Species co-occurrence and distribution probability in Futian Mangrove Nature Reserve of Shenzhen Bay

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0323

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims The Shenzhen Bay Mangrove Nature Reserve is the only national nature reserve in China located within an urban area. Studying the potential biodiversity of urban mangrove wetlands, which are significantly impacted by human disturbance, can provide a pathway for the sustainable management of mangrove ecosystems.

Methods This study conducted an ecological survey of different areas (core/non-core) in the Shenzhen Bay Mangrove National Nature Reserve. Species co-occurrence and distribution probability was assessed using the hypergeometric method, and the vegetation characteristics of the area were analyzed based on the survey data.

Important findings (1) A total of nine mangrove species were mainly distributed in the Shenzhen Bay Mangrove Nature Reserve, with Kandelia obovata being the dominant species. In the core area, K. obovata had the highest importance value (IV) (mean = 81.2%), while its importance value in the non-core area was significantly lower, where Sonneratia apetala and S. caseolaris appeared. (2) In the Shenzhen Bay mangrove ecosystem, S. caseolaris and S. apetala exhibited a strong coexistence tendency, with a z-score value of 2.82. Meanwhile, S. apetalaand K. obovata displayed competitive exclusion, with a z-score value of -2.41. z-score values reflect non-random species co-occurrence patterns. (3) A significant positive correlation was found between the observed species diversity and the community completeness index in the Shenzhen Bay mangroves. The higher the community completeness, the higher the observed species diversity. Some non-core area plots are at risk of S. apetala spreading, and ecosystem management and protection should be strengthened. The distribution probability of K. obovata in the core area (0.51 ± 0.09) is significantly higher than that in the non-core area (0.41 ± 0.15). However, in certain plots of the core area, such as the plots in the mid-tide zones of transects 8, community completeness is relatively low. It is recommended to appropriately replant native mangroves to enhance species diversity.

Key words: mangrove, species co-occurrence, distribution probability, potential biodiversity

GUO Huan-Min, SHEN Xiao-Xue, LI Rui-Li. Species co-occurrence and distribution probability in Futian Mangrove Nature Reserve of Shenzhen Bay[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2025, 49(11): 1833-1843.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2024.0323

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2025/V49/I11/1833

Figures/Tables 9

Fig. 1 Location of sampling sites in Futian Mangrove Nature Reserve of Shenzhen Bay. 1-10 are belt transects ID.

Fig. 2 Potential biodiversity and observed biodiversity in the non-core and core areas of Futian Mangrove Nature Reserve of Shenzhen Bay (mean ± SE). The same lowercase letters indicate no significant differences in diversity indices among different regions (p > 0.05).

Fig. 3 Correlation between community completeness and species diversity in Futian Mangrove Nature Reserve of Shenzhen Bay.

Fig. 4 Important value of woody canopy mangrove plants in the non-core and core areas of Futian Mangrove Nature Reserve of Shenzhen Bay (mean ± SE). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in site-scale probability for the same species in the non-core and core areas (p < 0.05). Ac, Aegiceras corniculatum; Am, Avicennia marina; Bg, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza; Bs, B. sexangula; Ko, Kandelia obovata; Sa, Sonneratia apetala; Sc, S. caseolaris.

Fig. 5 Probability of observed (A), potential (B) species in site-specific species pool in Futian Mangrove Nature Reserve of Shenzhen Bay. Each grid represents one sampling site. Gray grid represents that the species is absent (A), observed (B) in the sampling site. Aa, Acrostichum aureum; Ac, Aegiceras corniculatum; Ai, Acanthus ilicifolius; Am, Avicennia marina; Bg, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza; Bs, B. sexangula; Ko, Kandelia obovata; Sa, Sonneratia apetala; Sc, S. caseolaris. H, M, and L denote sampling plots in the high, middle, and low tide zones, respectively. 1-10 are belt transects ID.

Table 1 Importance values of mangrove plants in Futian Mangrove Nature Reserve of Shenzhen Bay (mean ± SE)

物种 Species	相对多度 Relative abundance (%)	相对频度 Relative frequency (%)	相对优势度 Relative dominance (%)	重要值 Importance value (%)
非核心区 Non-core area
无瓣海桑 Sonneratia apetala	33.1 ± 1.9	48.9 ± 6.6	18.3 ± 5.6	33.4 ± 4.7
海莲 Bruguiera sexangula	1.5 ± 0.9	0.3 ± 0.1	12.7 ± 2.2	4.8 ± 1.1
海桑 Sonneratia caseolaris	11.7 ± 3.6	19.9 ± 14.6	15.9 ± 5.7	15.8 ± 7.5
木榄 Bruguiera gymnorrhiza	1.7 ± 0.7	0.4 ± 0.2	19.6 ± 9.2	7.2 ± 3.3
蜡烛果 Aegiceras corniculatum	18.3 ± 20.7	2.6 ± 3.7	22.4 ± 8.9	14.4 ± 10.6
秋茄树 Kandelia obovata	57.9 ± 35.8	52.0 ± 30.9	30.2 ± 10.9	46.7 ± 25.1^b
海榄雌 Avicennia marina	8.0 ± 5.6	22.5 ± 10.4	20.5 ± 9.4	17.0 ± 7.0^a
核心区 Core area
木榄 Bruguiera gymnorrhiza	0.6 ± 0.0	0.9 ± 0.0	20.0 ± 0.0	7.2 ± 0.0
蜡烛果 Aegiceras corniculatum	9.8 ± 1.3	1.9 ± 0.5	41.7 ± 11.8	17.8 ± 4.5
秋茄树 Kandelia obovata	92.7 ± 5.3	97.6 ± 0.4	53.3 ± 5.8	81.2 ± 3.8^a
海榄雌 Avicennia marina	0.9 ± 0.3	1.2 ± 0.1	18.3 ± 2.4	6.8 ± 0.6^b

Table 2 Distribution probability of 9 mangrove species in Futian Mangrove Nature Reserve of Shenzhen Bay (mean ± SE)

物种 Species	分布概率 Site-scale probability
物种 Species	整个研究区 All sites	核心区 Core area	非核心区 Non-core area
无瓣海桑 Sonneratia apetala	0.30 ± 0.21	0.24 ± 0.12	0.33 ± 0.25
卤蕨 Acrostichum aureum	0.62 ± 0.11	0.69 ± 0.11^a	0.59 ± 0.10^b
海莲 Bruguiera sexangula	0.58 ± 0.12	0.62 ± 0.09	0.56 ± 0.13
海桑 Sonneratia caseolaris	0.37 ± 0.20	0.32 ± 0.14	0.40 ± 0.23
木榄 Bruguiera gymnorrhiza	0.65 ± 0.10	0.66 ± 0.07	0.64 ± 0.11
蜡烛果 Aegiceras corniculatum	0.57 ± 0.10	0.55 ± 0.09	0.58 ± 0.10
老鼠簕 Acanthus ilicifolius	0.50 ± 0.00	0.50 ± 0.00	0.50 ± 0.00
秋茄树 Kandelia obovata	0.44 ± 0.14	0.51 ± 0.09^a	0.41 ± 0.15^b
海榄雌 Avicennia marina	0.38 ± 0.07	0.37 ± 0.04	0.38 ± 0.07

Fig. 6 Distribution probability of 9 mangrove species in the non-core and core areas of Futian Mangrove Nature Reserve of Shenzhen Bay (mean ± SE). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in distribution probability for the same species in the non-core and core areas (p < 0.05). Aa, Acrostichum aureum; Ac, Aegiceras corniculatum; Ai, Acanthus ilicifolius; Am, Avicennia marina; Bg, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza; Bs, B. sexangula; Ko, Kandelia obovata; Sa, Sonneratia apetala; Sc, S. caseolaris.

Fig. 7 Relationship among of the 9 mangrove species in Futian Mangrove Nature Reserve of Shenzhen Bay. Aa, Acrostichum aureum; Ac, Aegiceras corniculatum; Ai, Acanthus ilicifolius; Am, Avicennia marina; Bg, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza; Bs, B. sexangula; Ko, Kandelia obovata; Sa, Sonneratia apetala; Sc, S. caseolaris. z-score values less than 0 indicate a negative correlation, values greater than 0 indicate a positive correlation, and values equal to 0 represent random cooccurrence. The z-scores along the diagonal are meaningless for comparison and have been marked with “-”.

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