | 处理花朵数 No. of treatment flowers | 结实数 No. of seed | 结实率 Seed set (%) |
---|---|---|---|
去长雄蕊 Removing longer stamen | 40 | 22 | 55.00 ± 0.51ab |
去短雄蕊 Removing shorter stamen | 42 | 30 | 71.43 ± 0.46a |
去全部雄蕊 Removing all of stamens | 42 | 30 | 71.43 ± 0.46a |
对照 Control | 72 | 31 | 43.06 ± 0.50b |
Table 3 Seed sets of Glycyrrhiza glabra under different treatments
处理 Treatment | 处理花朵数 No. of treatment flowers | 结实数 No. of seed | 结实率 Seed set (%) |
---|---|---|---|
去长雄蕊 Removing longer stamen | 40 | 22 | 55.00 ± 0.51ab |
去短雄蕊 Removing shorter stamen | 42 | 30 | 71.43 ± 0.46a |
去全部雄蕊 Removing all of stamens | 42 | 30 | 71.43 ± 0.46a |
对照 Control | 72 | 31 | 43.06 ± 0.50b |
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