STUDY ON PHENOTYPIC DIVERSITY OF CONE AND SEED IN NATURAL POPULATIONS OF PICEA CRASSIFOLIA IN QILIAN MOUNTAIN, CHINA

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.02.012

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Our objective was to determine 1) the phenotypic variation of cone and seed in natural populations and 2) the relationship between phenotypic variation of natural population and different distribution areas in Picea crassifolia.
Methods Field investigation and analysis of the natural distribution of P. crassifolia in Qilian Mountain led to our selection of four cone characters and four seed traits in 10 trees from each of 10 populations. We examined morphological diversity among/within populations based on analysis of eight phenotypic traits. Variance analysis, multi-comparison, correlation analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis were used to analyze experimental results.
Important finding Analysis of variance for all traits showed significant differences among/within populations except for cone dry weight and cone length/cone width. The mean phenotypic differentiation coefficient (Vst) among populations was 27.18%, compared to 72.82% within populations. In different individuals within populations, the CV of cone length, cone width, cone dry weight, cone length/cone width, seed length, seed width, seed length/seed width, 1 000 seeds weight was 10.08%, 5.80%, 19.29%, 9.66%, 8.38%, 15.34%, 6.52% and 13.94%, respectively. Most of the cone and seed traits were positively correlated. The cone dry weight, seed length, 1 000 seeds weight, cone length, cone width were thought to be the most important cone and seed traits that were easy to measured in P. crassifolia. The spatial variation of traits of natural populations was related most strongly to longitude. According to UPGMA cluster analysis, the 10 populations of P. crassifolia could be divided into four groups. This study indicates that there is rich phenotypic variation of cone and seed in natural populations of P. crassifolia in Qilian Mountain and thereby provides theoretical references and basic data for genetic resources conservation, utilization and improvement in P. crassifolia.

Key words: Picea crassifolia, natural population, cone and seed traits, phenotypic diversity

WANG Ya-Li, LI Yi. STUDY ON PHENOTYPIC DIVERSITY OF CONE AND SEED IN NATURAL POPULATIONS OF PICEA CRASSIFOLIA IN QILIAN MOUNTAIN, CHINA[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2008, 32(2): 355-362.

Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.02.012

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2008/V32/I2/355

Figures/Tables 9

References 19

[1]	Barzdajn W (1996). An assessment of diagnostic value of morphological traits of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) cones for discrimination of spruce provenances. Sylwan, 140, 61-75.
[2]	Ge S (葛颂), Wang MX (王明庥), Chen YW (陈岳武) (1988). Study on genetic structure of Pinus massoniana use isozyme. Scientia Silvae Sinicae (林业科学), 24, 399-409. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]	Jiang H (江洪) (1992). The Population of Picea asperata Ecology (云杉种群生态学). China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing. 20-143. (in Chinese)
[4]	Jiang JM (姜景民), Yu MK (虞沫奎), Hu SC (胡世才), Luo XZ (罗训志), Tang JD (唐金娣), Cao ZR (曹志荣) (1996). Effect of seed sorting on germination and seedling quality of slash pine. Forest Research (林业科学研究), 9, 290-295. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]	Khalil MAK (1985). Genetic variation in eastern white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) population. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 15, 444-452. DOI URL
[6]	Khalil MAK (1984). Genetic of cone morphology of black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill). B. S. P.) in Newfoundland, Canada. Silvae Genetica, 33, 101-109.
[7]	Li B (李斌), Gu WC (顾万春), Lu BM (卢宝明) (2002). Study on phenotypic diversity of seeds and cones characteristic in Pinus bungeana. Biodiversity Science (生物多样性), 10, 181-188. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]	Li M (李梅), Han HR (韩海荣), Kang FF (康峰峰), Ma QY (马钦彦) (2005). Morphologic variation of leaves of Quercus liaotungensis Koidz. in Lingkong Mountain, Shanxi Province. Journal of Beijing Forestry University (北京林业大学学报), 27(5), 10-16. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]	Li P, Beaulieu J, Bousquet J (1997). Genetic structure and patterns of genetic variation among populations in eastern white spruce (Picea glauca). Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 27, 189-198. DOI URL
[10]	Li P (李萍), Li Y (李毅) (2005). Genetic structure of Picea crassifolia populations. Journal of Gansu Agriculture University (甘肃农业大学学报), 40, 363-367. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]	Li WY (李文英), Gu WC (顾万春) (2005). Study on phenotypic diversity of natural population in Quercus mongolica. Scientia Silvae Sinicae (林业科学), 41(1), 49-56. (in Chinese with English abstract) DOI URL
[12]	Luo JX (罗建勋), Gu WC (顾万春) (2004). Cone and seed variation of natural population in Picea asperata. Journal of Northwest Science Technology University of Agriculture and Forestry (Natural Science Edition) (西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)), 32, 60-66. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]	Luo JX (罗建勋), Gu WC (顾万春) (2005). Study on phenotypic diversity of natural population in Picea asperata. Scientia Silvae Sinicae (林业科学), 41(2), 66-73. (in Chinese with English abstract) DOI URL
[14]	Luo JX (罗建勋), Li XQ (李晓清), Sun P (孙鹏), Huang XJ (黄晓江), Li SQ (李树全), Huang CL (黄春力), Yang Y (扬毅) (2003). Phenotypic variation in natural population of Picea asperata. Journal of Northeast Forestry University (东北林业大学学报), 31(1), 9-11. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]	Pang GC (庞广昌), Jiang DM (姜冬梅) (1995). Population genetic diversity and data analysis. Scientia Silvae Sinicae (林业科学), 31, 543-550. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]	Simons AM, Johnston MO (2000). Variation in seed of Lobelia inflata (Campanulaceace): sources and fitness consequence. American Journal of Botany, 87, 124-132. URL PMID
[17]	Zhang HG (张含国), Sun LF (孙立夫), Han JF (韩继凤), Feng BL (丰宝林) (2003). Study on the genetic diversity of Picea koraiensis. Bulletin of Botanical Research (植物研究), 25, 224-229. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]	Zhang HQ (张恒庆), An LJ (安利佳), Zu YG (祖元刚) (1999). Geographical variation of morphology characters for natural population of Pinus koraiensis. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 19, 932-938. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]	Zhou LD (周连第), Lan YP (兰彦平), Cao QC (曹庆昌), Li SY (李淑英), Lan WZ (兰卫宗) (2005). Geographical variation of morphological characteristic of Castanea mollissima seeds and legumes. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin (中国农学通报), 21(9), 136-139. (in Chinese with English abstract)

群体 Population	纬度 Latitude (N)	经度 Longitude (E)	海拔(m) Altitude	年均温 T_a(℃)	1月均温 T₁(℃)	7月均温 T₇(℃)	年降水(mm) Precipitation	坡度(°) Slope	坡向 Aspect	土壤 Soil
SN1	38°51'	99°31'	2 651	3.6	-10.4	15.9	253	15	NW	山地棕褐土 Mountain brown earth
SN2	38°51'	99°34'	2 684	3.6	-10.4	15.9	253	10	N	山地棕褐土 Mountain brown earth
SN3	38°51'	99°32'	2 587	3.6	-10.4	15.9	253	15	SW	山地棕褐土 Mountain brown earth
TZ1	37°30'	102°20'	2 807	1.8	-10.9	23.2	350	28	SW	山地灰褐土 Mountain grey earth
TZ2	37°22'	102°32'	2 805	1.8	-10.9	23.2	350	28	NW	山地灰褐土 Mountain grey earth
SD	38°32'	100°16'	2 684	1.2	-11.3	20.3	400	30	N	山地灰褐土 Mountain grey earth
ML	38°21'	100°37'	2 783	2.8	-12.3	15.9	328	18	SW	山地灰褐土 Mountain grey earth
DT1	37°01'	101°50'	2 947	2.7	-11.8	14.2	552.2	10	S	山地褐土 Mountain grey earth
DT2	37°02'	101°49'	2 705	2.7	-11.8	14.2	552.2	15	SE	山地棕褐土 Mountain brown earth
MY	37°16'	102°00'	2 809	0.6	-13.8	12.8	393.3	25	NW	山地棕褐土 Mountain brown earth

群体 Population	纬度 Latitude (N)	经度 Longitude (E)	海拔(m) Altitude	年均温 T_a(℃)	1月均温 T₁(℃)	7月均温 T₇(℃)	年降水(mm) Precipitation	坡度(°) Slope	坡向 Aspect	土壤 Soil
SN1	38°51'	99°31'	2 651	3.6	-10.4	15.9	253	15	NW	山地棕褐土 Mountain brown earth
SN2	38°51'	99°34'	2 684	3.6	-10.4	15.9	253	10	N	山地棕褐土 Mountain brown earth
SN3	38°51'	99°32'	2 587	3.6	-10.4	15.9	253	15	SW	山地棕褐土 Mountain brown earth
TZ1	37°30'	102°20'	2 807	1.8	-10.9	23.2	350	28	SW	山地灰褐土 Mountain grey earth
TZ2	37°22'	102°32'	2 805	1.8	-10.9	23.2	350	28	NW	山地灰褐土 Mountain grey earth
SD	38°32'	100°16'	2 684	1.2	-11.3	20.3	400	30	N	山地灰褐土 Mountain grey earth
ML	38°21'	100°37'	2 783	2.8	-12.3	15.9	328	18	SW	山地灰褐土 Mountain grey earth
DT1	37°01'	101°50'	2 947	2.7	-11.8	14.2	552.2	10	S	山地褐土 Mountain grey earth
DT2	37°02'	101°49'	2 705	2.7	-11.8	14.2	552.2	15	SE	山地棕褐土 Mountain brown earth
MY	37°16'	102°00'	2 809	0.6	-13.8	12.8	393.3	25	NW	山地棕褐土 Mountain brown earth

性状 Traits	均方自由度 df			F值 F value
性状 Traits	群体间 Among populations	群体内 Within population	机误 Random errors	群体间 Among populations	群体内 Within population
QSW	36.397 800	2.699 400	0.182 600	199.192 500^**	14.780 340
CL	82.616 190	12.030 620	0.849 659	97.234 570^**	14.159 360
CW	2.841 628	0.797 694	0.010 011	283.851 500^**	79.680 240
CDW	302.202 300	89.579 850	49.226 900	6.138 967 0^**	1.817 702
SL	0.139 593	0.030 083	0.001 093	127.703 500^**	27.529 300^**
SW	0.063 347	0.019 211	0.001 155	54.837 990^**	16.630 530^**
CL/CW	7.636 824	1.685 556	1.592 643	4.795 064^**	1.058 339
SL/SW	2.989 119	2.329 227	0.077 664	38.487 690^**	29.990 960^**

性状 Traits	均方自由度 df			F值 F value
性状 Traits	群体间 Among populations	群体内 Within population	机误 Random errors	群体间 Among populations	群体内 Within population
QSW	36.397 800	2.699 400	0.182 600	199.192 500^**	14.780 340
CL	82.616 190	12.030 620	0.849 659	97.234 570^**	14.159 360
CW	2.841 628	0.797 694	0.010 011	283.851 500^**	79.680 240
CDW	302.202 300	89.579 850	49.226 900	6.138 967 0^**	1.817 702
SL	0.139 593	0.030 083	0.001 093	127.703 500^**	27.529 300^**
SW	0.063 347	0.019 211	0.001 155	54.837 990^**	16.630 530^**
CL/CW	7.636 824	1.685 556	1.592 643	4.795 064^**	1.058 339
SL/SW	2.989 119	2.329 227	0.077 664	38.487 690^**	29.990 960^**

群体 Population	样本数 Sample number	平均值±标准差 Mean±SD
		CL (cm)	CW (cm)	CDW (g)	CLW	SL (cm)	SW (cm)	QSW (g)	SLW
		SN1	150	10.11±0.869^a	2.45±0.130^a	17.25±3.160^a	4.14±0.340^a	0.40±0.030^ab	0.20±0.023^abc	6.35±0.116^a	2.05±0.258^a
SN2	150	9.28±0.950^ab	2.20±0.129^bc	13.56±2.363^bcd	4.23±0.398^a	0.39±0.035^abc	0.22±0.029^ab	5.77±0.041^ab	1.84±0.208^ab
SN3	150	9.84±0.974^a	2.47±0.226^a	14.89±2.895^ab	4.05±0.494^a	0.41±0.048^a	0.22±0.032^ab	6.47±0.184^a	1.97±0.279^ab
TZ1	150	8.37±1.266^bcd	2.26±0.102^b	12.03±2.477^cde	3.71±0.536^bc	0.36±0.031^cde	0.20±0.049^abc	4.51±0.125^cd	1.88±0.351^ab
TZ2	150	7.90±0.970^d	2.21±0.183^b	11.07±2.485^de	3.57±0.313^c	0.35±0.034^de	0.19±0.030^c	3.71±0.052^de	1.95±0.313^ab
SD	150	9.14±1.181^ab	2.11±0.139^bc	12.87±2.771^bcde	4.16±0.671^a	0.40±0.025^ab	0.23±0.020^a	6.21±0.234^ab	1.77±0.200^ab
ML	150	9.05±0.872^abc	2.25±0.097^b	10.94±2.308^de	4.02±0.359^a	0.37±0.033^bcde	0.22±0.020^ab	5.31±0.112^bc	1.73±0.226^b
DT1	150	9.27±0.755^abc	2.18±0.100^bc	13.45±2.425^bcde	4.17±0.266^a	0.38±0.030^abcd	0.19±0.023^bc	4.21±0.103^de	1.98±0.349^ab
DT2	150	9.53±0.694^ab	2.25±0.109^b	14.19±2.722^bc	4.24±0.277^a	0.38±0.027^bcd	0.20±0.019^abc	5.31±0.126^bc	1.86±0.170^ab
MY	150	7.99±0.534^cd	2.02±0.093^c	10.65±1.581^e	3.95±0.221^ab	0.35±0.025^e	0.18±0.063^c	3.47±0.022^e	1.95±0.303^ab
总计 Total	1 500	9.03±0.930	2.24±0.137	13.09±2.550	4.02±0.410	9.03±0.930	2.24±0.137	13.09±2.550	4.02±0.410