Regionalization and distribution pattern of vegetation of Northeast China

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.12.001

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Our objectives were to consider a new scheme for vegetation regionalization of Northeast China, especially for vegetation in the Songliao Plain, and to illustrate the distribution pattern of vegetation as determined by altitude.
Methods We clustered the sites from Inner Mongolia steppe, east forest and central Songliao Plain with temperature, precipitation, soil types and underground water depth using principle component analysis (PCA). We also analyzed the physiognomy, topography of Northeastern China using GIS, vegetation types and soil types of Songnen Plain.
Important findings The dominant vegetation of Songliao Plain is meadow, an unzonal vegetation type. The Stipa communities, an indicator of the zonal vegetation type, mainly distributed on the second mesa in Songnen Plain, are a sandland vegetation type that is distributed discontinuously among meadow vegetation. Therefore, the vegetation of Songliao Plain should be regionalized as an area of temperate broad-leaved deciduous forest, and the east boundary of temperate steppe region should be moved toward to the west of the Da Hinggan Mountains. The vegetation distribution of Northeast China shows a vertical zonation determined by altitude.

Key words: distribution pattern, meadow, regionalization, Songnen grassland, vegetation of Northeast China

ZHOU Dao-Wei, ZHANG Zheng-Xiang, JIN Ying-Hua, WANG Ping, WANG Xue-Zhi. Regionalization and distribution pattern of vegetation of Northeast China[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2010, 34(12): 1359-1368.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.12.001

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2010/V34/I12/1359

Figures/Tables 9

Fig. 1 Schematic map of vegetation regionalization of Nor- theast China.

Table 1 Parameters matrix of principle component analysis (PCA)

	主成分1 PCA 1	主成分2 PCA 2	主成分3 PCA 3
最高温度 Maximum temperature	0.90	0.37	0.03
最低温度 Minimum temperature	0.95	0.24	0.02
平均温度 Average temperature	0.94	0.31	0.01
积温 Accumulated temperature	0.90	0.29	-0.26
降水量 Precipitation	0.41	-0.71	0.44
蒸发量 Evaporation	0.03	0.83	-0.36
距海距离 Distance to sea	-0.74	-0.11	-0.58
海拔 Altitude	-0.57	0.57	0.45
地下水深度 Depth of groundwater	-0.43	0.82	0.15
土壤类型 Soil type	-0.34	0.75	0.30

Fig. 2 The cluster pattern of Inner Mongolia steppe, Songliao Plain, and eastern forest of Northeast China. AD, Anda City; BC, Baicheng City; BLYQ, Bairin Youqi; BLZQ, Bairin Zuoqi; BP, Beipiao City; BX, Benxi City; CC, Changchun City; CL, Changling County; CT, Changtu County; DD, Dandong City; DH, Dunhua City; DM, Dorbod Mongolzu Autonomous County; DN, Dongning County; DWQ, Dong Ujimqin Qi; FS, Fusong County; FX, Fuxin City; FY, Fuyu County; FZ, Fangzheng County; HL1, Hailun City; HL2, Helong City; HN1, Huanan County; HN2, Huinan County; JC, Jiangchang County; JH, Jiaohe City; JL, Jilin City; JP, Jiangping County; KL, Kailu County; KLQ, Hure Qi; KP, Kangping County; KSKT, Hexigten Qi; KYZQ, Horqin Youyi Zhongqi; KZZQ, Horqin Zuoyi Zhongqi; LB, Luobei County; LH, Liuhe County; LX, Linxi County; ML, Muling City; NA, Ning’an City; NM, Naiman Qi; NJ, Nenjiang County; PJ, Panjin City; QG, Qianguo County; SL1, Shulan County; SL2, Shuangliao City; SW, Sunwu County; SY, Shenyang City; SZ, Shangzhi City; TL1, Tieli City; TL2, Tailai County; TY, Tongyu County; WLHT, Ullanhot City; XF, Xifeng County; XLHT, Xilinhot City; XM, Xinmin City; XWQ, Xi Ujimqin Qi; YC, Yichun City; YL, Yilan County; YS, Yushu City; ZD, Zhaodong County; ZLTQ, Jarud Qi; ZH, Zhuanghe County; ZW, Zhangwu County; ZZ, Zhaozhou County.

Fig. 3 The physiognomy of Northeast China and surroundings.

Fig. 4 The vegetation distribution of Songnen Plain (Revised from Li et al., 1982). The boxes with vertical dash line indicate different associations but the same subvegetation type. Vegetation: 1, forest (Ass. Quercus mongolica; Ass. Prumus sibirica); 2, meadow (Ass. forb, Ass. Calamagrostis adans, Ass. Calamagrostis amgustifolia, Ass. Carex sp., Ass. Phragmites communis); 3, Leymus chinensis community; 4, Stipa capillata community; Soil: 1, forest soil; 2, chernozem soil; 3, meadow soil and boggy soil; 4, black soil. CCZ, Changchun Zhen; CSP, Chengshanpu; LD, Lindian; LH, Longhe; LJDG, Lianjia Dagou; LYG, Laoyun Gou; NMEH, Namo’er He; NJ, Nenjiang; HWYNC, Hongwuyue Nongchang; QF, Qianfeng; QQHE, Qiqihar; TNH, Tongnan He; WJG, Wenjia Gou; WYEH, Wuyuer He; XKL, Xiaoke Lin;YA,Yi’an.

Fig. 5 Vegetation distribution of south Da Hinggan Mountains (Revised from Zhang et al., 2007).

Fig. 6 The section chart of topography of Northeast China. From Tian Lake of Changbai Mountain (right) to Hulun Lake (left), indicating the vegetation distribution along altitude.

Fig. 7 Distribution pattern of altitude zonation of vegetation in Northeast China (black broken line indicate the ridge of Da Hinggan Mountains and Qilaotu Mountains).

Fig. 8 The Salix sp. growing in meadow (Photographed by ZHOU Dao-Wei at 20 km north to Changling Town of Jilin Province in autumn, 2009).

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