Spatio-temporal characteristics of evapotranspiration and water use efficiency in grasslands of Xinjiang

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2016.0142

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Xinjiang is located in the hinterland of the Eurasian arid areas, with grasslands widely distributed. Grasslands in Xinjiang provide significant economic and ecological benefits. However, research on evapotranspiration (ET) and water use efficiency (WUE) of the grasslands is still relatively weak. This study aimed to explore the spatio-temporal characteristics on ET and WUE in the grasslands of Xinjiang in the context of climate change.Methods The Biome-BGC model was used to determine the spatio-temporal characteristics of ET and WUE of the grasslands over the period 1979-2012 across different seasons, areas and grassland types in Xinjiang.Important findings The average annual ET in the grasslands of Xinjiang was estimated at 245.7 mm, with interannual variations generally consistent with that of precipitation. Overall, the value of ET was lower than that of precipitation. The higher values of ET mainly distributed in the Tianshan Mountains, Altai Mountains, Altun Mountains and the low mountain areas on the northern slope of Kunlun Mountains. The lower values of ET mainly distributed in the highland areas of Kunlun Mountains and the desert plains. Over the period 1979-2012, average annual ET was 183.2 mm in the grasslands of southern Xinjiang, 357.9 mm in the grasslands of the Tianshan Mountains, and 221.3 mm in grasslands of northern Xinjiang. In winter, ET in grasslands of northern Xinjiang was slightly higher than that of Tianshan Mountains. Average annual ET ranked among grassland types as: mid-mountain meadow > swamp meadow > typical grassland > desert grassland > alpine meadow > saline meadow. The highest ET value occurred in summer, and the lowest ET value occurred in winter, with ET in spring being slightly higher than that in autumn. The higher WUE values mainly distributed in the areas of Tianshan Mountains and Altai Mountains. The lower WUE values mainly distributed in the highland areas of Kunlun Mountains and part of the desert plains. The average annual WUE in the grasslands of Xinjiang was 0.56 g·kg^-1, with the seasonal values of 0.43 g·kg^-1 in spring, 0.60 g·kg^-1 in summer, and 0.48 g·kg^-1 in autumn, respectively. Over the period 1979-2012, the values of WUE displayed significant regional differences: the average values were 0.73 g·kg^-1 in northern Xinjiang, 0.26 g·kg^-1 in southern Xinjiang, and 0.69 g·kg^-1 in Tianshan Mountains. There were also significant differences in WUE among grassland types. The values of WUE ranked in the order of mid-mountain meadow > typical grassland > swamp meadow > saline meadow > alpine meadow > desert grassland.

Key words: evapotranspiration, water use efficiency, climate change, Biome-BGC, arid area

Xiao-Tao HUANG, Ge-Ping LUO. Spatio-temporal characteristics of evapotranspiration and water use efficiency in grasslands of Xinjiang[J]. Chin J Plan Ecolo, 2017, 41(5): 506-518.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2016.0142

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2017/V41/I5/506

Figures/Tables 12

References 51

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参数 Parameter	盐生草甸、平原荒漠草原和平原沼泽草甸 Saline meadow, plain desert grassland and plain swamp meadow	典型草原和低山沼泽草甸 Typical grassland and low mountain swamp meadow	中山草甸和中山沼泽草甸 Mid-mountain meadow and mid-mountain swamp meadow	高山草甸、高山荒漠草原和高山沼泽草甸 Alpine meadow, alpine desert grassland and alpine swamp meadow
一年中开始生长的年序日 Day of the year to start new growth	80	85	100	112
一年中结束生长的年序日 Day of the year to end litter fall	310	317	300	270
新根与新叶中碳分配比例 Ratio of C allocation to new fine roots over new leaves	4.0	3.0	2.0	2.5
冠层平均比叶面积 Canopy-average specific leaf area (m²·kg^-1)	12.5	12.0	30.0	25.0

参数 Parameter	盐生草甸、平原荒漠草原和平原沼泽草甸 Saline meadow, plain desert grassland and plain swamp meadow	典型草原和低山沼泽草甸 Typical grassland and low mountain swamp meadow	中山草甸和中山沼泽草甸 Mid-mountain meadow and mid-mountain swamp meadow	高山草甸、高山荒漠草原和高山沼泽草甸 Alpine meadow, alpine desert grassland and alpine swamp meadow
一年中开始生长的年序日 Day of the year to start new growth	80	85	100	112
一年中结束生长的年序日 Day of the year to end litter fall	310	317	300	270
新根与新叶中碳分配比例 Ratio of C allocation to new fine roots over new leaves	4.0	3.0	2.0	2.5
冠层平均比叶面积 Canopy-average specific leaf area (m²·kg^-1)	12.5	12.0	30.0	25.0

	春 Spring	夏 Summer	秋 Autumn	冬 Winter	年 Year
南疆 South Xinjiang	35.7	107.5	33.5	6.5	183.2
北疆 North Xinjiang	44.9	121.2	39.7	15.5	221.3
天山 Tianshan Mountains	67.0	213.3	63.0	14.6	357.9

	春 Spring	夏 Summer	秋 Autumn	冬 Winter	年 Year
南疆 South Xinjiang	35.7	107.5	33.5	6.5	183.2
北疆 North Xinjiang	44.9	121.2	39.7	15.5	221.3
天山 Tianshan Mountains	67.0	213.3	63.0	14.6	357.9

类型 Type	春 Spring	夏 Summer	秋 Autumn	冬 Winter	年 Year
高山草甸 Alpine meadow	47.2	134.8	40.2	7.5	229.7
中山草甸 Mid-mountain meadow	72.4	231.9	64.8	18.5	387.7
典型草原 Typical grassland	64.7	202.3	59.6	17.3	343.9
荒漠草原 Desert grassland	45.1	136.1	43.0	11.9	236.2
盐生草甸 Saline meadow	32.3	87.0	28.8	6.5	154.7
沼泽草甸 Swamp meadow	68.3	212.3	60.1	17.7	358.3