Variability and association of leaf traits between current-year and former-year leaves in evergreen trees in Tiantong, Zhejiang, China

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00094

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Variation in leaf traits with changing leaf age denotes plant life history strategy and reflects biomass allocation pattern in plant leaves. Our objective was to explore variability and correlation of leaf traits between current-year and former-year leaves for evergreen broad-leaved trees, in order to reveal effects of leaf age on the pattern of construction and cost during development of leaf area.
Methods Our one hectare study site is located in Tiantong National Forest Park (29°52′ N, 121°39′ E), Zhejiang Province. Three key functional traits (mean leaf area (MLA), specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf dry matter content (LDMC)) in each of current-year leaves and former-year leaves were measured for 2277 evergreen trees belonging to 41 species. Variability and correlations for each of three leaf traits were compared between current-year and former-year leaves at both individual and species levels.
Important findings At both individual and species levels, variability coefficients (i.e., CV) were highest in MLA (individual: 79.5%; species: 66.5%), intermediate in SLA (individual: 28.1%; species: 24.7%) and lowest in LDMC (individual: 17.0%; species: 14.1%). Variability coefficients among the three leaf traits were greater in current-year leaves than in former-year leaves. Former-year leaves had significantly greater MLA (t = -38.53, p < 0.001) and LDMC (t = -9.71, p < 0.001), but lower SLA (t = 45.30, p < 0.001) than current-year leaves. At the individual level, the values for MLA, SLA and LDMC in current-year leaves explained 86%, 48% and 41% of the total variation for MLA, SLA and LDMC in former-year leaves. More significantly, at the species level 97%, 83% and 85% of the total variation in each of MLA, SLA and LDMC for former-year leaves resulted from variability of MLA, SLA and LDMC from current-year leaves. Variation in SLA between differently aged leaves demonstrated that, at a given unit investment of biomass, a relatively larger leaf area can be structured by current-year leaves than by former-year leaves, thus having a low cost in constructing leaf area for current-year leaves. In conclusion, plant leaf traits vary and connect significantly with change of leaf age. Trade-offs between biomass construction and cost in leaf area production might affect plant leaf development.

Key words: leaf age, leaf construction cost, leaf dry mass content, mean leaf area, resource allocation strategy, specific leaf area

HUANG Hai-Xia,YANG Xiao-Dong,SUN Bao-Wei,ZHANG Zhi-Hao,YAN En-Rong. Variability and association of leaf traits between current-year and former-year leaves in evergreen trees in Tiantong, Zhejiang, China[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2013, 37(10): 912-921.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00094

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2013/V37/I10/912

Figures/Tables 3

References 44

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物种 Species	多度 Abundance	当年生叶片MLA MLA of current- year leaves (cm²)	往年生叶片MLA MLA of former-year leaves (cm²)	当年生叶片SLA SLA of current-year leaves (m²·kg^-1)	往年生叶片SLA SLA of former-year leaves (m²·kg^-1)	当年生叶片LDMC LDMC of current- year leaves (mg·g^-1)	往年生叶片LDMC LDMC of former-year leaves (mg·g^-1)
豹皮樟 Litsea coreana var. sinensis	17	11.3 ± 3.6	13.4 ± 3.5	12.7 ± 3.4	10.9 ± 1.9	450.6 ± 75.2	451.0 ± 57.2
红楠 Machilus thunbergii	52	15.2 ± 5.0	20.0 ± 4.4	10.4 ± 1.9	9.0 ± 1.4	430.8 ± 56.6	422.4 ± 43.6
薄叶润楠 Machilus leptophylla	59	60.1 ± 21.5	80.8 ± 25.0	15.6 ± 2.6	13.5 ± 3.6	310.4 ± 38.6	339.7 ± 46.9
黄丹木姜子 Litsea elongata	746	19.5 ± 6.9	25.2 ± 7.0	14.4 ± 2.5	11.8 ± 1.8	431.0 ± 53.2	441.2 ± 46.9
香桂 Cinnamomum subavenium	42	15.4 ± 4.2	19.9 ± 5.5	12.3 ± 2.8	10.1 ± 1.6	424.8 ± 60.2	451.1 ± 48.8
浙江新木姜子 Neolitsea aurata var. chekiangensis	88	13.3 ± 3.3	17.1 ± 4.1	13.2 ± 2.5	11.3 ± 2.6	478.6 ± 56.0	492.5 ± 49.5
薄叶山矾 Symplocos anomala	25	10.9 ± 3.1	13.1 ± 1.8	14.9 ± 3.1	12.1 ± 1.8	338.6 ± 32.9	339.8 ± 31.6
光叶山矾 Symplocos lancifolia	29	8.4 ± 2.7	11.0 ± 2.5	24.1 ± 7.5	18.1 ± 3.1	392.1 ± 118.7	323.9 ± 61.9
总状山矾 Symplocos botryantha	1	14.6	15.4	11.4	10.7	360.8	321.0
黄牛奶树 Symplocos laurina	4	17.4 ± 4.7	21.0 ± 7.9	14.8 ± 4.6	12.6 ± 4.9	314.1 ± 29.6	310.9 ± 45.3
老鼠矢 Symplocos stellaris	4	24.8 ± 8.6	33.2 ± 5.1	9.7 ± 1.4	8.2 ± 1.4	348.0 ± 60.2	331.2 ± 16.0
山矾 Symplocos sumuntia	40	9.0 ± 3.3	11.6 ± 2.3	13.4 ± 2.6	10.7 ± 1.3	319.7 ± 49.2	333.2 ± 34.4
四川山矾 Symplocos setchuensis	17	16.6 ± 5.3	22.8 ± 5.6	11.5 ± 2.7	8.4 ± 1.3	380.2 ± 52.4	382.1 ± 21.9
港柯 Lithocarpus harlandii	43	38.0 ± 13.7	54.9 ± 18.9	9.4 ± 2.2	8.5 ± 1.9	436.3 ± 77.2	443.0 ± 54.9
赤皮青冈 Cyclobalanopsis gilva	4	12.4 ± 1.0	17.2 ± 2.6	12.8 ± 3.5	10.2 ± 1.6	476.8 ± 21.7	465.8 ± 17.7
栲树 Castanopsis fargesii	23	15.1 ± 4.1	22.1 ± 7.8	11.4 ± 3.2	10.0 ± 2.1	427.9 ± 78.5	422.1 ± 43.9
米槠 Castanopsis carlesii	2	10.4 ± 1.9	13.9 ± 1.8	11.5 ± 1.2	12.7 ± 0.0	435.5 ± 11.8	454.8 ± 2.3
青冈 Cyclobalanopsis glauca	2	17.6 ± 1.2	27.0 ± 3.9	9.5 ± 1.1	9.1 ± 1.5	459.2 ± 57.2	441.9 ± 37.8
细叶青冈 Cyclobalanopsis gracilis	2	15.5 ± 12.5	21.1 ± 7.7	11.5 ± 0.4	11.6 ± 0.0	422.7 ± 43.8	467.6 ± 37.4
小叶青冈 Cyclobalanopsis myrsinifolia	12	13.0 ± 2.5	17.3 ± 4.6	12.6 ± 1.5	10.4 ± 1.3	451.1 ± 18.7	448.4 ± 32.0
格药柃 Eurya muricata	27	13.5 ± 4.1	18.2 ± 5.2	10.2 ± 3.4	8.4 ± 2.4	359.7 ± 54.0	372.0 ± 52.6
毛柄连蕊茶 Camellia fraterna	285	5.5 ± 1.8	7.3 ± 1.8	14.8 ± 3.1	11.7 ± 1.9	360.9 ± 64.0	378.8 ± 59.3
木荷 Schima superba	17	29.5 ± 10.2	36.8 ± 12.2	10.3 ± 2.0	9.2 ± 2.1	409.6 ± 51.6	404.3 ± 51.2
细枝柃 Eurya loquaiana	494	6.8 ± 2.2	9.9 ± 2.1	18.4 ± 3.8	14.3 ± 2.1	349.0 ± 60.0	372.1 ± 57.4
窄基红褐柃 Eurya rubiginosa	19	12.0 ± 4.4	16.6 ± 3.8	13.6 ± 3.2	10.1 ± 1.41	320.5 ± 37.0	362.9 ± 30.1
杨桐 Cleyera japonica	44	18.1 ± 5.6	25.3 ± 6.5	10.4 ± 2.2	9.0 ± 1.5	353.3 ± 48.3	366.6 ± 36.4
短梗冬青 Ilex buergeri	14	8.6 ± 2.4	10.4 ± 3.3	14.1 ± 3.2	11.1 ± 1.7	396.7 ± 33.6	411.4 ± 38.7
铁冬青 Ilex rotunda	1	12.4	15.9	17.8	13.0	283.1	312.6
光叶石楠 Photinia glabra	7	9.67 ± 5.2	14.3 ± 4.7	11.9 ± 6.1	10.5 ± 5.8	393.9 ± 144.3	436.3 ± 70.2
腺叶桂樱 Laurocerasus phaeosticta	53	10.8 ± 3.0	13.7 ± 3.8	18.4 ± 3.3	14.7 ± 2.3	352.2 ± 43.2	366.4 ± 41.0
马银花 Rhododendron ovatum	1	8.8	9.9	14.4	12.3	396.8	408.6
江南越桔 Vaccinium mandarinorum	2	7.9 ± 1.7	11.8 ± 2.9	19.9 ± 11.9	12.5 ± 2.1	302.9 ± 130.7	359.6 ± 44.5
檵木 Loropetalum chinense	3	5.6 ± 2.1	6.5 ± 0.3	17.2 ± 4.2	15.3 ± 2.6	382.8 ± 47.0	373.5 ± 30.4
杨梅叶蚊母树 Distylium myricoides	25	10.3 ± 4.2	14.3 ± 3.7	8.6 ± 1.6	7.8 ± 1.2	430.3 ± 30.4	445.2 ± 36.7
木犀 Osmanthus fragrans	5	24.9 ± 5.2	35.5 ± 4.5	10.1 ± 1.1	8.6 ± 0.4	458.1 ± 27.6	404.2 ± 11.7
宁波木犀 Osmanthus cooperi	7	20.9 ± 6.8	30.9 ± 6.1	9.4 ± 01.0	8.6 ± 0.9	447.8 ± 42.8	438.6 ± 21.1
赤楠 Syzygium buxifolium	2	6.1 ± 1.3	6.1 ± 0.9	13.0 ± 1.6	11.4 ± 2.3	371.7 ± 17.4	407.2 ± 42.2
虎皮楠 Daphniphyllum oldhami	3	19.0 ± 8.1	32.5 ± 9.7	15.7 ± 2.4	12.7 ± 1.6	301.5 ± 23.7	308.5 ± 2.6
披针叶茴香 Illicium lanceolatum	51	13.4 ± 4.5	17.7 ± 4.3	12.5 ± 3.0	9.7 ± 1.6	296.8 ± 54.9	314.3 ± 54.4
杨梅 Myrica rubra	4	18.4 ± 2.3	28.6 ± 8.6	17.2 ± 0.8	13.8 ± 1.1	370.6 ± 28.2	410.4 ± 34.7
厚壳树 Ehretia thyrsiflora	1	15.4	11.8	13.5	10.1	303.6	376.4
全部 Total	2 277	15.5 ± 10.5	21.0 ± 13.7	13.4 ± 3.3	11.1 ± 2.2	382.8 ± 57.3	395.8 ± 51.4

物种 Species	多度 Abundance	当年生叶片MLA MLA of current- year leaves (cm²)	往年生叶片MLA MLA of former-year leaves (cm²)	当年生叶片SLA SLA of current-year leaves (m²·kg^-1)	往年生叶片SLA SLA of former-year leaves (m²·kg^-1)	当年生叶片LDMC LDMC of current- year leaves (mg·g^-1)	往年生叶片LDMC LDMC of former-year leaves (mg·g^-1)
豹皮樟 Litsea coreana var. sinensis	17	11.3 ± 3.6	13.4 ± 3.5	12.7 ± 3.4	10.9 ± 1.9	450.6 ± 75.2	451.0 ± 57.2
红楠 Machilus thunbergii	52	15.2 ± 5.0	20.0 ± 4.4	10.4 ± 1.9	9.0 ± 1.4	430.8 ± 56.6	422.4 ± 43.6
薄叶润楠 Machilus leptophylla	59	60.1 ± 21.5	80.8 ± 25.0	15.6 ± 2.6	13.5 ± 3.6	310.4 ± 38.6	339.7 ± 46.9
黄丹木姜子 Litsea elongata	746	19.5 ± 6.9	25.2 ± 7.0	14.4 ± 2.5	11.8 ± 1.8	431.0 ± 53.2	441.2 ± 46.9
香桂 Cinnamomum subavenium	42	15.4 ± 4.2	19.9 ± 5.5	12.3 ± 2.8	10.1 ± 1.6	424.8 ± 60.2	451.1 ± 48.8
浙江新木姜子 Neolitsea aurata var. chekiangensis	88	13.3 ± 3.3	17.1 ± 4.1	13.2 ± 2.5	11.3 ± 2.6	478.6 ± 56.0	492.5 ± 49.5
薄叶山矾 Symplocos anomala	25	10.9 ± 3.1	13.1 ± 1.8	14.9 ± 3.1	12.1 ± 1.8	338.6 ± 32.9	339.8 ± 31.6
光叶山矾 Symplocos lancifolia	29	8.4 ± 2.7	11.0 ± 2.5	24.1 ± 7.5	18.1 ± 3.1	392.1 ± 118.7	323.9 ± 61.9
总状山矾 Symplocos botryantha	1	14.6	15.4	11.4	10.7	360.8	321.0
黄牛奶树 Symplocos laurina	4	17.4 ± 4.7	21.0 ± 7.9	14.8 ± 4.6	12.6 ± 4.9	314.1 ± 29.6	310.9 ± 45.3
老鼠矢 Symplocos stellaris	4	24.8 ± 8.6	33.2 ± 5.1	9.7 ± 1.4	8.2 ± 1.4	348.0 ± 60.2	331.2 ± 16.0
山矾 Symplocos sumuntia	40	9.0 ± 3.3	11.6 ± 2.3	13.4 ± 2.6	10.7 ± 1.3	319.7 ± 49.2	333.2 ± 34.4
四川山矾 Symplocos setchuensis	17	16.6 ± 5.3	22.8 ± 5.6	11.5 ± 2.7	8.4 ± 1.3	380.2 ± 52.4	382.1 ± 21.9
港柯 Lithocarpus harlandii	43	38.0 ± 13.7	54.9 ± 18.9	9.4 ± 2.2	8.5 ± 1.9	436.3 ± 77.2	443.0 ± 54.9
赤皮青冈 Cyclobalanopsis gilva	4	12.4 ± 1.0	17.2 ± 2.6	12.8 ± 3.5	10.2 ± 1.6	476.8 ± 21.7	465.8 ± 17.7
栲树 Castanopsis fargesii	23	15.1 ± 4.1	22.1 ± 7.8	11.4 ± 3.2	10.0 ± 2.1	427.9 ± 78.5	422.1 ± 43.9
米槠 Castanopsis carlesii	2	10.4 ± 1.9	13.9 ± 1.8	11.5 ± 1.2	12.7 ± 0.0	435.5 ± 11.8	454.8 ± 2.3
青冈 Cyclobalanopsis glauca	2	17.6 ± 1.2	27.0 ± 3.9	9.5 ± 1.1	9.1 ± 1.5	459.2 ± 57.2	441.9 ± 37.8
细叶青冈 Cyclobalanopsis gracilis	2	15.5 ± 12.5	21.1 ± 7.7	11.5 ± 0.4	11.6 ± 0.0	422.7 ± 43.8	467.6 ± 37.4
小叶青冈 Cyclobalanopsis myrsinifolia	12	13.0 ± 2.5	17.3 ± 4.6	12.6 ± 1.5	10.4 ± 1.3	451.1 ± 18.7	448.4 ± 32.0
格药柃 Eurya muricata	27	13.5 ± 4.1	18.2 ± 5.2	10.2 ± 3.4	8.4 ± 2.4	359.7 ± 54.0	372.0 ± 52.6
毛柄连蕊茶 Camellia fraterna	285	5.5 ± 1.8	7.3 ± 1.8	14.8 ± 3.1	11.7 ± 1.9	360.9 ± 64.0	378.8 ± 59.3
木荷 Schima superba	17	29.5 ± 10.2	36.8 ± 12.2	10.3 ± 2.0	9.2 ± 2.1	409.6 ± 51.6	404.3 ± 51.2
细枝柃 Eurya loquaiana	494	6.8 ± 2.2	9.9 ± 2.1	18.4 ± 3.8	14.3 ± 2.1	349.0 ± 60.0	372.1 ± 57.4
窄基红褐柃 Eurya rubiginosa	19	12.0 ± 4.4	16.6 ± 3.8	13.6 ± 3.2	10.1 ± 1.41	320.5 ± 37.0	362.9 ± 30.1
杨桐 Cleyera japonica	44	18.1 ± 5.6	25.3 ± 6.5	10.4 ± 2.2	9.0 ± 1.5	353.3 ± 48.3	366.6 ± 36.4
短梗冬青 Ilex buergeri	14	8.6 ± 2.4	10.4 ± 3.3	14.1 ± 3.2	11.1 ± 1.7	396.7 ± 33.6	411.4 ± 38.7
铁冬青 Ilex rotunda	1	12.4	15.9	17.8	13.0	283.1	312.6
光叶石楠 Photinia glabra	7	9.67 ± 5.2	14.3 ± 4.7	11.9 ± 6.1	10.5 ± 5.8	393.9 ± 144.3	436.3 ± 70.2
腺叶桂樱 Laurocerasus phaeosticta	53	10.8 ± 3.0	13.7 ± 3.8	18.4 ± 3.3	14.7 ± 2.3	352.2 ± 43.2	366.4 ± 41.0
马银花 Rhododendron ovatum	1	8.8	9.9	14.4	12.3	396.8	408.6
江南越桔 Vaccinium mandarinorum	2	7.9 ± 1.7	11.8 ± 2.9	19.9 ± 11.9	12.5 ± 2.1	302.9 ± 130.7	359.6 ± 44.5
檵木 Loropetalum chinense	3	5.6 ± 2.1	6.5 ± 0.3	17.2 ± 4.2	15.3 ± 2.6	382.8 ± 47.0	373.5 ± 30.4
杨梅叶蚊母树 Distylium myricoides	25	10.3 ± 4.2	14.3 ± 3.7	8.6 ± 1.6	7.8 ± 1.2	430.3 ± 30.4	445.2 ± 36.7
木犀 Osmanthus fragrans	5	24.9 ± 5.2	35.5 ± 4.5	10.1 ± 1.1	8.6 ± 0.4	458.1 ± 27.6	404.2 ± 11.7
宁波木犀 Osmanthus cooperi	7	20.9 ± 6.8	30.9 ± 6.1	9.4 ± 01.0	8.6 ± 0.9	447.8 ± 42.8	438.6 ± 21.1
赤楠 Syzygium buxifolium	2	6.1 ± 1.3	6.1 ± 0.9	13.0 ± 1.6	11.4 ± 2.3	371.7 ± 17.4	407.2 ± 42.2
虎皮楠 Daphniphyllum oldhami	3	19.0 ± 8.1	32.5 ± 9.7	15.7 ± 2.4	12.7 ± 1.6	301.5 ± 23.7	308.5 ± 2.6
披针叶茴香 Illicium lanceolatum	51	13.4 ± 4.5	17.7 ± 4.3	12.5 ± 3.0	9.7 ± 1.6	296.8 ± 54.9	314.3 ± 54.4
杨梅 Myrica rubra	4	18.4 ± 2.3	28.6 ± 8.6	17.2 ± 0.8	13.8 ± 1.1	370.6 ± 28.2	410.4 ± 34.7
厚壳树 Ehretia thyrsiflora	1	15.4	11.8	13.5	10.1	303.6	376.4
全部 Total	2 277	15.5 ± 10.5	21.0 ± 13.7	13.4 ± 3.3	11.1 ± 2.2	382.8 ± 57.3	395.8 ± 51.4

叶片类型 Leaf type	水平 Level	样本量 n	平均叶面积 MLA (cm²)			比叶面积 SLA (m²·kg^-1)			叶片干物质含量 LDMC (mg·g^-1)
叶片类型 Leaf type	水平 Level	样本量 n	平均值±标准偏差 Mean ± SD	范围 Range	变异系数 CV (%)	平均值±标准偏差 Mean ± SD	范围 Range	变异系数 CV (%)	平均值±标准偏差 Mean ± SD	范围 Range	变异系数 CV (%)
当年生叶 Current-year leaves	个体 Individual	2 277	14.8 ± 11.7^a	1.6-114.2	79.2	14.9 ± 4.1^b	5.3-27.5	27.5	386.7 ± 68.5^a	124.8-666.2	17.7
当年生叶 Current-year leaves	物种 Species	41	15.5 ± 10.5^A	5.5-60.1	67.7	13.4 ± 3.3^B	8.5-24.1	24.6	382.8 ± 57.3^A	283.1-478.6	15.0
往年生叶 Former-year leaves	个体 Individual	2 277	19.7 ± 15.1^b	3.4-138.9	76.4	12.0 ± 2.7^a	5.0-24.3	22.9	406.7 ± 64.5^b	243.3-812.1	15.9
往年生叶 Former-year leaves	物种 Species	41	21.0 ± 13. 7^B	6.1-80.8	65.1	11.1 ± 2.2^A	7.8-18.1	20.0	395.8 ± 51.4^B	308.5-492.5	13.0
总体 Total	个体 Individual	4 554	17.3 ± 13.7	1.6-139.0	79.5	13.4 ± 3.8	5.0-40.8	28.1	396.7 ± 67.3	124.8-812.1	17.0
总体 Total	物种 Species	82	18.1 ± 12.1	5.5-80.8	66.5	12.2 ± 3.0	7.8-24.1	24.7	388.1 ± 54.1	283.1-492.5	14.1

叶片类型 Leaf type	水平 Level	样本量 n	平均叶面积 MLA (cm²)			比叶面积 SLA (m²·kg^-1)			叶片干物质含量 LDMC (mg·g^-1)
叶片类型 Leaf type	水平 Level	样本量 n	平均值±标准偏差 Mean ± SD	范围 Range	变异系数 CV (%)	平均值±标准偏差 Mean ± SD	范围 Range	变异系数 CV (%)	平均值±标准偏差 Mean ± SD	范围 Range	变异系数 CV (%)
当年生叶 Current-year leaves	个体 Individual	2 277	14.8 ± 11.7^a	1.6-114.2	79.2	14.9 ± 4.1^b	5.3-27.5	27.5	386.7 ± 68.5^a	124.8-666.2	17.7
当年生叶 Current-year leaves	物种 Species	41	15.5 ± 10.5^A	5.5-60.1	67.7	13.4 ± 3.3^B	8.5-24.1	24.6	382.8 ± 57.3^A	283.1-478.6	15.0
往年生叶 Former-year leaves	个体 Individual	2 277	19.7 ± 15.1^b	3.4-138.9	76.4	12.0 ± 2.7^a	5.0-24.3	22.9	406.7 ± 64.5^b	243.3-812.1	15.9
往年生叶 Former-year leaves	物种 Species	41	21.0 ± 13. 7^B	6.1-80.8	65.1	11.1 ± 2.2^A	7.8-18.1	20.0	395.8 ± 51.4^B	308.5-492.5	13.0
总体 Total	个体 Individual	4 554	17.3 ± 13.7	1.6-139.0	79.5	13.4 ± 3.8	5.0-40.8	28.1	396.7 ± 67.3	124.8-812.1	17.0
总体 Total	物种 Species	82	18.1 ± 12.1	5.5-80.8	66.5	12.2 ± 3.0	7.8-24.1	24.7	388.1 ± 54.1	283.1-492.5	14.1