DYNAMIC CHANGE OF PHYTOPLANKTON CELL DENSITY AFTER THERMAL SHOCK AND CHLORINATION IN A SUBTROPICAL BAY IN CHINA

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.06.020

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims With the drastic increase in number of power plants adjacent to estuaries and bays, damage to plankton caused by thermal shock and chlorination in cooling systems has become a serious ecological problem in coastal areas. Presently, there are no criteria for temperature increment (ΔT) and chlorine dosage (CD) for coastal cooling systems in China. Our objectives are to 1) determine under which Δ T and CD that the phytoplankton biomass has potential to recover after passage through a cooling system and 2) supply a scientific basis for environmental risk assessment and standard formulation of Δ T andCD in cooling water.

Methods In four seasons from August 2006 to May 2007, we collected phytoplankton from the Yueqing Bay. In the laboratory, we stressed the phytoplankton at different Δ T (0, 4, 8, 12 ℃) and CD (0, 1.0, 1.8, 3.2, 5.6 mg·L^-1). We then recorded the phytoplankton cell density (PCD) every 24 h in a stable culture for 15 d.

Important findings Both thermal shock and season significantly affected PCD recovery (p<0.001). The recovery period was longer with rising acclimation temperature (AT) and Δ T. When AT was low in spring, autumn and winter, PCD could recover to the control level in 1-6 d at the Δ T of 4-12 ℃. However, thermal shock would affect PCD more severely when AT was high in summer, as 4-9 d was needed for recovery at the Δ T of 4-8 ℃ and the resilience was lost at the Δ T of 12 ℃. Chlorination also significantly affected the PCD recovery (p<0.001) and had a greater impact than thermal shock. ThePCD recovery period was longer with increasing CD. Though PCD could generally restore during 15 d at the CD of 1.0-1.8 mg·L^-1, it could not at the CDof 5.6 mg·L^-1 in all seasons. Also, there was a synergistic effect between Δ T and CD that the effect of chlorine on PCD recovery was enhanced under temperature increase in the four seasons. Based on these data, current Δ T (6-12 ℃), CD (1-2 mg·L^-1) and residual chlorine discharge level (0.15-0.25 mg·L^-1) in coastal power plants do not severely affect subtropical phytoplankton biomass.

Key words: thermal shock, chlorine stress, marine phytoplankton, recovery, coastal power plant

JIANG Zhi-Bing, ZENG Jiang-Ning, CHEN Quan-Zhen, LIAO Yi-Bo, SHOU Lu, XU Xiao-Qun, LIU Jing-Jing, HUANG Yi-Jun. DYNAMIC CHANGE OF PHYTOPLANKTON CELL DENSITY AFTER THERMAL SHOCK AND CHLORINATION IN A SUBTROPICAL BAY IN CHINA[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2008, 32(6): 1386-1396.

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Figures/Tables 11

References 35

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季节 Seasons	优势种 Dominant species	占细胞总数的百分比 Percentages of total cell density (%)
春 Spring	中肋骨条藻 Skeletonema costatum	24
夏 Summer	中肋骨条藻 S. costatum	87
秋 Autumn	中肋骨条藻 S. costatum	42
冬 Winter	中肋骨条藻 S. costatum	75

季节 Seasons	优势种 Dominant species	占细胞总数的百分比 Percentages of total cell density (%)
春 Spring	中肋骨条藻 Skeletonema costatum	24
夏 Summer	中肋骨条藻 S. costatum	87
秋 Autumn	中肋骨条藻 S. costatum	42
冬 Winter	中肋骨条藻 S. costatum	75

水质参数 Quality parameters	春 Spring	夏 Summer	秋 Autumn	冬 Winter
温度 Temperature (℃)	20.0	28.0	22.0	10.0
盐度 Salinity	25.5	20.3	27.5	21.5
pH	8.11	8.01	8.00	8.05
化学需氧量 Chemical oxygen demand (mg·L^-1)	1.62	1.20	0.92	1.48
氨氮 NH₃(μmol·L^-1)	0.029	0.128	0.044	0.020
亚硝酸盐 NO₂^-(μmol·L^-1)	0.571	1.714	1.071	0.857

水质参数 Quality parameters	春 Spring	夏 Summer	秋 Autumn	冬 Winter
温度 Temperature (℃)	20.0	28.0	22.0	10.0
盐度 Salinity	25.5	20.3	27.5	21.5
pH	8.11	8.01	8.00	8.05
化学需氧量 Chemical oxygen demand (mg·L^-1)	1.62	1.20	0.92	1.48
氨氮 NH₃(μmol·L^-1)	0.029	0.128	0.044	0.020
亚硝酸盐 NO₂^-(μmol·L^-1)	0.571	1.714	1.071	0.857

CD (mg·L^-1)	ΔT (℃)	春 Spring	夏 Summer	秋 Autumn	冬 Winter
1.0	0	25	30	35	20
	4	20	30	35	20
	8	20	25	30	15
	12	15	20	25	15
1.8	0	75	180	150	60
	4	60	150	120	45
	8	45	120	90	45
	12	45	120	60	30
3.2	0	150	960	2 160	2 160
	4	150	960	1 920	2 160
	8	120	720	1 480	1 720
	12	120	480	1 200	1 440
5.6	0	1 440	2 400	11 520	8 640
	4	1 440	1 920	10 080	7 200
	8	960	1 680	8 640	7 200
	12	960	1 440	7 200	5 760