Spatio-temporal characteristics of vegetation water use efficiency and its relationship with climate factors in Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang from 2000 to 2017

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2019.0006

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Water use efficiency (WUE) is a key index to measure the coupling degree of carbon and water cycle in ecosystems. The WUE of vegetation in Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang and the north and south sites of the main oasis was estimated and then the spatio-temporal distribution of vegetation WUE was analyzed to explore its influencing factors, which will be of great significance to the protection of ecosystem and the rational utilization and development of agricultural water resources in this region. Methods This study used data from moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS), meteorological and land use type data to estimate the vegetation WUE. The spatio-temporal characteristics of vegetation WUE were analyzed in Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang over the last 18 years, and the relationship of WUE with climatic factors was evaluated. Important findings The results indicated that: (1) From 2000 to 2017, the average annual vegetation WUE for Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang was 1.11 g·mm ^-1·m ^-2, ranging from 0.84 to 1.34 g·mm ^-1·m ^-2. As a whole, the annual decrease trend of vegetation WUE was 0.014 1 g·mm ^-1·m ^-2·a ^-1, and vegetation WUE showed a strong vertical zonality in Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang, as indicated by the decrease with the altitude above 1 000 m. (2) The vegetation WUE in Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang showed a unimodal change pattern with significant seasonal difference, in order of summer > spring > autumn > winter. (3) Correlation analysis and statistical results indicated that the dynamic change of vegetation WUE in Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang was closely related to temperature and rainfall. The regions with vegetation WUE changes resulting from non-climate factors accounted for 39.26% in Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang. However, the factors of temperature and precipitation contributed to the change of vegetation WUE as 33.23% and 8.57%, respectively. On the other hand, the combination of temperature and precipitation with heavy impact and light impact contributed to WUE by 5.63% and 13.13%, respectively. Overall, temperature played the most important role among all climate factors in the changes in vegetation WUE. (4) The WUE of paddy field and dryland decreased continuously with time, and these areas were mainly affected by non-climatic factors, suggesting the irrationality in local human activities.

Key words: water use efficiency, vegetation, temporal and spatial distribution, climate factor, Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang

Aizezitiyuemaier MAIMAITI, Yusufujiang RUSULI, HE Hui, Baihetinisha ABUDUKERIMU. Spatio-temporal characteristics of vegetation water use efficiency and its relationship with climate factors in Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang from 2000 to 2017[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2019, 43(6): 490-500.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2019.0006

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2019/V43/I6/490

Figures/Tables 10

Fig. 1 Annual variation of evaport transpration (ET), gross primary productivity (GPP) and water use efficiency (WUE) in Tianshan Mountains Xinjiang during 2000 to 2017.

Fig. 2 Annual deviation analysis of vegetation water use efficiency (WUE) in Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang during 2000 to 2017.

Fig. 3 Spatial distributions of average vegetation water use efficiency (WUE) in Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang.

Fig. 4 The trend of vegetation water use efficiency (WUE) in Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang during 2000 to 2017.

Fig. 5 Monthly variation of gross primary productivity (GPP)、evaport transpration (ET) and vegetation water use efficiency (WUE) in Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang.

Fig. 6 Spatial distributions of vegetation water use efficiency (WUE) at four seasons in Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang.

Table 1 Analysis on driving factors for dynamic change of water use efficiency (WUE)

WUE变化驱动因子 WUE changes driving factors			分区准则 Rules
WUE变化驱动因子 WUE changes driving factors			R1	R2	R3
气候因子 Climate factors	气温降水强驱动型 Changed by temperature and precipitation strongly	[T+P]⁺	\|t\| > t_0.01	\|t\| > t_0.01	F > F_0.05
	气温驱动型 Changed by temperature	T	\|t\| > t_0.01		F > F_0.05
	降水驱动型 Changed by precipitation	P		\|t\| > t_0.01	F > F_0.05
	气温降水弱驱动型 Changed by temperature and precipitation weakly	[T+P]^-	\|t\|≤t_0.01	\|t\|≤t_0.01	F > F_0.05
非气候因子 Non-climate factors	非气候因子驱动型 Changed by non-climate	NC			F≤F_0.05

Fig. 7 Variation characteristics of water use efficiency (WUE) with time in different land use type in Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang during 2000 to 2017.

Fig. 8 Spatial distribution of partial correlations between vegetation water use efficiency (WUE) and temperature, precipitation in Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang during 2000 to 2017.

Fig. 9 Spatial distribution of multiple correlation between vegetation water use efficiency (WUE) and temperature-precipitation, and WUE change driven by different factors from 2000 to 2017 in Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang. [T+P]+, change driven by temperature and precipitation strongly; T, change driven by temperature mainly; P, change driven by precipitation mainly; [T+P]-, change driven by temperature and precipitation weakly; NC, change driven by non-climate.

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