Bryophyte societies on the fallen logs of Pinus armandii with different decay classes in Sygera Mountains

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2019.0327

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Fallen logs play important roles in maintaining the health and the renewal of forest ecosystems, but the difference of bryophyte societies on fallen logs with different decay classes is unclear.
Methods To understand the regularity and influencing factors of changes in bryophyte societies, we investigated the bryophytes with quadrats along the trunks on four fallen logs of Pinus armandii with different decay classes at the same site in Sygera Mountains, Xizang. Then, the measured data were collected and analyzed.
Important findings There were 22 families and 52 species of bryophytes inhabiting the four fallen logs, including 13 families and 38 species of Musci, 9 families and 14 species of Hepaticae. According to the characteristics of the shared dominant species, 14 societies were obtained. With the increase of decay classes of fallen logs and changes in surrounding environment, the bryophyte diversity increased gradually, while the number of societies and the total bryophyte coverage fluctuated. Bryophyte species varied from drought-tolerant tall turfs, such as Orthotrichaceae and Leucobryaceae, to fast-growing cushions or mats in humid and shady environments, such as Mniaceae, Thuidiaceae and Brachytheciaceae. The complexity of spatial structure of bryophytic society increased gradually. Fallen logs are important growth substrates for a variety of bryophytes. Bryophyte societies on fallen logs vary with decay classes, moisture and light conditions.

Key words: bryophyte, fallen log, life form, biodiversity, environmental factor

LIU Ling, FAN Ying-Jie, SONG Xiao-Tong, LI Min, SHAO Xiao-Ming, WANG Xiao-Rui. Bryophyte societies on the fallen logs of Pinus armandii with different decay classes in Sygera Mountains[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2020, 44(8): 842-853.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2019.0327

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2020/V44/I8/842

Figures/Tables 6

References 46

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倒木 Fallen log	倒木1 Log 1	倒木2 Log 2	倒木3 Log 3	倒木4 Log 4
针叶 Needle	存在 Present	无 Absent	无 Absent	无 Absent
树皮 Bark	与活体无显著区别 No difference from living	少部分脱落 Partial shedding	仅在粗大树枝上残存 Partly present only on large branches	无 Absent
树枝 Branches and twig	小树枝均存在 Twigs present	中等树枝存在 Branches present	粗大树枝存在 Large branches present	仅粗大树枝基部存在 Only large branches stub present
主干形状 Bole shape	圆形 Round	圆形 Round	圆形 Round	圆形至卵形 Round to oval
与地面位置 Position of log on ground	被某点抬高 Elevated on support point	被某点抬高 Elevated on support point	接近地面 Near or on the ground	整体落在地面 All of log on the ground
结构完整性 Structural integrity	木质体新鲜, 刀片可刺进 1-2 mm Cambium still fresh, knife blade penetrates 1-2 mm	开始腐解, 刀片可刺进 3 mm到1 cm Cambium decayed, knife blade penetrates 3 mm to 1 cm	刀片可刺进约2 cm Knife blade penetrates less than 2 cm	严重腐烂, 刀片可刺进 2-5 cm Severely decay, knife penetrates 2-5 cm
腐解等级 Decay class	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ
胸径 Diameter at breast height	35 cm	23 cm	32 cm	27 cm
倒伏方向 Loging direction	南偏东15° 15° south by east	南偏东25° 25° south by east	南偏东15° 15° south by east	南偏东10° 10° south by east
倒木位置 Position of log	林窗中心 Center of forest gap	林窗中心 Center of forest gap	林内 Under the forest	林窗边缘^Edge of forest gap^
遮阴程度 Shade degree	10%	50%	90%	60%^*

倒木 Fallen log	倒木1 Log 1	倒木2 Log 2	倒木3 Log 3	倒木4 Log 4
针叶 Needle	存在 Present	无 Absent	无 Absent	无 Absent
树皮 Bark	与活体无显著区别 No difference from living	少部分脱落 Partial shedding	仅在粗大树枝上残存 Partly present only on large branches	无 Absent
树枝 Branches and twig	小树枝均存在 Twigs present	中等树枝存在 Branches present	粗大树枝存在 Large branches present	仅粗大树枝基部存在 Only large branches stub present
主干形状 Bole shape	圆形 Round	圆形 Round	圆形 Round	圆形至卵形 Round to oval
与地面位置 Position of log on ground	被某点抬高 Elevated on support point	被某点抬高 Elevated on support point	接近地面 Near or on the ground	整体落在地面 All of log on the ground
结构完整性 Structural integrity	木质体新鲜, 刀片可刺进 1-2 mm Cambium still fresh, knife blade penetrates 1-2 mm	开始腐解, 刀片可刺进 3 mm到1 cm Cambium decayed, knife blade penetrates 3 mm to 1 cm	刀片可刺进约2 cm Knife blade penetrates less than 2 cm	严重腐烂, 刀片可刺进 2-5 cm Severely decay, knife penetrates 2-5 cm
腐解等级 Decay class	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ
胸径 Diameter at breast height	35 cm	23 cm	32 cm	27 cm
倒伏方向 Loging direction	南偏东15° 15° south by east	南偏东25° 25° south by east	南偏东15° 15° south by east	南偏东10° 10° south by east
倒木位置 Position of log	林窗中心 Center of forest gap	林窗中心 Center of forest gap	林内 Under the forest	林窗边缘^Edge of forest gap^
遮阴程度 Shade degree	10%	50%	90%	60%^*

科 Family	物种 Species	代码 Code	生活型 Life form	相对盖度 Relative coverage (%)
科 Family	物种 Species	代码 Code	生活型 Life form	Log 1	Log 2	Log 3	Log 4
曲背藓科 Oncophoraceae	曲背藓 Oncophorus wahlenbergii	OW	T-turf	9.74	-	-	-
曲背藓科 Oncophoraceae	南亚合睫藓 Symblepharis reinwardtii	SR	T-turf	-	-	-	1.99
	合睫藓 Symblepharis vaginata	SV	T-turf	-	44.18	-	2.99
曲尾藓科 Dicranaceae	波叶曲尾藓 Dicranum polysetum	DP	T-turf	-	-	3.97	-
白发藓科 Leucobryaceae	丛叶青毛藓 Dicranodontium caespitosum	DC	T-turf	-	8.52	4.77	6.97
	青毛藓 Dicranodontium denudatum	DiDe	T-turf	-	6.39	-	36.82
	长叶青毛藓 Dicranodontium didymodon	DiDi	T-turf	-	3.69	0.64	5.47
丛藓科 Pottiaceae	高山红叶藓 Bryoerythrophyllum alpigenum	BA	S-turf	-	-	0.32	-
	齿叶薄齿藓 Leptodontium handelii	LH	S-turf	0.49	-	-	-
	狭叶拟合睫藓 Pseudosymblepharis angustata	PA	S-turf	-	0.14	4.45	4.23
真藓科 Bryaceae	拟大叶真藓 Bryum salakense	BryS	T-turf	-	-	0.32	-
提灯藓科 Mniaceae	侧枝匐灯藓 Plagiomnium maximoviczii	PM	L-cushion	-	-	8.10	-
	全缘匐灯藓 Plagiomnium integrum	PI	L-cushion	-	-	-	1.00
	钝叶匐灯藓 Plagiomnium rostratum	PR	L-cushion	-	-	7.15	-
	具缘提灯藓 Mnium marginatum	MM	L-cushion	-	-	2.54	-
木灵藓科 Orthotrichaceae	毛帽木灵藓 Orthotrichum dasymitrium	OD	D-form	13.92	-	-	-
白齿藓科 Leucodontaceae	中华白齿藓 Leucodon sinensis	LS	Weft	11.68	-	-	-
蔓藓科 Meteoriaceae	新丝藓 Neodicladiella pendula	NP	R-mat	11.68	-	-	-
羽藓科 Thuidiaceae	毛羽藓 Bryonoguchia molkenboeri	BM	R-mat	-	-	-	0.50
羽藓科 Thuidiaceae	大羽藓 Thuidium cymbifolium	TC	R-mat	-	12.07	34.95	9.70
	毛尖羽藓 Thuidium plumulosum	TP	R-mat	-	-	-	0.50
	狭叶小羽藓 Haplocladium angustifolium	HA	R-mat	-	0.28	-	-
	细叶小羽藓 Haplocladium microphyllum	HM	R-mat	-	-	8.26	5.22
青藓科 Brachytheciaceae	多褶青藓 Brachythecium buchananii	BB	L-cushion	-	0.21	6.04	0.50
青藓科 Brachytheciaceae	平枝青藓 Brachythecium helminthocladum	BH	L-cushion	-	-	2.38	-
	燕尾青藓 Brachythecium novae-angliae	BraN	L-cushion	-	-	4.29	-
	褶叶青藓 Brachythecium salebrosum	BraS	L-cushion	-	-	-	1.24
	拟异叶藓 Pseudokindbergia dumosa	PD	L-cushion	-	-	0.64	-
灰藓科 Hypnaceae	圆枝粗枝藓 Gollania tereticaulis	GT	R-mat	-	2.13	-	-
灰藓科 Hypnaceae	灰藓 Hypnum cupressiforme	HC	R-mat	-	-	2.22	0.50
	密枝灰藓 Hypnum densirameum	HD	R-mat	-	2.13	2.86	7.46
	毛梳藓 Ptilium crista-castrensis	PC	R-mat	14.61	-	-	-
	拟硬叶藓 Stereodontopsis pseudorevoluta	SP	R-mat	0.19	-	-	-
	丝金灰藓 Pylaisia levieri	PL	R-mat	34.08	7.39	-	-
毛锦藓科 Pylaisiadelphaceae	曲叶小锦藓 Brotherella curvirostris	BC	R-mat	-	2.70	1.59	2.24
毛锦藓科 Pylaisiadelphaceae	弯叶小锦藓 Brotherella falcata	BF	R-mat	0.97	-	-	-
	垂蒴小锦藓 Brotherella nictans	BroN	R-mat	-	-	2.38	7.46
	暗绿毛锦藓 Pylaisiadelpha tristoviridis	PT	R-mat	-	4.12	-	-
叶苔科 Jungermanniaceae	深绿叶苔 Jungermannia atrovirens	JA	D-form	-	4.69	0.16	1.24
叶苔科 Jungermanniaceae	小萼叶苔 Jungermannia parviperiantha	JP	D-form	-	-	-	0.25
	方叶无褶苔 Leiocolea bantriensis	LB	D-form	-	-	-	0.25
挺叶苔科 Anastrophyllaceae	小挺叶苔 Anastrophyllum minutum	AM	R-mat	-	-	-	0.37
裂叶苔科 Lophoziaceae	三瓣苔 Tritomaria exsecta	TE	T-form	-	0.85	-	0.62
折叶苔科 Scapaniaceae	刺边合叶苔 Scapania ciliata	SC	T-form	-	-	1.27	-
睫毛苔科 Blepharostomataceae	睫毛苔 Blepharostoma trichophyllum	BT	R-mat	-	0.50	0.08	1.37
指叶苔科 Lepidoziaceae	指叶苔 Lepidozia reptans	LR	R-mat	-	-	-	0.62
光萼苔科 Porellaceae	光萼苔 Porella pinnata	PP	R-mat	0.19	-	-	-
耳叶苔科 Frullaniaceae	细茎耳叶苔 Frullania bolanderi	FB	T-form	0.19	-	-	-
耳叶苔科 Frullaniaceae	达乌里耳叶苔 Frullania davurica	FD	T-form	1.27	-	0.64	-
	列胞耳叶苔 Frullania moniliata	FM	T-form	0.49	-	-	-
细鳞苔科 Lejeuneaceae	角齿细鳞苔 Lejeunea otiana	LO	T-form	-	-	-	0.50
细鳞苔科 Lejeuneaceae	南亚瓦鳞苔 Trocholejeunea sandvicensis	TS	T-form	0.49	-	-	-

科 Family	物种 Species	代码 Code	生活型 Life form	相对盖度 Relative coverage (%)
科 Family	物种 Species	代码 Code	生活型 Life form	Log 1	Log 2	Log 3	Log 4
曲背藓科 Oncophoraceae	曲背藓 Oncophorus wahlenbergii	OW	T-turf	9.74	-	-	-
曲背藓科 Oncophoraceae	南亚合睫藓 Symblepharis reinwardtii	SR	T-turf	-	-	-	1.99
	合睫藓 Symblepharis vaginata	SV	T-turf	-	44.18	-	2.99
曲尾藓科 Dicranaceae	波叶曲尾藓 Dicranum polysetum	DP	T-turf	-	-	3.97	-
白发藓科 Leucobryaceae	丛叶青毛藓 Dicranodontium caespitosum	DC	T-turf	-	8.52	4.77	6.97
	青毛藓 Dicranodontium denudatum	DiDe	T-turf	-	6.39	-	36.82
	长叶青毛藓 Dicranodontium didymodon	DiDi	T-turf	-	3.69	0.64	5.47
丛藓科 Pottiaceae	高山红叶藓 Bryoerythrophyllum alpigenum	BA	S-turf	-	-	0.32	-
	齿叶薄齿藓 Leptodontium handelii	LH	S-turf	0.49	-	-	-
	狭叶拟合睫藓 Pseudosymblepharis angustata	PA	S-turf	-	0.14	4.45	4.23
真藓科 Bryaceae	拟大叶真藓 Bryum salakense	BryS	T-turf	-	-	0.32	-
提灯藓科 Mniaceae	侧枝匐灯藓 Plagiomnium maximoviczii	PM	L-cushion	-	-	8.10	-
	全缘匐灯藓 Plagiomnium integrum	PI	L-cushion	-	-	-	1.00
	钝叶匐灯藓 Plagiomnium rostratum	PR	L-cushion	-	-	7.15	-
	具缘提灯藓 Mnium marginatum	MM	L-cushion	-	-	2.54	-
木灵藓科 Orthotrichaceae	毛帽木灵藓 Orthotrichum dasymitrium	OD	D-form	13.92	-	-	-
白齿藓科 Leucodontaceae	中华白齿藓 Leucodon sinensis	LS	Weft	11.68	-	-	-
蔓藓科 Meteoriaceae	新丝藓 Neodicladiella pendula	NP	R-mat	11.68	-	-	-
羽藓科 Thuidiaceae	毛羽藓 Bryonoguchia molkenboeri	BM	R-mat	-	-	-	0.50
羽藓科 Thuidiaceae	大羽藓 Thuidium cymbifolium	TC	R-mat	-	12.07	34.95	9.70
	毛尖羽藓 Thuidium plumulosum	TP	R-mat	-	-	-	0.50
	狭叶小羽藓 Haplocladium angustifolium	HA	R-mat	-	0.28	-	-
	细叶小羽藓 Haplocladium microphyllum	HM	R-mat	-	-	8.26	5.22
青藓科 Brachytheciaceae	多褶青藓 Brachythecium buchananii	BB	L-cushion	-	0.21	6.04	0.50
青藓科 Brachytheciaceae	平枝青藓 Brachythecium helminthocladum	BH	L-cushion	-	-	2.38	-
	燕尾青藓 Brachythecium novae-angliae	BraN	L-cushion	-	-	4.29	-
	褶叶青藓 Brachythecium salebrosum	BraS	L-cushion	-	-	-	1.24
	拟异叶藓 Pseudokindbergia dumosa	PD	L-cushion	-	-	0.64	-
灰藓科 Hypnaceae	圆枝粗枝藓 Gollania tereticaulis	GT	R-mat	-	2.13	-	-
灰藓科 Hypnaceae	灰藓 Hypnum cupressiforme	HC	R-mat	-	-	2.22	0.50
	密枝灰藓 Hypnum densirameum	HD	R-mat	-	2.13	2.86	7.46
	毛梳藓 Ptilium crista-castrensis	PC	R-mat	14.61	-	-	-
	拟硬叶藓 Stereodontopsis pseudorevoluta	SP	R-mat	0.19	-	-	-
	丝金灰藓 Pylaisia levieri	PL	R-mat	34.08	7.39	-	-
毛锦藓科 Pylaisiadelphaceae	曲叶小锦藓 Brotherella curvirostris	BC	R-mat	-	2.70	1.59	2.24
毛锦藓科 Pylaisiadelphaceae	弯叶小锦藓 Brotherella falcata	BF	R-mat	0.97	-	-	-
	垂蒴小锦藓 Brotherella nictans	BroN	R-mat	-	-	2.38	7.46
	暗绿毛锦藓 Pylaisiadelpha tristoviridis	PT	R-mat	-	4.12	-	-
叶苔科 Jungermanniaceae	深绿叶苔 Jungermannia atrovirens	JA	D-form	-	4.69	0.16	1.24
叶苔科 Jungermanniaceae	小萼叶苔 Jungermannia parviperiantha	JP	D-form	-	-	-	0.25
	方叶无褶苔 Leiocolea bantriensis	LB	D-form	-	-	-	0.25
挺叶苔科 Anastrophyllaceae	小挺叶苔 Anastrophyllum minutum	AM	R-mat	-	-	-	0.37
裂叶苔科 Lophoziaceae	三瓣苔 Tritomaria exsecta	TE	T-form	-	0.85	-	0.62
折叶苔科 Scapaniaceae	刺边合叶苔 Scapania ciliata	SC	T-form	-	-	1.27	-
睫毛苔科 Blepharostomataceae	睫毛苔 Blepharostoma trichophyllum	BT	R-mat	-	0.50	0.08	1.37
指叶苔科 Lepidoziaceae	指叶苔 Lepidozia reptans	LR	R-mat	-	-	-	0.62
光萼苔科 Porellaceae	光萼苔 Porella pinnata	PP	R-mat	0.19	-	-	-
耳叶苔科 Frullaniaceae	细茎耳叶苔 Frullania bolanderi	FB	T-form	0.19	-	-	-
耳叶苔科 Frullaniaceae	达乌里耳叶苔 Frullania davurica	FD	T-form	1.27	-	0.64	-
	列胞耳叶苔 Frullania moniliata	FM	T-form	0.49	-	-	-
细鳞苔科 Lejeuneaceae	角齿细鳞苔 Lejeunea otiana	LO	T-form	-	-	-	0.50
细鳞苔科 Lejeuneaceae	南亚瓦鳞苔 Trocholejeunea sandvicensis	TS	T-form	0.49	-	-	-

组合名称 Society name	物种组成 Species composition	重要值 Important value	分布样方 Distribution sample	组合名称 Society name	物种组成 Species composition	重要值 Important value	分布样方 Distribution sample
合睫藓组合 Symblepharis vaginata society	SV	0.425	Log 2-4, Log 2-5, Log 2-6, Log 2-7, Log 2-8, Log 2-9, Log 2-10	丛叶青毛藓组合 Dicranodontium vaginata society	DC	0.250	Log 3-10, Log 4-7
	DC	0.135			PA	0.167
	JA	0.100			BC	0.114
	BC	0.076			JA	0.092
	PL	0.065			PM	0.084
	DiDi	0.043			TC	0.076
	PT	0.043			BroN	0.069
	DiDe	0.034			SV	0.053
	HD	0.034			TP	0.053
	TE	0.025			BT	0.042
	BT	0.020		侧枝匐灯藓组合 Plagiomnium maximoviczii society	PM	0.346	Log 3-5, Log 3-7
大羽藓组合 Thuidium cymbifolium society	TC	0.423	Log 2-2, Log 3-2, Log 3-3, Log 3-8, Log 3-9, Log 4-10		BB	0.207
	DC	0.069			TC	0.164
	BroN	0.069			PA	0.126
	HD	0.052			HC	0.086
	PM	0.048			BraN	0.071
	DP	0.042		丝金灰藓组合 Pylaisia levieri society	PL	0.427	Log 1-1, Log 1-7, Log 1-9
	PA	0.042			PC	0.172
	JA	0.037			OW	0.132
	BT	0.036			OD	0.058
	BH	0.032			LH	0.054
	BB	0.027			FD	0.054
	SC	0.025			TS	0.052
	PT	0.021			FB	0.051
	LR	0.018		密枝灰藓组合 Hypnum densirameum society	HD	0.389	Log 4-4, Log 4-8
	SV	0.018			DiDe	0.130
	LB	0.018			BC	0.130
	DiDi	0.018			TC	0.093
青毛藓组合 Dicranodontium denudatum society	DiDe	0.391	Log 2-3, Log 4-2, Log 4-5, Log 4-6, Log 4-9		DiDi	0.074
	SR	0.064			BT	0.065
	PL	0.062			TE	0.060
	BT	0.056			LR	0.060
	JA	0.051		钝叶匐灯藓组合 Plagiomnium rostratum society	PR	0.575	Log 3-6
	GT	0.044			HM	0.145
	BroN	0.044			BB	0.145
	SV	0.035			TC	0.135
	PA	0.035		燕尾青藓组合 Brachythecium novae-angliae society	BraN	0.378	Log 3-4
	BraS	0.026			HC	0.211
	HC	0.020			TC	0.156
	BM	0.020			PA	0.133
	TE	0.020			BryS	0.122
	BB	0.020		毛帽木灵藓组合 Orthotrichum dasymitrium society	OD	0.509	Log 1-4, Log 1-5, Log 1-10
	AM	0.019			FD	0.139
	HM	0.018			TS	0.086
	LB	0.018			PL	0.068
	BC	0.018			BF	0.068
	LR	0.018			PP	0.044
	JP	0.018			SP	0.044
细叶小羽藓组合 Haplocladium microphylllum society	HM	0.282	Log 3-1, Log 4-1		FB	0.041
	DiDi	0.136		新丝藓组合 Neodicladiella pendula society	NP	0.730	Log 1-8
	PA	0.091			FM	0.270
	MM	0.081
	SV	0.061
	BB	0.049		中华白齿藓组合 Leucodon sinensis society	LS	1.000	Log 1-2
	PI	0.042
	PD	0.042
	FD	0.042		狭叶小羽藓组合 Haplocladium angustifolium society	HA	0.389	Log 2-1
	BA	0.036			BB	0.333
	LO	0.036			PA	0.278
	TC	0.036
	BT	0.036
	LR	0.031