Effects of Artemisia ordosica on the nitrogen uptake rate and proportion of associated herbaceous plants in the Mau Us Sandy Land

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0086

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Nitrogen is a key nutrient element for maintaining species diversity in plant communities. In nitrogen-limited desert ecosystems, the impact of interspecific interactions within sand-fixed plant communities on nitrogen uptake rates and distribution among different functional groups of plants remains unclear.
Methods A field experiment was conducted in the Mau Us Sandy Land, northern China, with two treatments: removal of Artemisia ordosica and a control that retained A. ordosica. Nitrogen uptake rate and proportion of nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, and glycine by three associated functional groups of herbaceous plants (annual herbaceous, perennial grasses, and perennial forbs) and the overall herbaceous community, were measured using ¹⁵N isotope labeling. Environmental factors, such as soil ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen, soluble organic nitrogen content, soil moisture, and plot light transmittance were also determined. Additionally, the relationships between nitrogen uptake rate, proportion and environmental factors for each functional group and herbaceous community were analyzed.
Important findings Inorganic nitrogen and micromolecular organic nitrogen were effective nitrogen sources for herbaceous plants in A. ordosica community. The preference of herbaceous plants for different forms of nitrogen followed the order: nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, and micromolecule organic nitrogen. After the removal of A. ordosica, the nitrogen uptake rate of annual herbaceous, perennial grasses, and the overall herbaceous community increased by 48.32%, 129.77%, and 55.53%, respectively, with perennial grasses showing a 10.65% increase in the proportion of nitrate nitrogen uptake. Artemisia ordosica affected the nitrogen uptake absorption mode of herbaceous plants by altering the microenvironment under the plants, particularly by reducing plot light transmittance and soil nitrate nitrogen content. Nitrogen uptake rate and proportion among different functional groups of herbaceous plants were influenced by various environmental factors, among which perennial grasses demonstrating flexible nitrogen source plasticity and higher nitrogen use efficiency. The study showed that the differentiated nitrogen acquisition strategies of herbaceous plants may be a crucial mechanism underlying that herbaceous plants in A. ordosica community coped with interspecific nitrogen competition and resource scarcity, thereby enhancing community stability and resilience. Perennial grasses, with flexible nitrogen source utilization and efficient absorption capabilities, may gradually become the dominant functional group as community succession. These findings may enhance the understanding of nutrient competition and species coexistence mechanisms in the typical sand-fixed community, which would provide scientific evidence for vegetation restoration and management in desertification areas.

Key words: plant-plant interaction, Artemisia ordosica, nitrogen uptake rate, nitrogen uptake proportion, Mau Us Sandy Land

MIAO Chun, LIU Liang, ZHU Guan-Nan, BAI Yu-Xuan, SHE Wei-Wei, QIN Shu-Gao, GUO Yan-Pei, ZHANG Yu-Qing. Effects of Artemisia ordosica on the nitrogen uptake rate and proportion of associated herbaceous plants in the Mau Us Sandy Land[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2025, 49(3): 446-459.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2024.0086

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2025/V49/I3/446

Figures/Tables 8

Fig. 1 Isotope injection for natural control and removal of Artemisia ordosica (A) and plot layout (B) in the Mau Us Sandy Land. CK, control treatment; 15N-Glycine, soil glycine labeled with 15N;15N-NH4+, soil ammonium nitrogen labeled with 15N; 15N-NO3-, soil nitrate nitrogen labeled with 15N; ReSH, removal of A. ordosica.

Table 1 Configurations of mixed solutions for isotope injection

混合溶液1 Mixed solution 1	混合溶液2 Mixed solution 2	混合溶液3 Mixed solution 3	混合溶液4 Mixed solution 4
¹⁵N-NH₄Cl	NH₄Cl	NH₄Cl	NH₄Cl
KNO₃	¹⁵N-KNO₃	KNO₃	KNO₃
Glycine	Glycine	¹⁵N-Glycine	Glycine

Fig. 2 Uptake rates of different nitrogen forms and total nitrogen by different functional groups of herbaceous plants (A), and uptake proportions of different nitrogen forms (B) in the Mau Us Sandy Land (mean ± SE). AS, annual herbaceous; CK, control treatment; NH4+-N, ammonium nitrogen; NO3--N, nitrate nitrogen; NUR, nitrogen uptake rate; PF, perennial forbs; PG, perennial grasses; ReSH, removal of Artemisia ordosica. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different functional groups (p < 0.05). ns, p > 0.1; #, p < 0.1; *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.

Fig. 3 Uptake rates of different nitrogen forms (A), total nitrogen uptake rate (B), and nitrogen uptake proportion (C) by the herbaceous plant community in the Mau Us Sandy Land (mean ± SE). CK, control treatment; COM, herbaceous community; NH4+-N, ammonium nitrogen; NO3--N, nitrate nitrogen; NUR, nitrogen uptake rate; ReSH, removal of Artemisia ordosica. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different nitrogen forms (p < 0.05). ns, p > 0.1; #, p < 0.1; **, p < 0.01.

Table 2 Soil ammonium nitrogen, soil nitrate nitrogen, soil soluble organic nitrogen contents, soil water content and plot light under different treatment plots in in the Mau Us Sandy Land (mean ± SE)

处理 Treatment	铵态氮含量 NH₄⁺-N content (mg·kg^-1)	硝态氮含量 NO₃^--N content (mg·kg^-1)	可溶性有机氮含量 DON content (mg·kg^-1)	土壤含水量 SWC (%)	透光率 Plot light
CK	0.15 ± 0.03^a	0.35 ± 0.05^b	0.80 ± 0.11^a	5.93 ± 0.32^a	0.35 ± 0.03^b
ReSH	0.17 ± 0.02^a	0.64 ± 0.08^a	1.08 ± 0.06^a	4.58 ± 0.29^b	0.53 ± 0.04^a

Fig. 4 Relationships between nitrogen uptake rates (NUR) of different functional groups of herbaceous plants and herbaceous plant community with soil water content, plot light, soil ammonium nitrogen, soil nitrate nitrogen, and soil organic nitrogen contents in the Mau Us Sandy Land. The solid lines indicate the linear fitting lines between the corresponding factors, and the shadows indicate 95% confidence intervals. AS, annual herbaceous; COM, herbaceous community; DON, soil dissolved organic nitrogen; NH4+-N, soil ammonium nitrogen; NO3--N, soil nitrate nitrogen; PF, perennial forbs; PG, perennial grasses; SWC, soil water content.

Fig. 5 Relationships between nitrogen uptake proportion of different functional groups of herbaceous plants and herbaceous plant community with plot light, soil water content, soil total nitrogen, soil ammonium nitrogen, soil nitrate nitrogen, and soil organic nitrogen contents in the Mau Us Sandy Land. AS, annual herbaceous; COM, herbaceous community; DON, soil dissolved organic nitrogen; Gly, soil glycine; NH4+-N, soil ammonium nitrogen; NO3--N, soil nitrate nitrogen; PF, perennial forbs; PG, perennial grasses; STN, soil total nitrogen; SWC, soil water content. #, p < 0.1; *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01.

Fig. 6 Key factor models and standardized total effects determining the nitrogen uptake rate (A, B) and nitrate nitrogen uptake proportion (C, D) of the herbaceous plant community in the Mau Us Sandy Land. Blue arrows indicate positive effects and red arrows indicate negative effects. Standardized path coefficients were shown next to each path with indicating significance. Response variables were explained by fixed effects (R2 marginal) and fixed effects with random effects (R2 conditional). Gly, glycine; NH4+-N, ammonium nitrogen; NO3--N, nitrate nitrogen. #, p < 0.1; *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01.

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