Effects of altitudes on non-structural carbohydrate allocation in different dominate trees in Qilian Mountains, China

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2021.0262

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims The objective of this study was to determine the altitude effects on non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) allocation in Picea crassifoliaand Juniperus przewalskii,the dominate trees in the Qilian Mountains.

Methods Two dominant coniferous species, P. crassifoliaand J. przewalskii, in the Qilian Mountains were selected to compare the NSC contents and its components (soluble sugar and starch) at different altitudes by sampling the tree organs at high (3 300 m) and low altitudes (2 850 m). The NSC allocation trade-off characteristics and its component contents among leaf, trunk, thick root and fine root were analyzed by ttest and analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Important findings (1) The content of NSC and its components in the whole plant and the measured organs of P. crassifolia at low altitude were significantly higher than those at high altitude, while the measures in the whole plant and the organs of J. przewalskii at low altitude were significantly lower than those at high altitude. (2) The soluble sugars of the two species were found mainly in the leaves, while the starch was mainly in the thick roots and trunk. (3) The ratio of soluble sugars:starch was significantly higher in P. crassifolia at high altitude than at low altitude, indicating that P. crassifolia at high altitude invested more carbon in growth, while at low altitude, more carbon for storage. (4) Altitude, tree species, organ, and their interactions significantly affected the contents of NSC and its component, and soluble sugar:starch as well. The tree species explains 38% and 37% of the total variation in NSC and starch, respectively; and organ explains 68% and 42% of the total variation in soluble sugar and soluble sugar:starch, respectively. The results provide a theoretical basis for understanding the ecological adaptation mechanism of the tree species at different altitudes in the Qilian Mountains.

Key words: nonstructural carbohydrates, altitude effect, tree species effect, resource allocation trade-off, Picea crassifolia, Juniperus przewalskii

QIN Hui-Jun, JIAO Liang, ZHOU Yi, XUE Ru-Hong, QI Chang-Liang, DU Da-Shi. Effects of altitudes on non-structural carbohydrate allocation in different dominate trees in Qilian Mountains, China[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2022, 46(2): 208-219.

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2022/V46/I2/208

Figures/Tables 6

References 60

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树种 Species	采样点 Sample site	海拔 Altitude (m)	纬度 Longitude (N)/ 经度 Latitude (E)	坡向 Exposure	坡度 Slope	平均树高 Mean tree height (m)	平均胸径 Mean diameter at breast height (cm)	平均冠幅 Mean crown width (m)
青海云杉 P. crassifolia	P1	2 850	38.33° 100.17°	西北 Northwest	17°	14.5	30.8	4.0
青海云杉 P. crassifolia	P2	3 300	38.32° 100.18°	北 North	30°	20.3	41.0	4.1
祁连圆柏 J. przewalskii	P3	2 850	38.53° 100.23°	偏北 Northerly	31°	7.1	32.0	4.3
祁连圆柏 J. przewalskii	P4	3 300	38.52° 100.21°	偏北 Northerly	33°	7.6	37.7	4.0

树种 Species	采样点 Sample site	海拔 Altitude (m)	纬度 Longitude (N)/ 经度 Latitude (E)	坡向 Exposure	坡度 Slope	平均树高 Mean tree height (m)	平均胸径 Mean diameter at breast height (cm)	平均冠幅 Mean crown width (m)
青海云杉 P. crassifolia	P1	2 850	38.33° 100.17°	西北 Northwest	17°	14.5	30.8	4.0
青海云杉 P. crassifolia	P2	3 300	38.32° 100.18°	北 North	30°	20.3	41.0	4.1
祁连圆柏 J. przewalskii	P3	2 850	38.53° 100.23°	偏北 Northerly	31°	7.1	32.0	4.3
祁连圆柏 J. przewalskii	P4	3 300	38.52° 100.21°	偏北 Northerly	33°	7.6	37.7	4.0

树种 Species	器官 Organ	异速生长方程 Anisotropic growth equations
青海云杉 P. crassifolia	叶 Leaf	${{m}_{\text{L}}}=0.002634{{({{\text{D}}^{2}}\text{H})}^{0.9753}}$
	干 Trunk	${{m}_{\text{S}}}=0.018791{{({{\text{D}}^{2}}\text{H})}^{0.9434}}$
	根 Root	${{m}_{\text{R}}}=0.005097{{({{\text{D}}^{2}}\text{H})}^{0.9501}}$
祁连圆柏 J. przewalskii	叶 Leaf	${{m}_{\text{L}}}=0.0042{{({{\text{D}}^{2}}\text{H})}^{0.8986}}$
	干 Trunk	${{m}_{\text{S}}}=0.2738{{({{\text{D}}^{2}}\text{H})}^{0.6912}}$
	根 Root	${{m}_{\text{R}}}=8.7356{{({{\text{D}}^{2}}\text{H})}^{0.2274}}$

树种 Species	器官 Organ	异速生长方程 Anisotropic growth equations
青海云杉 P. crassifolia	叶 Leaf	${{m}_{\text{L}}}=0.002634{{({{\text{D}}^{2}}\text{H})}^{0.9753}}$
	干 Trunk	${{m}_{\text{S}}}=0.018791{{({{\text{D}}^{2}}\text{H})}^{0.9434}}$
	根 Root	${{m}_{\text{R}}}=0.005097{{({{\text{D}}^{2}}\text{H})}^{0.9501}}$
祁连圆柏 J. przewalskii	叶 Leaf	${{m}_{\text{L}}}=0.0042{{({{\text{D}}^{2}}\text{H})}^{0.8986}}$
	干 Trunk	${{m}_{\text{S}}}=0.2738{{({{\text{D}}^{2}}\text{H})}^{0.6912}}$
	根 Root	${{m}_{\text{R}}}=8.7356{{({{\text{D}}^{2}}\text{H})}^{0.2274}}$

变异来源 Source of variation	参数 Parameter	三型平方和 SS	均方 MS	F	p	η²
海拔 Altitude	非结构性碳水化合物含量 NSC content	110.217	110.217	117.664	<0.010	0.148
	可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugar content	0.630	0.630	10.580	<0.010	0.010
	淀粉含量 Starch content	94.181	94.181	110.201	<0.010	0.164
	可溶性糖:淀粉 Soluble sugar:starch	0.185	0.185	5.060	0.028	0.024
树种 Species	非结构性碳水化合物含量 NSC content	278.566	278.566	297.387	<0.010	0.375
	可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugar content	4.702	4.702	78.967	<0.010	0.077
	淀粉含量 Starch content	210.885	210.885	246.756	<0.010	0.368
	可溶性糖:淀粉 Soluble sugar:starch	0.986	0.986	26.909	<0.010	0.128
器官 Organ	非结构性碳水化合物含量 NSC content	29.128	9.709	10.365	<0.010	0.039
	可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugar content	41.715	13.905	233.527	<0.010	0.681
	淀粉含量 Starch content	3.524	1.175	1.375	0.259	0.006
	可溶性糖:淀粉 Soluble sugar:starch	3.220	1.073	29.286	<0.010	0.418
海拔×树种 Altitude × Species	非结构性碳水化合物含量 NSC content	237.780	237.780	253.850	<0.010	0.320
	可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugar content	63.188	63.188	253.545	<0.010	0.052
	淀粉含量 Starch content	185.906	185.906	217.528	<0.010	0.324
	可溶性糖:淀粉 Soluble sugar:starch	0.353	0.353	9.628	<0.010	0.046
海拔×器官 Altitude × Organ	非结构性碳水化合物含量 NSC content	3.511	1.170	1.249	0.299	0.005
	可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugar content	0.264	0.088	1.476	0.229	0.004
	淀粉含量 Starch content	3.231	1.077	1.260	0.296	0.006
	可溶性糖:淀粉 Soluble sugar:starch	0.071	0.024	0.649	0.586	0.009
树种×器官 Species × Organ	非结构性碳水化合物含量 NSC content	17.734	5.911	6.311	<0.010	0.024
	可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugar content	5.682	1.894	31.809	<0.010	0.093
	淀粉含量 Starch content	12.362	4.121	4.821	<0.010	0.022
	可溶性糖:淀粉 Soluble sugar:starch	0.386	0.123	3.347	0.024	0.048
海拔×树种×器官 Altitude × Species × Organ	非结构性碳水化合物含量 NSC content	6.275	2.092	2.333	0.093	0.008
	可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugar content	1.240	0.413	6.941	<0.010	0.020
	淀粉含量 Starch content	8.787	2.929	3.427	0.022	0.015
	可溶性糖:淀粉 Soluble sugar:starch	0.167	0.056	1.515	0.219	0.022