Spatial variability of phenological phenotype of Picea crassifolia in Qilian Mountains and its internal mechanism

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2021.0100

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims The aim of this study is to address how the spatial variability of phenological phenotype is characterized in natural populations, and what drives such spatial variability (genetic variation or phenotype plasticity).
Methods The phenological process of 156 sample trees in 20 plots of five altitudes in Pailugou watershed was monitored for two consecutive years, and the saplings selected at different altitudes were transplanted in common garden. The investigation data were analyzed using ridge regression and lasso regression.
Important findings All phenological stages of Picea crassifolia were delayed with altitude (0.57-1.36 d per 100 m). This spatial variability reflected a certain degree of provenance effect (i.e. genetic variation), with an average contribution rate of 20.8% that maintained at a relatively stable level between years. An interesting finding is that the spring phenology timing of high-altitude populations in the common garden was significantly earlier than low-altitude populations, which may be related to the lower threshold of pre-season heat accumulation required for bud differentiation of high-altitude populations. In addition, we found that pre-season heat accumulation, altitude, pre-season precipitation and freezing injury frequency played key roles in explaining phenological dynamics at the population level.

Key words: phenology, spatial variability, genetic variation, phenotype plasticity, Picea crassifolia

DU Jun, WANG Wen, HE Zhi-Bin, CHEN Long-Fei, LIN Peng-Fei, ZHU Xi, TIAN Quan-Yan. Spatial variability of phenological phenotype of Picea crassifolia in Qilian Mountains and its internal mechanism[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2021, 45(8): 834-843.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2021.0100

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2021/V45/I8/834

Figures/Tables 6

References 41

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影响因子 Impact factor	df	萌芽 Bud burst			展叶 Leaf expansion			抽枝 Branching			开花 Flowering			结果 Fruiting
影响因子 Impact factor	df	MS	F	p	MS	F	p	MS	F	p	MS	F	p	MS	F	p
海拔 Altitude (AL)	4	155.23	38.70	0.00	216.80	82.50	0.00	239.76	72.91	0.00	63.27	4.44	0.00	849.72	744.96	0.00
坡向 Aspect (AS)	1	40.19	10.02	0.00	39.62	15.08	0.00	24.09	7.33	0.01	16.92	1.19	0.28	13.14	11.52	0.00
斑块大小 Patch size (PS)	1	0.95	0.24	0.63	1.83	0.70	0.41	1.65	0.50	0.48	0.07	0.01	0.94	0.02	0.01	0.91
AL × AS	4	1.58	0.39	0.71	2.09	0.80	0.53	1.42	0.43	0.79	0.12	0.01	1.00	8.14	7.14	0.00
AL × PS	4	0.39	0.10	0.98	0.72	0.28	0.89	0.61	0.19	0.95	0.40	0.03	1.00	2.35	2.06	0.12
AS × PS	1	40.76	10.16	0.00	22.16	8.43	0.01	5.89	1.79	0.19	59.16	4.15	0.05	1.27	1.11	0.30
AL × AS × PS	4	15.80	3.94	0.01	13.84	5.27	0.00	12.34	3.75	0.01	19.62	1.38	0.25	1.27	1.11	0.35
误差 Error	60	4.01			2.63			3.29			14.26			1.14

影响因子 Impact factor	df	萌芽 Bud burst			展叶 Leaf expansion			抽枝 Branching			开花 Flowering			结果 Fruiting
影响因子 Impact factor	df	MS	F	p	MS	F	p	MS	F	p	MS	F	p	MS	F	p
海拔 Altitude (AL)	4	155.23	38.70	0.00	216.80	82.50	0.00	239.76	72.91	0.00	63.27	4.44	0.00	849.72	744.96	0.00
坡向 Aspect (AS)	1	40.19	10.02	0.00	39.62	15.08	0.00	24.09	7.33	0.01	16.92	1.19	0.28	13.14	11.52	0.00
斑块大小 Patch size (PS)	1	0.95	0.24	0.63	1.83	0.70	0.41	1.65	0.50	0.48	0.07	0.01	0.94	0.02	0.01	0.91
AL × AS	4	1.58	0.39	0.71	2.09	0.80	0.53	1.42	0.43	0.79	0.12	0.01	1.00	8.14	7.14	0.00
AL × PS	4	0.39	0.10	0.98	0.72	0.28	0.89	0.61	0.19	0.95	0.40	0.03	1.00	2.35	2.06	0.12
AS × PS	1	40.76	10.16	0.00	22.16	8.43	0.01	5.89	1.79	0.19	59.16	4.15	0.05	1.27	1.11	0.30
AL × AS × PS	4	15.80	3.94	0.01	13.84	5.27	0.00	12.34	3.75	0.01	19.62	1.38	0.25	1.27	1.11	0.35
误差 Error	60	4.01			2.63			3.29			14.26			1.14

阶段 Phase	2018			2019
阶段 Phase	D	F	p	D	F	p
萌芽期 Bud burst	13.4	2.669	0.043	19.9	3.636	0.011
展叶期 Leaf expansion	23.2	4.283	0.005	20.4	3.700	0.010
抽枝期 Branching	29.2	5.512	0.001	19.3	3.495	0.013

阶段 Phase	2018			2019
阶段 Phase	D	F	p	D	F	p
萌芽期 Bud burst	13.4	2.669	0.043	19.9	3.636	0.011
展叶期 Leaf expansion	23.2	4.283	0.005	20.4	3.700	0.010
抽枝期 Branching	29.2	5.512	0.001	19.3	3.495	0.013

变量 Variable	展叶 Leaf expansion (Scaled)	Lar序列 Lar sequence	开花 Flowering (Scaled)	Lar序列 Lar sequence	结果 Fruiting (Scaled)	Lar序列 Lar sequence
海拔 Altitude	4.80 (0.72)^***	2	2.34 (0.69)^***	1	6.85 (0.23)^***	5
CH_0(Oct.-Feb.)	-4.07 (0.38)^***	8	-1.42 (0.51)^**	7	-7.00 (0.22)^***	10
CH_5(Oct.-Feb.)	-2.52 (0.31)^***	-	-1.09 (0.43)^*	-	-4.69 (0.18)^***	-
CDD_0(Mar.-May)¹	-5.93 (0.63)^***	5	-1.90 (0.57)^***	5	-9.49 (0.29)^***	-
CDD_5(Mar.-May)¹	-6.83 (0.79)^***	1	-2.13 (0.65)^**	2	-10.65 (0.36)^***	1
CDD_0(Mar.-May)²	0.74 (0.88)	6	-0.90 (0.94)	9	2.34 (0.45)^***	7
CDD_5(Mar.-May)²	-	-	-	-	-	-
TR_(Mar.-May)	1.01 (1.68)	9	1.27 (1.41)	6	4.27 (0.30)^***	9
RD_(Mar.-May)	4.33 (1.27)^***	3	0.84 (1.11)	4	9.87 (0.80)^***	2
FD_(May)	6.47 (0.83)^***	4	2.13 (0.67)^**	3	10.11 (0.41)^***	3
HD_(May)	3.60 (1.29)^**	-	0.32 (0.97)	-	4.26 (0.62)^***	8
PSD_(Mar.-May)	0.02 (1.15)	7	0.93 (1.21)	8	-1.68 (0.51)^**	6
FSD_(May)	-4.78 (0.60)^***	10	-1.98 (0.64)^**	10	-6.50 (0.38)^***	4