Patterns of variations in leaf turgor pressure and responses to environmental factors in Populus tomentosa

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2018.0097

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims In this study, the patterns of variations in leaf turgor pressure and responses to environmental factors were investigated in Populus tomentosa, in order to provide a theoretical basis for guiding irrigation using leaf turgor pressure as a water stress indicator.

Methods The study was conducted in a two-year-old Populus tomentosaplantation under surface drip irrigation. Leaf patch clamp pressure (P_p) was continuously monitored in treatments of full irrigation (FI) and control (CK). Soil temperature (T_s), soil water potential (Ψ_s), sap flow velocity (V_SF) and meteorological factors were monitored simultaneously. The patterns of variations in leaf turgor pressure and relationships between P_p and environmental factors of P. tomentosa under different water treatments were analyzed.

Important findings The P_p values exhibited a clear pattern of “daytime high and nighttime low” with varying weather conditions, and the width of peak signals in P_p was greatest in sunny days. The positive relationships between normalized leaf patch pressure (ΔP_p) and V_SF fitted a polynomial function under different weather conditions, with R² values ranked in the order of sunny days (0.87) > cloudy days (0.72) > rainy days (0.31). Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), air temperature (T_a), relative air humidity (RH), and vapor pressure deficiency (VPD) were predominant environmental factors affecting P_p, especially PAR. Hysteresis was found between ΔP_p and different environmental factors, and the size of the hysteresis loop differed between the two irrigation treatments. There were significant differences in the shapes of P_p curves between the irrigation treatments. In conclusion, the variations of leaf turgor pressure were closely related to environmental factors in P. tomentosa, and there was a high degree of synergistic change with the sap flow on sunny days. Therefore, leaf turgor pressure can potentially serve as a diagnostic indicator of water deficit.

http://jtp.cnki.net/bilingual/detail/html/ZWSB201807005

Key words: leaf turgor pressure, ZIM-probe, sap flow velocity, water stress, Populus tomentosa

LI Dou-Dou, XI Ben-Ye, WANG Fei, JIA Su-Ping, ZHAO Hong-Lin, HE Yue-Lin, LIU Yang, JIA Li-Ming. Patterns of variations in leaf turgor pressure and responses to environmental factors in Populus tomentosa[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2018, 42(7): 741-751.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2018.0097

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2018/V42/I7/741

Figures/Tables 9

Table 1 Basic physical and chemical characteristics of the soil at the experimental site

土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)	颗粒组成 Particle size distribution (%)			质地¹⁾Texture¹⁾	容重 Bulk density (g?cm^-3)	田间持水量 Field water- holding capacity (cm³·cm^-3)	饱和含水量 Saturated water content (cm³·cm^-3)	有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)	速效磷 Available phosphorus (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available potassium (mg·kg^-1)
土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)	砂粒 Sand	粉粒 Silt	黏粒 Clay	质地¹⁾Texture¹⁾	容重 Bulk density (g?cm^-3)	田间持水量 Field water- holding capacity (cm³·cm^-3)	饱和含水量 Saturated water content (cm³·cm^-3)	有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)	速效磷 Available phosphorus (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available potassium (mg·kg^-1)
0-50	61.79	35.52	2.70	砂壤土 Sandy loam	1.41	0.34	0.44	4.7	7.26	44.42
50-140	63.92	33.69	2.39	砂壤土 Sandy loam	1.43	0.36	0.45	2.3	0.97	27.85
140-300	29.62	65.54	4.84	粉壤土 Silt loam	1.46	0.35	0.44	2.6	1.63	41.98

Fig. 1 Diagram of ZIM-probe structure and working principle. Pc, the turgor in the leaf patch; Pclamp, the pressure by the magnets on the leaf patch; Pp , the pressure of difference between Pc and Pclamp.

Fig. 2 Variations of soil water potential at 20 cm depth and 0 cm distance from a dripper in treatments of full irrigation (FI) and control (CK).

Fig. 3 Diurnal changes of leaf patch clamp pressure (Pp) and environmental factors. I-1, 2, 3 and II-1, 2, 3 represent 3 ZIM-probes on leaves of the 1st and 2nd sample trees in the full irrigation (FI) treatment, respectively.

Fig. 4 Diurnal changes in leaf patch clamp pressure (Pp) and sap flow velocity (VSF) under different weather conditions in the full irrigation (FI) treatment.

Fig. 5 Correlation analysis between normalized leaf patch clamp pressure (ΔPp) and environmental factors. Hourly average ΔPp from June 1st to 12th in the full irrigation (FI) treatment.

Table 2 Correlation analysis between daily normalized leaf patch clamp pressure (ΔPp) and environmental factors

环境因子 Environmental factors	光合有效辐射 Photosynthetically active radiation	空气温度 Air temperature	风速 Wind speed	空气相对湿度 Relative air humidity	饱和水气压差 Vapor pressure deficiency	土壤温度 Soil temperature
相关系数 Correlation coefficient	-0.080	0.066	0.313	-0.332	0.236	0.287
显著性水平 Sig.	0.804	0.838	0.321	0.291	0.461	0.365

Fig. 6 Variations in leaf patch clamp pressure (Pp) curves under different water treatments. The red arrow shows irrigation in the full irrigation (FI) treatment; nocturnal hours (18:00-6:00) are marked by grey columns, and the period of June 10th-12th is marked by red rectangle when significant difference of Pp peaks occurs between the full irrigation (FI) and control (CK) treatments.

Fig. 7 Hysteresis between normalized leaf patch clamp pressure (ΔPp) and environmental factors. Hourly average ΔPp from June 1st to 12th in full irrigation (FI) and control (CK) treatments, respectively.

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