Difference in δ13C and gas exchange parameters among Populus tomentosa clones

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.02.005

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Fast, efficient breeding of fast-growth and high water use efficiency (WUE) in Populus tomentosa clones is a pressing need for afforestation in arid and semi-arid regions. There is much research on the correlation between stable carbon isotope and WUE in crops and a few trees, but little in different clones of P. tomentosa. Our objective was to explore the application of δ¹³C on selection of clones with high photosynthesis and WUE.

Methods We examined 13 clones of Populus-grafted seedlings in Beijing Forestry University (39°46′ N, 116°19′ E) Nursery in Beijing, China. We studied leaf δ¹³C of the seedlings by MAT-251-MS in two different growth periods (mid-July and September) and gas exchange parameters (net photosynthetic rate (P_n), transpiration rate (T_r), instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE_i), stomatal conductance (G_s) and intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i)) by LI-6400 portable photosynthesis system between 9:30 and 11:30 a.m. in the same periods.

Important findings Leaf δ¹³C, T_r, WUE_i, G_s and C_i significantly differed between the periods and among clones. Leaf δ¹³C and WUE_i were higher in July than September; however, T_r, G_s and C_i were lower in July than September and P_n showed no significant difference between periods. The main reason for the difference of leaf δ¹³C was seasonal variation. Leaf δ¹³C and WUE_i of the clones were consistent during the same period, i.e, the higher WUE_i appeared in clones of 30, 42, 46, 83, BL2 and BL5 with higher δ¹³C and the lower WUE_i occurred in clones of B331 and TG34 with lower δ¹³C. There was strong positive correlation between δ¹³C and WUE_i (r = 0.739 0 and 0.545 8 in July and September, respectively); therefore, high δ¹³C can be used as an effective indicator of high WUE_i in Populus. Clones with higher WUE_i may have moderate or low G_s and C_i, but not necessarily high P_n.

Key words: δ¹³C, clones, gas exchange parameters, Populus tomentosa, water use efficiency

HE Qian, LI Ji-Yue, SHEN Ying-Bai, CHEN Xiao-Yang, SHANG Fu-Hua, HU Lei, ZHANG Zhi-Yi. Difference in δ¹³C and gas exchange parameters among Populus tomentosa clones[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2010, 34(2): 144-150.

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Figures/Tables 7

References 24

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差异源 Source of variance	平方和 SS	自由度 df	均方 MS	F值 F value
时期 Period	22.13	1.00	22.13	324.63^**
无性系 Clone	26.08	12.00	2.17	31.88^**
交互 Interaction	9.14	12.00	0.76	11.18
误差 Random error	3.55	52.00	0.07
总计 Total	60.90	77.00

差异源 Source of variance	平方和 SS	自由度 df	均方 MS	F值 F value
时期 Period	22.13	1.00	22.13	324.63^**
无性系 Clone	26.08	12.00	2.17	31.88^**
交互 Interaction	9.14	12.00	0.76	11.18
误差 Random error	3.55	52.00	0.07
总计 Total	60.90	77.00

时期 Period	无性系 Clone	净光合速率 Net photosynthetic rate (P_n) (μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1)	蒸腾速率 Transpiration rate (T_r) (mmol·m^-2·s^-1g H₂O·g^-1DW)	瞬时水分利用效率 Instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE_i) (μmolCO₂·mmolH₂O^-1)	气孔导度 Stomatal conductance (G_s) (mmol·m^-2·s^-1)	胞间CO₂浓度 Intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i) (mmol·mol^-1)
7月 July	20	13.6 ± 1.1^c	4.15 ± 0.05^ab	3.17 ± 0.26^ab	0.32 ± 0.01	298 ± 8^bc
	26	13.4 ± 0.9^c	4.34 ± 0.12^ab	3.09 ± 0.13^ab	0.37 ± 0.02^ab	312 ± 3^b
	28	11.7 ± 0.8^c	4.35 ± 0.23^ab	2.69 ± 0.20^b	0.32 ± 0.03^ab	312 ± 7^b
	30	16.3 ± 1.5^bc	4.81 ± 0.13^a	3.38 ± 0.22^ab	0.40 ± 0.02^a	298 ± 6^bc
	42	11.1 ± 1.0^ab	3.28 ± 0.40^b	3.37 ± 0.26^ab	0.23 ± 0.04^b	289 ± 12^c
	46	11.3 ± 0.3^a	3.12 ± 0.70^ab	3.61 ± 0.97^a	0.22 ± 0.06^b	271 ± 35^c
	83	13.7 ± 0.7^abc	3.90 ± 0.10^ab	3.50 ± 0.22^a	0.28 ± 0.01^ab	300 ± 6^b
	1316	12.3 ± 0.8^c	4.29 ± 0.21^ab	2.86 ± 0.08^b	0.32 ± 0.03^ab	292 ± 2^c
	B331	9.0 ± 0.2^c	3.48 ± 0.13^ab	2.61 ± 0.06^b	0.26 ± 0.02^ab	324 ± 3^ab
	BL2	12.9 ± 1.3^bc	4.22 ± 0.22^ab	3.04 ± 0.16^ab	0.31 ± 0.03^ab	298 ± 2^bc
	BL5	12.8 ± 0.7^bc	4.00 ± 0.45^ab	3.28 ± 0.28^ab	0.30 ± 0.05^ab	297 ± 11^bc
	BT17	13.9 ± 0.6^c	4.41 ± 0.17^ab	3.05 ± 0.32^ab	0.32 ± 0.02^ab	303 ± 9^bc
	TG34	10.7 ± 0.8^c	3.92 ± 0.22^ab	2.73 ± 0.12^b	0.29 ± 0.03^ab	328 ± 3^a
	平均值 Mean	12.5	4.02	3.11	0.30	302
9月 September	20	13.4 ± 0.57^a	4.09 ± 0.06^a	3.17 ± 0.11^ab	0.25 ± 0.02^ab	253 ± 7^ab
	26	10.8 ± 1.36^ab	2.99 ± 0.43^bc	3.59 ± 0.37^ab	0.21 ± 0.04^ab	228 ± 15^b
	28	13.3 ± 2.38^a	4.05 ± 0.44^a	3.41 ± 0.96^ab	0.26 ± 0.01^a	252 ± 23^ab
	30	12.6 ± 1.00^a	3.54 ± 0.10^ab	3.56 ± 0.01^ab	0.19 ± 0.01^ab	229 ± 10^b
	42	12.3 ± 2.14^a	3.19 ± 0.25^ab	3.86 ± 0.41^ab	0.21 ± 0.01^ab	246 ± 17^ab
	46	11.4 ± 1.53^ab	3.08 ± 0.28^ab	3.71 ± 0.24^ab	0.18 ± 0.03^ab	246 ± 19^ab
	83	12.5 ± 0.70^a	3.17 ± 0.07^bc	4.06 ± 0.25^a	0.17 ± 0.07^ab	218 ± 13^b
	1316	13.6 ± 1.96^a	3.83 ± 0.41^ab	3.54 ± 0.17^ab	0.24 ± 0.04^a	258 ± 9^ab
	B331	8.3 ± 3.58^b	2.91 ± 0.26^ab	2.83 ± 0.68^ab	0.18 ± 0.05^ab	267 ± 17^a
	BL2	11.9 ± 0.79^ab	2.89 ± 0.17^bc	4.11 ± 0.18^a	0.16 ± 0.02^b	250 ± 6^ab
	BL5	11.1 ± 0.19^ab	2.88 ± 0.27^bc	3.91 ± 0.35^ab	0.15 ± 0.04^ab	241 ± 11^ab
	BT17	12.0 ± 1.34^ab	3.27 ± 0.38^bc	3.54 ± 0.73^ab	0.19 ± 0.02^ab	265 ± 25^a
	TG34	8.2 ± 1.03^b	2.97 ± 0.14^c	2.73 ± 0.30^b	0.23 ± 0.02^ab	260 ± 5^a
	平均值 Mean	11.7	3.30	3.56	0.20	2.48

时期 Period	无性系 Clone	净光合速率 Net photosynthetic rate (P_n) (μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1)	蒸腾速率 Transpiration rate (T_r) (mmol·m^-2·s^-1g H₂O·g^-1DW)	瞬时水分利用效率 Instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE_i) (μmolCO₂·mmolH₂O^-1)	气孔导度 Stomatal conductance (G_s) (mmol·m^-2·s^-1)	胞间CO₂浓度 Intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i) (mmol·mol^-1)
7月 July	20	13.6 ± 1.1^c	4.15 ± 0.05^ab	3.17 ± 0.26^ab	0.32 ± 0.01	298 ± 8^bc
	26	13.4 ± 0.9^c	4.34 ± 0.12^ab	3.09 ± 0.13^ab	0.37 ± 0.02^ab	312 ± 3^b
	28	11.7 ± 0.8^c	4.35 ± 0.23^ab	2.69 ± 0.20^b	0.32 ± 0.03^ab	312 ± 7^b
	30	16.3 ± 1.5^bc	4.81 ± 0.13^a	3.38 ± 0.22^ab	0.40 ± 0.02^a	298 ± 6^bc
	42	11.1 ± 1.0^ab	3.28 ± 0.40^b	3.37 ± 0.26^ab	0.23 ± 0.04^b	289 ± 12^c
	46	11.3 ± 0.3^a	3.12 ± 0.70^ab	3.61 ± 0.97^a	0.22 ± 0.06^b	271 ± 35^c
	83	13.7 ± 0.7^abc	3.90 ± 0.10^ab	3.50 ± 0.22^a	0.28 ± 0.01^ab	300 ± 6^b
	1316	12.3 ± 0.8^c	4.29 ± 0.21^ab	2.86 ± 0.08^b	0.32 ± 0.03^ab	292 ± 2^c
	B331	9.0 ± 0.2^c	3.48 ± 0.13^ab	2.61 ± 0.06^b	0.26 ± 0.02^ab	324 ± 3^ab
	BL2	12.9 ± 1.3^bc	4.22 ± 0.22^ab	3.04 ± 0.16^ab	0.31 ± 0.03^ab	298 ± 2^bc
	BL5	12.8 ± 0.7^bc	4.00 ± 0.45^ab	3.28 ± 0.28^ab	0.30 ± 0.05^ab	297 ± 11^bc
	BT17	13.9 ± 0.6^c	4.41 ± 0.17^ab	3.05 ± 0.32^ab	0.32 ± 0.02^ab	303 ± 9^bc
	TG34	10.7 ± 0.8^c	3.92 ± 0.22^ab	2.73 ± 0.12^b	0.29 ± 0.03^ab	328 ± 3^a
	平均值 Mean	12.5	4.02	3.11	0.30	302
9月 September	20	13.4 ± 0.57^a	4.09 ± 0.06^a	3.17 ± 0.11^ab	0.25 ± 0.02^ab	253 ± 7^ab
	26	10.8 ± 1.36^ab	2.99 ± 0.43^bc	3.59 ± 0.37^ab	0.21 ± 0.04^ab	228 ± 15^b
	28	13.3 ± 2.38^a	4.05 ± 0.44^a	3.41 ± 0.96^ab	0.26 ± 0.01^a	252 ± 23^ab
	30	12.6 ± 1.00^a	3.54 ± 0.10^ab	3.56 ± 0.01^ab	0.19 ± 0.01^ab	229 ± 10^b
	42	12.3 ± 2.14^a	3.19 ± 0.25^ab	3.86 ± 0.41^ab	0.21 ± 0.01^ab	246 ± 17^ab
	46	11.4 ± 1.53^ab	3.08 ± 0.28^ab	3.71 ± 0.24^ab	0.18 ± 0.03^ab	246 ± 19^ab
	83	12.5 ± 0.70^a	3.17 ± 0.07^bc	4.06 ± 0.25^a	0.17 ± 0.07^ab	218 ± 13^b
	1316	13.6 ± 1.96^a	3.83 ± 0.41^ab	3.54 ± 0.17^ab	0.24 ± 0.04^a	258 ± 9^ab
	B331	8.3 ± 3.58^b	2.91 ± 0.26^ab	2.83 ± 0.68^ab	0.18 ± 0.05^ab	267 ± 17^a
	BL2	11.9 ± 0.79^ab	2.89 ± 0.17^bc	4.11 ± 0.18^a	0.16 ± 0.02^b	250 ± 6^ab
	BL5	11.1 ± 0.19^ab	2.88 ± 0.27^bc	3.91 ± 0.35^ab	0.15 ± 0.04^ab	241 ± 11^ab
	BT17	12.0 ± 1.34^ab	3.27 ± 0.38^bc	3.54 ± 0.73^ab	0.19 ± 0.02^ab	265 ± 25^a
	TG34	8.2 ± 1.03^b	2.97 ± 0.14^c	2.73 ± 0.30^b	0.23 ± 0.02^ab	260 ± 5^a
	平均值 Mean	11.7	3.30	3.56	0.20	2.48

气体交换参数 Gas exchange parameter	差异源 Source of variance	平方和 SS	自由度 df	均方 MS	F值 F value
净光合速率 Net photosynthetic rate (P_n)	时期 Period	0.53	1	0.53	0.13
	无性系 Clones	250.68	12	20.89	5.25^**
	时期×无性系 Period × Clone	104.84	12	8.74	2.19
	机误 Random error	207.07	52	3.98
	总计 Total	563.11	77
蒸腾速率 Transpiration rate (T_r)	时期 Period	9.02	1	9.02	37.86^**
	无性系 Clone	13.83	12	1.15	4.84^**
	时期×无性系 Period × Clone	10.53	12	0.88	3.68
	机误Random error	12.39	52	0.24
	总计 Total	45.77	77
瞬时水分利用效率 Instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE_i)	时期 Period	2.80	1	2.80	7.62^**
	无性系 Clone	11.04	12	0.92	2.50^*
	时期×无性系 Period × Clone	7.57	12	0.63	1.72
	机误 Random error	19.10	52	0.37
	总计 Total	40.51	77
气孔导度 Stomatal conductance (G_s)	时期 Period	0.32	1	0.32	102.31^**
	无性系 Clone	0.13	12	0.01	3.50^**
	时期×无性系 Period × Clone	0.09	12	0.01	2.46
	机误 Random error	0.16	52	0.00
	总计 Total	0.70	77
胞间CO₂浓度 Intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i)	时期 Period	64 538.98	1	64 538.98	134.51^**
	无性系 Clone	13 726.95	12	1 143.91	2.38^*
	时期×无性系 Period × Clone	8 621.93	12	718.49	1.50
	机误 Random error	24 949.33	52	479.79
	总计 Total	111 837.19	77

Difference in δ¹³C and gas exchange parameters among Populus tomentosa clones

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时期 Period	参数 Parameter	净光合速率 Net photosynthetic rate (P_n)	蒸腾速率 Transpiration rate (T_r)	瞬时水分利用效率 Instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE_i)	气孔导度 Stomatal conductance (G_s)	胞间CO₂浓度 Intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i)
7月 July	P_n	1.00	0.74	0.48	0.75	-0.28
	T_r		1.00	-0.23	0.96	0.26
	WUE_i			1.00	-0.16	-0.78
	G_s				1.00	0.27
	C_i					1.00
9月 September	P_n	1.00	0.72	0.57	0.29	-0.28
	T_r		1.00	-0.15	0.76	0.11
	WUE_i			1.00	-0.49	-0.57
	G_s				1.00	0.30
	C_i					1.00

	净光合速率 Net photosynthetic rate (P_n)	蒸腾速率 Transpiration rate (T_r)	瞬时水分利用效率 Instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE_i)	气孔导度 Stomatal conductance (G_s)	胞间CO₂浓度 Intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i)
7月 July	-0.10	-0.62	0.73	-0.58	-0.69
9月 September	0.30	-0.10	0.54	-0.48	-0.62

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