Effects of precipitation variations on characteristics of sap flow and water source of Platycladus orientalis

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2022.0244

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Seasonal drought often occurs in the northern rocky mountainous area due to annual variation in precipitation. Exploring the effects of changes in precipitation on the sap flow characteristics and water sources of Platycladus orientalis is of great significance for structuring a stable ecosystem.

Methods In this study, the plantation of P. orientalis in the rocky mountainous area of Beijing was taken as the research target. The thermal dissipation probe (TDP) and hydrogen/oxygen isotope tracer technology were used to observe the P. orientalisunder different watering treatments. Meteorological, soil moisture, and other environmental factors were simultaneously monitored.

Important findings The results showed that natural precipitation and double precipitation > half precipitation > no precipitation were the main characteristics of P. orientalis sap flow. Precipitation increased the relative effective water content (REW) of soil, thereby stimulated the response of P. orientalis sap flow to environmental factors. Platycladus orientalis sap flow is mainly affected by the atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and the impact of solar radiation (R_s) and wind speed (WS) is relatively low. The water source of P. orientalis changed with precipitation amounts. When the soil water content increased, its water source gradually changed to shallow soil. Compared with precipitation before, P. orientalis have increased the utilization ratio of 0-40 cm soil water after precipitation, except that P. orientalis in no precipitation treatment that exhibited no noticeable change. This change is more pronounced in natural precipitation and double precipitation treatments where a period of high relative water content after precipitation was more evident. To sum up, P. orientalis can adjust sap flow and the depth of water absorption from soil in responses to the changes in precipitation and soil moisture. This self-adaptive characteristic is conducive for trees to survive the extreme drought.

Key words: tree sap flow, precipitation variation, water source, environmental factor

ZHANG Xiao, WU Juan-Juan, JIA Guo-Dong, LEI Zi-Ran, ZHANG Long-Qi, LIU Rui, LÜ Xiang-Rong, DAI Yuan-Meng. Effects of precipitation variations on characteristics of sap flow and water source of Platycladus orientalis[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2023, 47(11): 1585-1599.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2022.0244

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2023/V47/I11/1585

Figures/Tables 9

Fig. 1 Diagram of precipitation control experiment of Platycladus orientalis plantation in Beijing mountain area. EB, double precipitation; WU, no precipitation; YB, half of the precipitation; ZR, natural precipitation.

Table 1 Trees of Platycladus orientalis for sap flow measurements in the rocky mountainous area of Beijing (mean ± SE)

处理 Treatment	样树编号 Sample tree No.	胸径 DBH (cm)	边材面积 Sapwood area (cm²)	树高 Tree height (m)
WU	1-3	13.38 ± 0.47	197.27 ± 14.54	16.08 ± 0.63
YB	4-6	13.33 ± 0.26	195.36 ± 8.05	16.95 ± 1.78
ZR	7-9	13.30 ± 0.36	194.48 ± 11.04	15.36 ± 0.61
EB	10-12	13.39 ± 0.50	197.56 ± 15.13	17.25 ± 0.79

Fig. 2 Daily variation of soil water content and meteorological factors during observation of Platycladus orientalis plantation in the rocky mountainous area of Beijing.

Fig. 3 Diurnal variation of daily sap flow and precipitation of Platycladus orientalis under four precipitation treatments. A, No precipitation. B, Half of the precipitation. C, Natural precipitation. D, Double precipitation.

Fig. 4 Daily changes of sap flow density of Platycladus orientalis and environmental factors of the four treatments during the observation period.

Fig. 5 Sap flow (Q) of Platycladus orientalis under different treatments before and after 6 precipitation events during the observation period (mean ± SE). A, 9 August. B, 14 August. C, 19 August. D, 4 September. E, 14 September. F, 19 September. Different uppercase letters indicate significant difference before and after precipitation in the same treatment, and different lowercase letters indicate significant difference before or after precipitation in different treatments (p < 0.05). EB, double precipitation; WU, no precipitation; YB, half of the precipitation; ZR, natural precipitation.

Fig. 6 Changes of soil water content before and after three precipitation events in Beijing mountain area (mean ± SE). A, 14 September. B, 19 August. C, 19 September. YH, after precipitation; YQ, before precipitation. SWC-H, period of relatively high soil moisture (REW ≥ 0.4); SWC-L, period of relatively low soil moisture (REW < 0.4). EB, double precipitation; WU, no precipitation; YB, half of the precipitation; ZR, natural precipitation.

Fig. 7 Residual contribution rate of environmental factors to flow density of Platycladus orientalis under four water control treatments before and after three precipitationl event. A, 14 September. B, 19 August. C, 19 September. Rs, solar radiation; VPD, vapor pressure deficit; WS, wind speed. YH, after precipitation; YQ, before precipitation. EB, double precipitation; WU, no precipitation; YB, half of the precipitation; ZR, natural precipitation.

Fig. 8 Contribution rate of different water sources to Platycladus orientalis before and after precipitation on September 4. EB, double precipitation; WU, no precipitation; YB, half of the precipitation; ZR, natural precipitation. REW, relative effective water content of soil; YH, after precipitation; YQ, before precipitation.

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