Chin J Plant Ecol ›› 2020, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (6): 628-641.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0281
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ZHOU Xiong1, SUN Peng-Sen1,*(), ZHANG Ming-Fang2, LIU Shi-Rong1
Received:
2019-10-22
Accepted:
2020-03-02
Online:
2020-06-20
Published:
2020-05-30
Contact:
SUN Peng-Sen: ORCID:0000-0002-0099-4661, sunpsen@caf.ac.cn
Supported by:
ZHOU Xiong, SUN Peng-Sen, ZHANG Ming-Fang, LIU Shi-Rong. Spatio-temporal characteristics of vegetation water use efficiency and their relationships with climatic factors in alpine and subalpine area of southwestern China[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2020, 44(6): 628-641.
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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2019.0281
植被类型 Vegetation type | 面积比例 Area ratio (%) | 平均海拔 Mean altitude (m) | 年平均气温 Mean annual air temperature (℃) | 年降水量 Mean annual precipitation (mm) |
---|---|---|---|---|
常绿针叶林 Evergreen needleleaf forest | 7.22 | 3 243 | 7.97 | 846 |
常绿阔叶林 Evergreen broadleaf forest | 1.52 | 1 581 | 16.92 | 665 |
落叶阔叶林 Deciduous broadleaf forest | 1.59 | 2 706 | 8.48 | 897 |
混交林 Mixed forest | 8.51 | 1 941 | 7.75 | 576 |
郁闭灌丛 Closed shrublands | 0.02 | 3 328 | 9.33 | 817 |
有林草原 Woody savannas | 12.71 | 3 320 | 6.74 | 867 |
稀树草原 Savannas | 3.71 | 2 765 | 10.20 | 899 |
草地 Grassland | 63.64 | 4 434 | 1.15 | 733 |
农田 Cropland | 1.08 | 2 016 | 12.83 | 834 |
Table 1 The area ratio, mean altitude, mean annual air temperature and precipitation of different vegetation types in the alpine and subalpine area of southwestern China
植被类型 Vegetation type | 面积比例 Area ratio (%) | 平均海拔 Mean altitude (m) | 年平均气温 Mean annual air temperature (℃) | 年降水量 Mean annual precipitation (mm) |
---|---|---|---|---|
常绿针叶林 Evergreen needleleaf forest | 7.22 | 3 243 | 7.97 | 846 |
常绿阔叶林 Evergreen broadleaf forest | 1.52 | 1 581 | 16.92 | 665 |
落叶阔叶林 Deciduous broadleaf forest | 1.59 | 2 706 | 8.48 | 897 |
混交林 Mixed forest | 8.51 | 1 941 | 7.75 | 576 |
郁闭灌丛 Closed shrublands | 0.02 | 3 328 | 9.33 | 817 |
有林草原 Woody savannas | 12.71 | 3 320 | 6.74 | 867 |
稀树草原 Savannas | 3.71 | 2 765 | 10.20 | 899 |
草地 Grassland | 63.64 | 4 434 | 1.15 | 733 |
农田 Cropland | 1.08 | 2 016 | 12.83 | 834 |
Fig. 3 Temporal trends of gross primary production (GPP)(A), evapotranspiration (ET)(B), and water use efficiency (WUE)(C) in the alpine and subalpine area of southwestern China from 2000 to 2014. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01。
研究区域 Study region | 总初级生产力平均值 Mean GPP (g C·m-2) | 蒸散平均值 Mean ET (mm) | 水分利用效率平均值 Mean WUE (g·m-2·mm-1) | 水分利用效率变化趋势 Change rates of WUE (g·m-2·mm-1·a-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|
嘉陵江上游 Upstream of Jialing River | 877 | 640 | 1.37 | -0.001 |
岷江上游 Upstream of Minjiang River | 833 | 722 | 1.15 | 0.004 |
大渡河 Dadu River | 634 | 614 | 1.03 | 0.007 |
雅砻江上游 Upstream of Yalong River | 697 | 544 | 1.28 | 0.013 |
金沙江上游 Upstream of Jinsha River | 731 | 535 | 1.37 | 0.021* |
澜沧江上游 Upstream of Lancang River | 295 | 515 | 0.57 | 0.011 |
怒江上游 Upstream of Nujiang River | 235 | 512 | 0.46 | 0.009* |
雅鲁藏布江中游高山亚高山区 Alpine and subalpine area of middle-lower reaches of Yarlung Zangbo River | 322 | 721 | 0.45 | 0.006 |
藏南高山亚高山区 Alpine and subalpine area of Southern Xizang | 909 | 814 | 1.12 | 0.011* |
Table 2 Mean gross primary production (GPP), evapotranspiration (ET), water use efficiency (WUE), and the change rates of WUE in different watersheds of the alpine and subalpine area of southwestern China from 2000 to 2014
研究区域 Study region | 总初级生产力平均值 Mean GPP (g C·m-2) | 蒸散平均值 Mean ET (mm) | 水分利用效率平均值 Mean WUE (g·m-2·mm-1) | 水分利用效率变化趋势 Change rates of WUE (g·m-2·mm-1·a-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|
嘉陵江上游 Upstream of Jialing River | 877 | 640 | 1.37 | -0.001 |
岷江上游 Upstream of Minjiang River | 833 | 722 | 1.15 | 0.004 |
大渡河 Dadu River | 634 | 614 | 1.03 | 0.007 |
雅砻江上游 Upstream of Yalong River | 697 | 544 | 1.28 | 0.013 |
金沙江上游 Upstream of Jinsha River | 731 | 535 | 1.37 | 0.021* |
澜沧江上游 Upstream of Lancang River | 295 | 515 | 0.57 | 0.011 |
怒江上游 Upstream of Nujiang River | 235 | 512 | 0.46 | 0.009* |
雅鲁藏布江中游高山亚高山区 Alpine and subalpine area of middle-lower reaches of Yarlung Zangbo River | 322 | 721 | 0.45 | 0.006 |
藏南高山亚高山区 Alpine and subalpine area of Southern Xizang | 909 | 814 | 1.12 | 0.011* |
Fig. 4 Spatial distributions and change trends of gross primary production (GPP), evapotranspiration (ET) and water use efficiency (WUE) in the alpine and subalpine area of southwestern China from 2000 to 2014.
Fig. 5 Mean water use efficiency (WUE ± SD) of different vegetation types in the alpine and subalpine area of southwestern China from 2000 to 2014. CRO, cropland; CSH, closed shrublands; DBF, deciduous broadleaf forest; EBF, evergreen broadleaf forest; ENF, evergreen needleleaf forest; GRA, grassland; MF, mixed forest; SA, savannas; WSA, woody savannas.
Fig. 6 Temporal trends of water use efficiency (WUE) of different vegetation types in the alpine and subalpine area of southwestern China from 2000 to 2014. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01.
Fig. 7 Relationships between water use efficiency (WUE) of different vegetation types and altitude in the alpine and subalpine area of southwestern China.
Fig. 8 Spatial distribution of correlation coefficients between annual water use efficiency (WUE) and annual precipitation (A), correlation coefficients between annual WUE and annual air temperature (B) in the alpine and subalpine area of southwestern China from 2000 to 2014.
植被类型 Vegetation type | 常绿针叶林 Evergreen needleleaf forest | 常绿阔叶林 Evergreen broadleaf forest | 落叶阔叶林 Deciduous broadleaf forest | 混交林 Mixed forest | 郁闭灌丛 Closed shrublands | 有林草原 Woody savannas | 稀树草原 Savannas | 草地 Grassland | 农田 Cropland |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
WUE与降水量相关系数 Correlation coefficients between WUE and precipitation | -0.633* | -0.189 | -0.406 | -0.197 | -0.591* | -0.732** | -0.705** | -0.712** | -0.704** |
WUE与气温相关系数 Correlation coefficients between WUE and air temperature | 0.628* | 0.255 | 0.599* | 0.548* | 0.808** | 0.715** | 0.513 | 0.814** | 0.416 |
Table 3 Correlation coefficients between annual water use efficiency (WUE) and annual precipitation, and correlation coefficients between WUE and annual air temperature of different vegetation types in the alpine and subalpine area of southwestern China
植被类型 Vegetation type | 常绿针叶林 Evergreen needleleaf forest | 常绿阔叶林 Evergreen broadleaf forest | 落叶阔叶林 Deciduous broadleaf forest | 混交林 Mixed forest | 郁闭灌丛 Closed shrublands | 有林草原 Woody savannas | 稀树草原 Savannas | 草地 Grassland | 农田 Cropland |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
WUE与降水量相关系数 Correlation coefficients between WUE and precipitation | -0.633* | -0.189 | -0.406 | -0.197 | -0.591* | -0.732** | -0.705** | -0.712** | -0.704** |
WUE与气温相关系数 Correlation coefficients between WUE and air temperature | 0.628* | 0.255 | 0.599* | 0.548* | 0.808** | 0.715** | 0.513 | 0.814** | 0.416 |
Fig. 10 Relationships between air temperature, gross primary production (GPP), and evapotranspiration (ET)(A), and between precipitation, GPP, and ET (B) in alpine and subalpine area of southwestern China from 2000 to 2014.
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