Chin J Plant Ecol ›› 2020, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (2): 128-178.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0272
• Research Articles • Previous Articles
WANG Guo-Hong1,*(),FANG Jing-Yun1,2,GUO Ke1,XIE Zong-Qiang1,TANG Zhi-Yao2,SHEN Ze-Hao2,WANG Ren-Qing3,WANG Xiang-Ping4,WANG De-Li5,QIANG Sheng6,YU Dan7,PENG Shao-Lin8,DA Liang-Jun9,LIU Qing10,LIANG Cun-Zhu11
Received:
2019-10-15
Accepted:
2019-11-25
Online:
2020-02-20
Published:
2020-04-08
Contact:
Guo-Hong WANG
Supported by:
WANG Guo-Hong, FANG Jing-Yun, GUO Ke, XIE Zong-Qiang, TANG Zhi-Yao, SHEN Ze-Hao, WANG Ren-Qing, WANG Xiang-Ping, WANG De-Li, QIANG Sheng, YU Dan, PENG Shao-Lin, DA Liang-Jun, LIU Qing, LIANG Cun-Zhu. Contents and protocols for the classification and description of Vegetation Formations, Alliances and Associations of vegetation of China[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2020, 44(2): 128-178.
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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2019.0272
Fig. 2 Plot setting and quadrate coding for forest communities. The 20 m × 50 m plot is composed of 10 quadrates (A-J), each with an area of 10 m × 10 m. The shadowed quadrates (S1 and S2) are selected for shrub layer investigation, and subplots (H1-H5, 1 m × 1 m) are selected for herbaceous layer investigation. A buffer zone of 10-20 m at each side of the plot is necessary to keep the plot away from apparent human activities. Modified from Fang et al. (2009).
Fig. 3 Plot setting of shrub (grassland) communities (10 m × 10 m). Four subplots (S1-S4, 5 m × 5 m) for shrub layer and five subplots for herb layer (H1-H5, 1 m × 1 m) are selected for investigation within each 10 m × 10 m plot. A buffer zone of 10 m at each side of the plot is necessary to keep the plot away from apparent human activities (Fang et al., 2009).
Fig. 5 An illustration of strata showing growth forms of individual plants as delineated. ① mature trees, recorded as part of the tree stratum; ②, ③, ④ and ⑤ are bamboos, woody vines, parasitic plants and large shrubs that appear in the tree stratum, respectively, recorded as part of the tree stratum; ⑥ a plant having the shrub growth form but not projecting vertically into the tree stratum, recorded as part of the shrub stratum; ⑦ tall herbs although projecting vertically into the shrub stratum, recorded as part of the herb stratum; ⑧, ? and ? are samplings and bamboos that appear in the shrub and herb stratum, respectively, recorded as part of the corresponding stratum; ⑨ herb plants, recorded as part of the herb stratum; ⑩ mosses, recorded as part of the ground stratum (not delineated).
1 用于JUICE分析的数据表格( 2 JUICE软件导入数据路径: File—Import—Table。有7种文件格式可选, 常用“From Spreadsheet file (.csv)”或“From Clipboard as Spreadsheet”, 如果采用后者的导入方式, 则连续点击“Next”, 在盖度数据格式(Cover Values)中选择“Percentage Values”, 然后点击“Finish”。 3 数据导入完成后, 在“Analysis”栏目, 选择Twinspan或其他方法进行聚类分析, 分类结果要根据实际情况进行评估, 以确定出较为合理的分类方案。在调整分类方案过程中, 可使用“Shift+鼠标左键”添加或删除样方间的分割线, 用“Shift+鼠标右键”可以给一个或一组样方选择颜色。如有必要, 可启动聚类分析程序对特定颜色覆盖的样方进行再分类。由于中国植被分类专家系统没有建立起来, 目前只能根据样方资料、环境条件等因子对数量分类的结果进行评估或修正。分类结果表中默认的样方编码是系统自动生成的, 如果需要查看原始输入的样方号, 可在“Head”栏目中选择“Original Number”。 4 分类方案确定后, 点击“Synoptic Table”栏目, 选择“Percentage Frequency”, 可保证数据表中显示频率值; 选择“Fidelity”, 分类数据表中将显示特征值。在“Threshold Values”栏目可以设定相关阈值和对特征值进行Fisher检验的显著性水平(α = 0.05, 0.01, 0.001)。例如, 可设置诊断值25、50分别为低诊断值的特征种和高诊断值的特征种的阈值; 同样地, 可设置频率值60为常见种或恒有种的频率阈值; 可设置盖度值75为筛选单优势种的盖度阈值等。对不同属性的物种, 可在分类表中用不同的颜色显示。阈值设置完成后, 在“Synoptic Table”栏目, 点击“Sort Species in Synoptic Table”, 在出现的提示框中选择“Fidelity Measure ”, 点击“Sort”, 即可显示分类表。 5 计算并输出结果: 点击“Synoptic Table”, 在“Analysis of Columns of Synoptic Table”中, 可以设置相关阈值(如果已经设置, 此处可忽略), 点击“Export”—“Export Clusters 1-n” (n是分类单元的个数, 在程序中将显示具体数字), 将输出每个植被分类单元的特征种、常见种和优势种, 输出的文件名是“EXPORT.RTF”。连续点击“Close”和“Cancel”, 退出对话窗口。 6 数据输出路径: 点击File—Export, 在弹出窗口的第一行, 即显示输出文件“EXPORT.RTF”所在的路径。通过File—Export—Synoptic Table路径, 可输出分类表到带逗号的.csv文件, 此文件可以用Word和Excel进行编辑。 |
Box 1 Calculation procedures for JUICE program
1 用于JUICE分析的数据表格( 2 JUICE软件导入数据路径: File—Import—Table。有7种文件格式可选, 常用“From Spreadsheet file (.csv)”或“From Clipboard as Spreadsheet”, 如果采用后者的导入方式, 则连续点击“Next”, 在盖度数据格式(Cover Values)中选择“Percentage Values”, 然后点击“Finish”。 3 数据导入完成后, 在“Analysis”栏目, 选择Twinspan或其他方法进行聚类分析, 分类结果要根据实际情况进行评估, 以确定出较为合理的分类方案。在调整分类方案过程中, 可使用“Shift+鼠标左键”添加或删除样方间的分割线, 用“Shift+鼠标右键”可以给一个或一组样方选择颜色。如有必要, 可启动聚类分析程序对特定颜色覆盖的样方进行再分类。由于中国植被分类专家系统没有建立起来, 目前只能根据样方资料、环境条件等因子对数量分类的结果进行评估或修正。分类结果表中默认的样方编码是系统自动生成的, 如果需要查看原始输入的样方号, 可在“Head”栏目中选择“Original Number”。 4 分类方案确定后, 点击“Synoptic Table”栏目, 选择“Percentage Frequency”, 可保证数据表中显示频率值; 选择“Fidelity”, 分类数据表中将显示特征值。在“Threshold Values”栏目可以设定相关阈值和对特征值进行Fisher检验的显著性水平(α = 0.05, 0.01, 0.001)。例如, 可设置诊断值25、50分别为低诊断值的特征种和高诊断值的特征种的阈值; 同样地, 可设置频率值60为常见种或恒有种的频率阈值; 可设置盖度值75为筛选单优势种的盖度阈值等。对不同属性的物种, 可在分类表中用不同的颜色显示。阈值设置完成后, 在“Synoptic Table”栏目, 点击“Sort Species in Synoptic Table”, 在出现的提示框中选择“Fidelity Measure ”, 点击“Sort”, 即可显示分类表。 5 计算并输出结果: 点击“Synoptic Table”, 在“Analysis of Columns of Synoptic Table”中, 可以设置相关阈值(如果已经设置, 此处可忽略), 点击“Export”—“Export Clusters 1-n” (n是分类单元的个数, 在程序中将显示具体数字), 将输出每个植被分类单元的特征种、常见种和优势种, 输出的文件名是“EXPORT.RTF”。连续点击“Close”和“Cancel”, 退出对话窗口。 6 数据输出路径: 点击File—Export, 在弹出窗口的第一行, 即显示输出文件“EXPORT.RTF”所在的路径。通过File—Export—Synoptic Table路径, 可输出分类表到带逗号的.csv文件, 此文件可以用Word和Excel进行编辑。 |
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Table 2 Example data for environmental characteristics and supraterraneous stratifications of association groups and associations from a forest alliance
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A1 乔木层由青海云杉单优势种组成,相对优势度≥75%。 B1 苔藓层盖度≥20%,无灌木或有稀疏的灌木和草本植物(盖度<20%)。PC-I 青海云杉-苔藓 常绿针叶林 Picea crassifolia - Moss Evergreen Needleleaf Forest B2 林下灌木稀疏,草本层盖度≥20%;或兼有灌木层和草本层,二者的盖度≥20%。 C1 林下灌木稀疏,盖度<20%;草本层盖度≥20%。PC-II 青海云杉-草本 常绿针叶林 Picea crassifolia - Herb Evergreen Needleleaf Forest C2 林下有明显的灌木层和草本层,二者的盖度≥20%。PC-III 青海云杉-灌木-草本 常绿针叶林 Picea crassifolia - Shrub - Herb Evergreen Needleleaf Forest A2 乔木层除了青海云杉(相对优势度<75%)外,还有青扦、杜松、山杨和桦木等针阔叶乔木混生,组成共优势种。 B1 乔木层由青海云杉和青扦组成共优势种。PC-IV 青海云杉+青扦-灌木-草本 常绿针叶林 Picea crassifolia + Picea wilsonii - Shrub - Herb Evergreen Needleleaf Forest B2 乔木层由青海云杉、杜松和杨桦等阔叶乔木组成。PC-V 青海云杉-山杨-杜松-灌木-草本 针叶与阔叶混交林 Picea crassifolia - Populus davidiana - Juniperus rigida - Shrub - Herb Mixed Needleleaf and Broadleaf Forest |
Box 2 A part of the key to Picea crassifolia Forest Alliance
A1 乔木层由青海云杉单优势种组成,相对优势度≥75%。 B1 苔藓层盖度≥20%,无灌木或有稀疏的灌木和草本植物(盖度<20%)。PC-I 青海云杉-苔藓 常绿针叶林 Picea crassifolia - Moss Evergreen Needleleaf Forest B2 林下灌木稀疏,草本层盖度≥20%;或兼有灌木层和草本层,二者的盖度≥20%。 C1 林下灌木稀疏,盖度<20%;草本层盖度≥20%。PC-II 青海云杉-草本 常绿针叶林 Picea crassifolia - Herb Evergreen Needleleaf Forest C2 林下有明显的灌木层和草本层,二者的盖度≥20%。PC-III 青海云杉-灌木-草本 常绿针叶林 Picea crassifolia - Shrub - Herb Evergreen Needleleaf Forest A2 乔木层除了青海云杉(相对优势度<75%)外,还有青扦、杜松、山杨和桦木等针阔叶乔木混生,组成共优势种。 B1 乔木层由青海云杉和青扦组成共优势种。PC-IV 青海云杉+青扦-灌木-草本 常绿针叶林 Picea crassifolia + Picea wilsonii - Shrub - Herb Evergreen Needleleaf Forest B2 乔木层由青海云杉、杜松和杨桦等阔叶乔木组成。PC-V 青海云杉-山杨-杜松-灌木-草本 针叶与阔叶混交林 Picea crassifolia - Populus davidiana - Juniperus rigida - Shrub - Herb Mixed Needleleaf and Broadleaf Forest |
样方号 | 调查人 | 页数 | / | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
样格号 | 树号 | 树种 | 胸径/cm | 树高/m | 活枝下高/m | 冠幅/m | 备注 | |||
前期 | 当期 | EW | SN |
Appendix Table 1-2 Sample table for tree stratum of a plot
样方号 | 调查人 | 页数 | / | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
样格号 | 树号 | 树种 | 胸径/cm | 树高/m | 活枝下高/m | 冠幅/m | 备注 | |||
前期 | 当期 | EW | SN |
样方号 | 调查人 | 页数 | / | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
样格号 | 物种 | 基径/cm | 平均高度/cm | 冠幅a/cm | 冠幅b/cm | 株丛数 | 盖度/% | 备注 |
Appendix Table 1-3 Sample table for shrub stratum of a plot
样方号 | 调查人 | 页数 | / | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
样格号 | 物种 | 基径/cm | 平均高度/cm | 冠幅a/cm | 冠幅b/cm | 株丛数 | 盖度/% | 备注 |
样方号 | 调查人 | 页数 | / | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
小样方号 | 物种 | 多度 | 平均高度/cm | 盖度/% | 小样方总盖度/% | 备注 |
Appendix Table 1-4 Sample table for herb or ground stratum of a plot
样方号 | 调查人 | 页数 | / | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
小样方号 | 物种 | 多度 | 平均高度/cm | 盖度/% | 小样方总盖度/% | 备注 |
检索信息 | 编码 | 1 | 2 | …… |
---|---|---|---|---|
样方号 | ||||
植被类型 | 植被名称 | |||
地理分布 | 省区 | |||
地点 | ||||
纬度(° N) | ||||
经度(° E) | ||||
海拔(m) | ||||
生境信息 | 地形地貌 | |||
土壤类型 | ||||
土壤质地 | ||||
坡度(°) | ||||
坡向(°) | ||||
坡位 | ||||
水分状况 | ||||
植被起源 | ||||
演替阶段 | ||||
干扰信息 | 干扰类型 | |||
干扰强度 | ||||
乔木层 | 样方面积(m2) | |||
盖度 | 盖度(%) | |||
胸径 | 平均值(cm) | |||
最小值(cm) | ||||
最大值(cm) | ||||
高度 | 平均值(m) | |||
最小值(m) | ||||
最大值(m) | ||||
物种丰富度 | ||||
检索信息 | 编码 | 1 | 2 | …… |
灌木层 | 样方面积(m2) | |||
盖度 | 平均值(%) | |||
最小值(%) | ||||
最大值(%) | ||||
高度 | 平均值(cm) | |||
最小值(cm) | ||||
最大值(cm) | ||||
物种丰富度 | ||||
草本层 | 样方面积(m2) | |||
盖度 | 平均值(%) | |||
最小值(%) | ||||
最大值(%) | ||||
高度 | 平均值(cm) | |||
最小值(cm) | ||||
最大值(cm) | ||||
物种丰富度 | ||||
地被层 | 样方面积(m2) | |||
盖度 | 平均值(%) | |||
最小值(%) | ||||
最大值(%) | ||||
高度 | 平均值(cm) | |||
最小值(cm) | ||||
最大值(cm) | ||||
物种丰富度 | ||||
地表裸露度 | 地表裸露度(%) | |||
凋落物 | 凋落物厚度(cm) | |||
凋落物覆盖度(%) | ||||
调查人 | ||||
日期 | ||||
备注 |
Appendix Table 3 Plot basic information (This table is to be transposed in Excel)
检索信息 | 编码 | 1 | 2 | …… |
---|---|---|---|---|
样方号 | ||||
植被类型 | 植被名称 | |||
地理分布 | 省区 | |||
地点 | ||||
纬度(° N) | ||||
经度(° E) | ||||
海拔(m) | ||||
生境信息 | 地形地貌 | |||
土壤类型 | ||||
土壤质地 | ||||
坡度(°) | ||||
坡向(°) | ||||
坡位 | ||||
水分状况 | ||||
植被起源 | ||||
演替阶段 | ||||
干扰信息 | 干扰类型 | |||
干扰强度 | ||||
乔木层 | 样方面积(m2) | |||
盖度 | 盖度(%) | |||
胸径 | 平均值(cm) | |||
最小值(cm) | ||||
最大值(cm) | ||||
高度 | 平均值(m) | |||
最小值(m) | ||||
最大值(m) | ||||
物种丰富度 | ||||
检索信息 | 编码 | 1 | 2 | …… |
灌木层 | 样方面积(m2) | |||
盖度 | 平均值(%) | |||
最小值(%) | ||||
最大值(%) | ||||
高度 | 平均值(cm) | |||
最小值(cm) | ||||
最大值(cm) | ||||
物种丰富度 | ||||
草本层 | 样方面积(m2) | |||
盖度 | 平均值(%) | |||
最小值(%) | ||||
最大值(%) | ||||
高度 | 平均值(cm) | |||
最小值(cm) | ||||
最大值(cm) | ||||
物种丰富度 | ||||
地被层 | 样方面积(m2) | |||
盖度 | 平均值(%) | |||
最小值(%) | ||||
最大值(%) | ||||
高度 | 平均值(cm) | |||
最小值(cm) | ||||
最大值(cm) | ||||
物种丰富度 | ||||
地表裸露度 | 地表裸露度(%) | |||
凋落物 | 凋落物厚度(cm) | |||
凋落物覆盖度(%) | ||||
调查人 | ||||
日期 | ||||
备注 |
乔木层 t | 密度(株/600 m2)* | 胸径(cm) | 高度(m) | 频度(%) | 重要值 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
灌木层 s | 密度(株丛/100 m2) | 盖度(%) | 高度(cm) | 频度(%) | 重要值 | ||||
草本层 h | 密度(株丛/5 m2)或德氏多度 | 盖度(%) | 高度(cm) | 频度(%) | 重要值 | ||||
地被层 m | 盖度(%) | 高度(cm) | 频度(%) | 重要值 | |||||
样方号 | 层代码** | 中文名 | 拉丁名 | 层号 | |||||
样方1 | t | ||||||||
样方1 | t | ||||||||
样方1 | s | ||||||||
样方1 | s | ||||||||
样方1 | h | ||||||||
样方1 | h | ||||||||
样方1 | m | ||||||||
样方1 | m | ||||||||
… | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … |
Appendix Table 4 A summary for plot data
乔木层 t | 密度(株/600 m2)* | 胸径(cm) | 高度(m) | 频度(%) | 重要值 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
灌木层 s | 密度(株丛/100 m2) | 盖度(%) | 高度(cm) | 频度(%) | 重要值 | ||||
草本层 h | 密度(株丛/5 m2)或德氏多度 | 盖度(%) | 高度(cm) | 频度(%) | 重要值 | ||||
地被层 m | 盖度(%) | 高度(cm) | 频度(%) | 重要值 | |||||
样方号 | 层代码** | 中文名 | 拉丁名 | 层号 | |||||
样方1 | t | ||||||||
样方1 | t | ||||||||
样方1 | s | ||||||||
样方1 | s | ||||||||
样方1 | h | ||||||||
样方1 | h | ||||||||
样方1 | m | ||||||||
样方1 | m | ||||||||
… | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … |
群系或群系优势种科学名称 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
层号# | 样方1 (阿拉伯数字组合) | 样方2 | … | … | … | … | |
物种1 (拉丁名,下同) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 67* | 0 |
物种2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
… | … | … | … | … | … | … | … |
Appendix Table 5 Species by plot data
群系或群系优势种科学名称 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
层号# | 样方1 (阿拉伯数字组合) | 样方2 | … | … | … | … | |
物种1 (拉丁名,下同) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 67* | 0 |
物种2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
… | … | … | … | … | … | … | … |
中文 Chinese | 英文 English | 英文缩写 English abbreviation | 中文 Chinese | 英文 English | 英文缩写 English abbreviation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
冲积平原 | Alluvial Plain | AP | 沙地 | Sandland | SA |
三角洲 | Delta | D | 戈壁 | Gobi | GO |
冲积扇 | Alluvial Fan | AF | 风蚀残丘 | Deflation Monadnock | DM |
波状平原 | Wavy Plain | WP | 剥蚀台地 | Deflation Platform | DP |
台地 | Platform | PF | 雅丹 | Yardang Landform | YL |
洼地 | Depression | DE | 风蚀洼地 | Deflation Hollow | DH |
河谷 | Valley | VA | 冲沟 | Gully | GU |
山地 | Mountain | MO | 西坡 | Western Slope | W |
丘陵 | Hill | HI | 西北坡 | Northwestern Slope | NW |
高原 | Plateau | PL | 北坡 | Northern Slope | N |
喀斯特 | Karst | KA | 东北坡 | Northeastern Slope | NE |
冰川 | Glacier | GL | 东坡 | Eastern Slope | E |
阶地 | Terrace | TE | 东南坡 | Southeastern Slope | SE |
河漫滩 | Floodplain | FL | 南坡 | Southern Slope | S |
湖滩 | Lake Beach | LB | 西南坡 | Southwestern Slope | SW |
沼泽 | Swamp | SWA | 下坡 | Lower Slope | LS |
湖泊 | Lake | LA | 中坡 | Middle Slope | MS |
海滩 | Beach | BE | 上坡 | Upper Slope | US |
沙丘 | Dune | DU | 山顶或山脊 | Ridge | RI |
丘间洼地 | Inter-Dune Depression | ID |
Appendix Table 6 A list of commonly used terms of terrain and landform for the description of vegetation
中文 Chinese | 英文 English | 英文缩写 English abbreviation | 中文 Chinese | 英文 English | 英文缩写 English abbreviation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
冲积平原 | Alluvial Plain | AP | 沙地 | Sandland | SA |
三角洲 | Delta | D | 戈壁 | Gobi | GO |
冲积扇 | Alluvial Fan | AF | 风蚀残丘 | Deflation Monadnock | DM |
波状平原 | Wavy Plain | WP | 剥蚀台地 | Deflation Platform | DP |
台地 | Platform | PF | 雅丹 | Yardang Landform | YL |
洼地 | Depression | DE | 风蚀洼地 | Deflation Hollow | DH |
河谷 | Valley | VA | 冲沟 | Gully | GU |
山地 | Mountain | MO | 西坡 | Western Slope | W |
丘陵 | Hill | HI | 西北坡 | Northwestern Slope | NW |
高原 | Plateau | PL | 北坡 | Northern Slope | N |
喀斯特 | Karst | KA | 东北坡 | Northeastern Slope | NE |
冰川 | Glacier | GL | 东坡 | Eastern Slope | E |
阶地 | Terrace | TE | 东南坡 | Southeastern Slope | SE |
河漫滩 | Floodplain | FL | 南坡 | Southern Slope | S |
湖滩 | Lake Beach | LB | 西南坡 | Southwestern Slope | SW |
沼泽 | Swamp | SWA | 下坡 | Lower Slope | LS |
湖泊 | Lake | LA | 中坡 | Middle Slope | MS |
海滩 | Beach | BE | 上坡 | Upper Slope | US |
沙丘 | Dune | DU | 山顶或山脊 | Ridge | RI |
丘间洼地 | Inter-Dune Depression | ID |
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