Effects of plateau pika disturbance on the niche and interspecific associations of major plant species in alpine rangelands

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0447

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims To investigate the effects of plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) disturbance on niche breadth, niche overlap, ecological response rate, and interspecific associations of dominant plant species in alpine meadows can provide a scientific basis for the conservation and management of alpine meadow ecosystems.

Methods From July to August 2020, disturbed and undisturbed plots were established across six typical alpine meadow regions located in the south-central part of Xizang, China. Plant species composition, individual abundance, and distribution were recorded through field surveys and quadrat sampling methods. Levins’ formula was applied to calculate species niche breadth. Pianka’s index was used to determine niche overlap, while ecological response rates were computed to assess resource competition dynamics among species. Additionally, the variance ratio method combined with 2 × 2 contingency table chi-square tests was employed to analyze interspecific associations.

Important findings The disturbance caused by plateau pikas significantly influenced the niche characteristics and interspecific associations of dominant plant species. Under disturbance conditions, broad-niche species (e.g., Carex parvula, Carex alatauensis, and Potentilla saundersiana) maintained larger niche breadths, while narrow-niche species (e.g., Lagotis crassifolia and Phyllolobium milingense) exhibited significantly reduced niche breadths. Overall niche overlap values decreased under disturbance, indicating reduced competitive pressures among species. Analysis of ecological response rates revealed that species generally exhibited negative feedback mechanisms under disturbance conditions, which contributed to community stability. In contrast, positive feedback mechanisms dominated in undisturbed conditions, potentially leading to excessive expansion of certain species. Interspecific association analysis demonstrated that positive associations increased and negative associations decreased under disturbance conditions, facilitating synergistic interactions and coexistence among species. Plateau pika disturbance can alter the structure and function of alpine meadow plant communities by influencing plant niche characteristics and interspecific associations, thereby promoting resource differentiation and niche differentiation among species while reducing competition intensity within the community. Therefore, moderate plateau pika disturbance may be beneficial for enhancing community stability and species diversity. In the conservation and management of alpine meadow ecosystems, it is recommended to comprehensively consider the ecological role of plateau pikas and formulate rational management strategies accordingly.

Key words: plateau pika, alpine meadow, niche breadth, niche overlap, interspecific association

LIU Yang, LIU Ao, SONG Xuan-Zi, YANG Yun, AN Bai-Heng, HAN Meng-Jiao, Banma-Caigeer , Migmar-Wangdwei. Effects of plateau pika disturbance on the niche and interspecific associations of major plant species in alpine rangelands[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2025, 49(12): 2054-2068.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2024.0447

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2025/V49/I12/2054

Figures/Tables 9

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编号 No.	物种 Species	干扰 Disturbed		未干扰 Undisturbed
编号 No.	物种 Species	重要值 Important value (%)	生态位宽度 Niche width	重要值 Important value (%)	生态位宽度 Niche width
S01	木根香青 Anaphalis xylorhiza	3.92	0.37	2.42	0.30
S02	矮生嵩草 Carex alatauensis	8.48	0.78	10.04	0.91
S03	高山嵩草 Carex parvula	10.65	0.94	13.36	1.00
S04	蓝钟花 Cyananthus hookeri	2.54	0.25	2.42	0.30
S05	厚叶兔耳草 Lagotis crassifolia	2.06	0.18	2.42	0.19
S06	肉果草 Lancea tibetica	7.70	0.73	7.07	0.63
S07	弱小火绒草 Leontopodium pusillum	6.39	0.65	7.25	0.64
S08	独一味 Phlomoides rotata	4.27	0.39	9.47	0.72
S09	米林蔓黄耆 Phyllolobium milingense	4.60	0.46	5.38	0.43
S10	钉柱委陵菜 Potentilla saundersiana	8.22	0.74	12.07	0.98

编号 No.	物种 Species	干扰 Disturbed		未干扰 Undisturbed
编号 No.	物种 Species	重要值 Important value (%)	生态位宽度 Niche width	重要值 Important value (%)	生态位宽度 Niche width
S01	木根香青 Anaphalis xylorhiza	3.92	0.37	2.42	0.30
S02	矮生嵩草 Carex alatauensis	8.48	0.78	10.04	0.91
S03	高山嵩草 Carex parvula	10.65	0.94	13.36	1.00
S04	蓝钟花 Cyananthus hookeri	2.54	0.25	2.42	0.30
S05	厚叶兔耳草 Lagotis crassifolia	2.06	0.18	2.42	0.19
S06	肉果草 Lancea tibetica	7.70	0.73	7.07	0.63
S07	弱小火绒草 Leontopodium pusillum	6.39	0.65	7.25	0.64
S08	独一味 Phlomoides rotata	4.27	0.39	9.47	0.72
S09	米林蔓黄耆 Phyllolobium milingense	4.60	0.46	5.38	0.43
S10	钉柱委陵菜 Potentilla saundersiana	8.22	0.74	12.07	0.98

物种编号 Species No.	S01	S02	S03	S04	S05	S06	S07	S08	S09	S10
S01	1.000
S02	0.547	1.000
S03	0.577	0.913	1.000
S04	0.254	0.451	0.524	1.000
S05	0.146	0.361	0.435	0.074	1.000
S06	0.628	0.861	0.853	0.422	0.374	1.000
S07	0.586	0.748	0.769	0.225	0.451	0.660	1.000
S08	0.517	0.634	0.668	0.103	0.376	0.749	0.613	1.000
S09	0.365	0.585	0.625	0.290	0.090	0.430	0.667	0.313	1.000
S10	0.561	0.816	0.901	0.327	0.290	0.803	0.767	0.725	0.683	1.000

物种编号 Species No.	S01	S02	S03	S04	S05	S06	S07	S08	S09	S10
S01	1.000
S02	0.547	1.000
S03	0.577	0.913	1.000
S04	0.254	0.451	0.524	1.000
S05	0.146	0.361	0.435	0.074	1.000
S06	0.628	0.861	0.853	0.422	0.374	1.000
S07	0.586	0.748	0.769	0.225	0.451	0.660	1.000
S08	0.517	0.634	0.668	0.103	0.376	0.749	0.613	1.000
S09	0.365	0.585	0.625	0.290	0.090	0.430	0.667	0.313	1.000
S10	0.561	0.816	0.901	0.327	0.290	0.803	0.767	0.725	0.683	1.000

物种编号 Species No.	S01	S02	S03	S04	S05	S06	S07	S08	S09	S10
S01	1.000
S02	0.433	1.000
S03	0.544	0.954	1.000
S04	0.333	0.519	0.544	1.000
S05	0.152	0.512	0.433	0.910	1.000
S06	0.457	0.712	0.793	0.572	0.468	1.000
S07	0.600	0.751	0.802	0.273	0.099	0.767	1.000
S08	0.626	0.767	0.851	0.626	0.490	0.882	0.830	1.000
S09	0.236	0.551	0.654	0.236	0.000	0.210	0.401	0.305	1.000
S10	0.446	0.952	0.989	0.574	0.479	0.765	0.730	0.811	0.685	1.000