Effect of simulated ortet density on growth and clonal propagation of Iris japonica

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.03.011

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Intra-species ortet competition has significant effects on growth, sexual reproduction and clonal propagation of clonal plants. Iris japonica is widely distributed along open area of forest edges and under sparse forest canopies with higher light and water conditions in southern China. It affects other herbs by its dominance through clonal propagation. Our objective was to determine the effect of different initial ortets of I. japonica on clonal propagation and growth. Findings could provide a theoretical foundation for the management of understory vegetation with I. japonica.

Methods From September 2007 to June 2008, we conducted a simulation experiment of I. japonica in which we replaced a ortet by an independent one-year ramet. We set up three treatments: one initial separate ortet (O), two initial separate ortets (T) and four initial separate ortets (F) in 0.7 m × 0.7 m, which represented the effect of intra-species ortet competition. Each treatment had 10 repeats, and we quantitatively measured characters of clonal propagation, leaves and biomass and allocation of clonal propagation in different treatments. Data were analyzed using SPSS software.

Important findings The number of new ramets per ortet of I. japonica was higher, and number of dead ramets per ortet was lower in O treatment than in T and F treatments. Number of primary and secondary daughter ramet (per ortet) and length, surface, volume and length per density of fine rhizomes and roots of I. japonica decreased with the increase of initial ortet (ortet competition). The number of highly withered and total withered leaves of mother ramet, and number of moderately withered, highly withered and total withered leaves of daughter ramet of I. japonica increased with the increase of initial ortet (ortet competition). Leaf area and number of leaves per ortet and number of leaves for daughter ramet per ortet of I. japonica significantly decreased, and leaf area ratio (LAR) per ortet significantly increased with the increase of initial ortet (ortet competition). Biomass of fine rhizomes, coarse rhizomes, clonal propagation, aboveground, belowground and total plant and allocation to fine rhizome and belowground of I. japonica significantly decreased, and allocation to coarse rhizome of mother ramet and aboveground significantly increased with the increase of initial ortet (ortet competition). In sum, with the increase of ortet competition, growth of I. japonica and status of its leaves were inhibited, and clonal propagation became weaker. Thus, it could increase LAR and allocation of coarse rhizome of mother for resources reserve to growth and sexual reproduction in coming year.

Key words: clonal propagation, competition, Iris japonica, resource allocation

WANG Yong-Jian, ZHONG Zhang-Cheng. Effect of simulated ortet density on growth and clonal propagation of Iris japonica[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2010, 34(3): 340-347.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.03.011

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2010/V34/I3/340

Figures/Tables 8

References 23

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总生物量 Total biomass	繁殖 Reproduction	有性繁殖 Sexual reproduction (SR)	花 Flower
			果实 Fruit
		克隆繁殖 Clonal propagation (CR)	细根茎与根 Fine rhizome (Fr)
			粗根茎 Coarse rhizome (Cr)
			克隆叶(未开花子株) Clonal leaf (Daughter ramet without flowering)
	生长 Growth	叶(母株与开花子株) Leaf (Mother ramet and flowering daughter ramet)

总生物量 Total biomass	繁殖 Reproduction	有性繁殖 Sexual reproduction (SR)	花 Flower
			果实 Fruit
		克隆繁殖 Clonal propagation (CR)	细根茎与根 Fine rhizome (Fr)
			粗根茎 Coarse rhizome (Cr)
			克隆叶(未开花子株) Clonal leaf (Daughter ramet without flowering)
	生长 Growth	叶(母株与开花子株) Leaf (Mother ramet and flowering daughter ramet)

参数 Parameter	处理 Treatment			F_(2,27)	p
参数 Parameter	1个起始源株 One initial separate ortet	2个起始源株 Two initial separate ortets	4个起始源株 Four initial separate ortets	F_(2,27)	p
一级子株数 Number of primary daughter ramet (per ortet)	6.10 ± 0.80 ^a	4.44 ± 0.37 ^ab	3.34 ± 0.45 ^b	5.375	0.012
二级子株数 Number of secondary daughter ramet (per ortet)	3.40 ± 0.65 ^a	1.44 ± 0.39 ^b	0.84 ± 0.32 ^b	7.250	0.003
粗根茎特征 Characteristics of coarse rhizome
母株粗根茎长 Length of mother ramet (cm)	11.90 ± 1.93 ^ns	9.68 ± 0.57 ^ns	10.76 ± 0.79 ^ns	0.790	0.476
母株粗根茎直径 Average diameter of mother ramet (cm)	0.86 ± 0.04 ^ns	0.89 ± 0.04 ^ns	0.86 ± 0.03 ^ns	0.146	0.865
一级子株粗根茎长 Length of primary daughter ramet (cm)	4.51 ± 0.39 ^ns	3.89 ± 0.25 ^ns	4.08 ± 0.28 ^ns	0.872	0.420
一级子株粗根茎直径 Average diameter of primary daughter ramet (cm)	0.78 ± 0.02 ^a	0.74 ± 0.02 ^ab	0.70 ± 0.02 ^b	4.699	0.011
二级子株粗根茎长 Length of secondary daughter ramet (cm)	4.14 ± 0.54 ^a	2.84 ± 0.29^b	3.00 ± 0.21^b	3.549	0.048
二级子株粗根茎直径 Average diameter of secondary daughter ramet (cm)	0.70 ± 0.04 ^ns	0.72 ± 0.05 ^ns	0.70 ± 0.04 ^ns	0.063	0.939

参数 Parameter	处理 Treatment			F_(2,27)	p
参数 Parameter	1个起始源株 One initial separate ortet	2个起始源株 Two initial separate ortets	4个起始源株 Four initial separate ortets	F_(2,27)	p
一级子株数 Number of primary daughter ramet (per ortet)	6.10 ± 0.80 ^a	4.44 ± 0.37 ^ab	3.34 ± 0.45 ^b	5.375	0.012
二级子株数 Number of secondary daughter ramet (per ortet)	3.40 ± 0.65 ^a	1.44 ± 0.39 ^b	0.84 ± 0.32 ^b	7.250	0.003
粗根茎特征 Characteristics of coarse rhizome
母株粗根茎长 Length of mother ramet (cm)	11.90 ± 1.93 ^ns	9.68 ± 0.57 ^ns	10.76 ± 0.79 ^ns	0.790	0.476
母株粗根茎直径 Average diameter of mother ramet (cm)	0.86 ± 0.04 ^ns	0.89 ± 0.04 ^ns	0.86 ± 0.03 ^ns	0.146	0.865
一级子株粗根茎长 Length of primary daughter ramet (cm)	4.51 ± 0.39 ^ns	3.89 ± 0.25 ^ns	4.08 ± 0.28 ^ns	0.872	0.420
一级子株粗根茎直径 Average diameter of primary daughter ramet (cm)	0.78 ± 0.02 ^a	0.74 ± 0.02 ^ab	0.70 ± 0.02 ^b	4.699	0.011
二级子株粗根茎长 Length of secondary daughter ramet (cm)	4.14 ± 0.54 ^a	2.84 ± 0.29^b	3.00 ± 0.21^b	3.549	0.048
二级子株粗根茎直径 Average diameter of secondary daughter ramet (cm)	0.70 ± 0.04 ^ns	0.72 ± 0.05 ^ns	0.70 ± 0.04 ^ns	0.063	0.939

参数 Parameter	处理 Treatment			F_(2,27)	p
参数 Parameter	1个起始源株 One initial separate ortet	2个起始源株 Two initial separate ortets	4个起始源株 Four initial separate ortets	F_(2,27)	p
源株叶片数 Number of leaves (per ortet)	82.90 ± 1.00 ^a	52.11 ± 6.71 ^b	40.25 ± 4.59 ^b	7.980	0.002
母株叶片数 Number of leaves for mother ramet (per ortet)	11.30 ± 0.92 ^ns	9.83 ± 0.41 ^ns	9.59 ± 0.28 ^ns	2.070	0.148
子株叶片数 Number of leaves for daughter ramet (per ortet)	71.60 ± 9.51 ^a	42.28 ± 6.53 ^b	30.66 ± 4.42 ^b	7.992	0.002
源株叶面积 Leaf area (per ortet) (cm²)	3050.41 ± 325.35 ^a	2291.00 ± 305.36 ^ab	2019.49 ± 267.84 ^b	3.498	0.047
母株叶面积 Leaf area (per mother ramet) (cm²)	1105.30 ± 116.39 ^ns	950.64 ± 68.35 ^ns	915.03 ± 72.11 ^ns	1.279	0.297
源株LMA Leaf mass per unit area (per ortet) (mg·cm^-2)	7.33 ± 0.21 ^ns	7.73 ± 0.10 ^ns	7.27 ± 0.14 ^ns	2.348	0.117
源株LAR Leaf area ratio (per ortet) (cm² · mg^-1)	90.11 ± 2.12 ^b	88.69 ± 1.42 ^b	95.89 ± 2.28 ^a	3.484	0.047