Response of water use strategies of Tamarix ramosissima to nebkhas accumulation process

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2022.0348

Abstract

Abstract:

<strong>Aims</strong> Tamarix ramosissima, as the main dominant plant species in arid deserts, has formed Tamarisk nebkhas during its long-term interaction with wind-sand. The study on water sources of T. ramosissima at nebkhas and its ratio to each water source can provide scientific basis for the conservation, restoration of native vegetation in arid desert areas.

Methods This study employed “space for time” methodology to clarify the water sources of T. ramosissimaat nebkhas, with the ratio of each water source quantified for T. ramosissima at different developmental stages of nebkhas, through field investigation and indoor model analysis.

Important findings (1) The soil moisture of T. ramosissimanebkhas varied with the nebkhas accumulation process. The average soil moisture in the 0-500 cm soil depth ranked in the order of: the embryonic stage (4.57%) > growth stage (4.46%) > decline stage (3.62%) > stable stage (3.48%). (2) The soil water content of the dunes increased significantly in the 40-180 cm layer during the embryonic and growth stages, and in the 180-360 and 360-500 cm layers during the stable and decline stages, respectively. (3) The soil water content and stable oxygen isotope ratio (δ¹⁸O) in the 0-40 cm layer of the nebkhas at each stage of development fluctuated significantly with seasonal changes, and the δ¹⁸O stabilized with increasing depth of the soil layer, indicating that the surface soil was influenced more by the external environment. (4) In spring, T. ramosissima mainly used the soil water in the 360-500 cm layer in the embryonic stage nebkhas, followed by the soil water in the 0-40 cm layer, with proportions of 53.1% and 21.4%, respectively; in the growth stage nebkhas, T. ramosissima mainly used soil water in 0-40 and 360-500 cm layers, with ratios of 53.1% and 23.0%, respectively; in the stable stage nebkhas, T. ramosissima mainly used soil water in 0-40 and 180-360 cm layers, with ratios of 49.8% and 29.3%, respectively; in the decline stage nebkhas, T. ramosissima mainly used soil water in the 360-500 cm layer, with a ratio of 60.9%. In summer, T. ramosissima mainly used soil water in the 360-500 cm layer in the embryonic and growth stage nebkhas, and the ratio was 61.1% and 42.8%, respectively. Tamarix ramosissima also used soil water in the 40-180 and 180-360 cm layers in the growing stage nebkhas; the use of soil water in each layer by T. ramosissima was uniform in the stable stage nebkhas; T. ramosissima mainly absorbed soil water in 180-360 and 360-500 cm layers in the decline stage nebkhas, with ratios of 29.0% and 44.1%, respectively. In autumn, the main water source of T. ramosissima on embryonic stage nebkhas was 360-500 cm soil water; soil water in 180-360 cm layer and 360-500 cm layer was the main water source for T. ramosissima in the grow and stable stage nebkhas; in the decline stage nebkhas, T. ramosissima mainly used soil water in 360-500 cm depth, and the ratio was as high as 92.3%, indicating that T. ramosissima showed different water use strategies in different development stages of nebkhas.

Key words: Tamarix ramosissima, water source, stable oxygen isotope, MixSIAR model, Gurbantünggüt Desert

Zumureti YUSUFUJANG, DONG Zheng-Wu, CHENG Peng, YE Mao, LIU Sui-Yun-Hao, LI Sheng-Yu, ZHAO Xiao-Ying. Response of water use strategies of Tamarix ramosissima to nebkhas accumulation process[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2024, 48(1): 113-126.

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Figures/Tables 9

References 41

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发育阶段 Developmental stage	沙堆形态特征 Morphological characteristic	土壤、结皮特征 Soil and soil crust characteristic	植被特征 Vegetation characteristic
雏形阶段 Embryonic stage	沙堆体积较小, 形态不规则, 形态参数间相关性不强 The nebkhas are small in size, irregular in morphology, and the correlation between morphological parameters is not strong	沙堆迎风坡和背风坡基本为流沙, 表面无结皮 Nebkhas are basically quicksand with no crust on the surface	多以单个灌丛形式生长, 无结实, 迎风坡植被少, 长势较好 Mostly in the form of individual scrub, with little vegetation on windward slopes and good growth
增长阶段 Growth stage	沙堆体积较大, 形态接近锥体, 形态参数间相关性较好 The nebkhas are large in size, the morphology is close to that of vertebrae, and the correlation between morphological parameters is good	迎风坡为流沙, 背风坡有少量结皮 Drifting sand on windward slopes, a few crusts on leeward slopes	多个灌丛形式生长, 长势较好, 结实率高, 迎风坡出现植被, 植被盖度大于背风坡 Multiple scrub growth, good growth, high fruiting rate, vegetation on windward slopes, vegetation cover greater than on leeward slopes
稳定阶段 Stable stage	沙堆体积大, 形态接近半椭球体, 形态参数间相关性较好 The nebkhas are large in size, the morphology is close to semi-ellipsoidal, and the correlation between morphological parameters is good	迎风坡和背风坡均有结皮, 结皮发育较完整, 结皮面积>70% Crusts are present on both windward and leeward slopes, crusts are relatively well developed, crust surface > 70%	多个灌丛形式生长, 迎风坡植被盖度略大于背风坡, 枯枝率低 Multiple scrub growth, slightly more vegetation cover on windward slopes than on leeward slopes, low dieback rate
衰退阶段 Decline stage	沙堆体积较大, 形态接近半椭球体, 沙堆两侧风蚀崩塌, 形态参数间相关性差 The nebkhas are large in size, the morphology is close to semi-ellipsoidal, the sand piles are collapsed by wind and moisture on both sides, and the correlation between morphological parameters is poor	沙堆表面结皮破坏严重, 风蚀较明显, 结皮面积<50% Nebkhas surface crust damage is serious, wind erosion is obvious, crust area is < 50%	多个灌丛形式生长, 自疏现象严重, 枯枝率高, 结实率低, 植株主要分布于沙堆边缘 Multiple scrub growth, serious self-thinning phenomenon, high rate of dead branches, low fruiting rate, plants mainly distributed at the edge of the nebkhas

发育阶段 Developmental stage	沙堆形态特征 Morphological characteristic	土壤、结皮特征 Soil and soil crust characteristic	植被特征 Vegetation characteristic
雏形阶段 Embryonic stage	沙堆体积较小, 形态不规则, 形态参数间相关性不强 The nebkhas are small in size, irregular in morphology, and the correlation between morphological parameters is not strong	沙堆迎风坡和背风坡基本为流沙, 表面无结皮 Nebkhas are basically quicksand with no crust on the surface	多以单个灌丛形式生长, 无结实, 迎风坡植被少, 长势较好 Mostly in the form of individual scrub, with little vegetation on windward slopes and good growth
增长阶段 Growth stage	沙堆体积较大, 形态接近锥体, 形态参数间相关性较好 The nebkhas are large in size, the morphology is close to that of vertebrae, and the correlation between morphological parameters is good	迎风坡为流沙, 背风坡有少量结皮 Drifting sand on windward slopes, a few crusts on leeward slopes	多个灌丛形式生长, 长势较好, 结实率高, 迎风坡出现植被, 植被盖度大于背风坡 Multiple scrub growth, good growth, high fruiting rate, vegetation on windward slopes, vegetation cover greater than on leeward slopes
稳定阶段 Stable stage	沙堆体积大, 形态接近半椭球体, 形态参数间相关性较好 The nebkhas are large in size, the morphology is close to semi-ellipsoidal, and the correlation between morphological parameters is good	迎风坡和背风坡均有结皮, 结皮发育较完整, 结皮面积>70% Crusts are present on both windward and leeward slopes, crusts are relatively well developed, crust surface > 70%	多个灌丛形式生长, 迎风坡植被盖度略大于背风坡, 枯枝率低 Multiple scrub growth, slightly more vegetation cover on windward slopes than on leeward slopes, low dieback rate
衰退阶段 Decline stage	沙堆体积较大, 形态接近半椭球体, 沙堆两侧风蚀崩塌, 形态参数间相关性差 The nebkhas are large in size, the morphology is close to semi-ellipsoidal, the sand piles are collapsed by wind and moisture on both sides, and the correlation between morphological parameters is poor	沙堆表面结皮破坏严重, 风蚀较明显, 结皮面积<50% Nebkhas surface crust damage is serious, wind erosion is obvious, crust area is < 50%	多个灌丛形式生长, 自疏现象严重, 枯枝率高, 结实率低, 植株主要分布于沙堆边缘 Multiple scrub growth, serious self-thinning phenomenon, high rate of dead branches, low fruiting rate, plants mainly distributed at the edge of the nebkhas

发育阶段 Developmental stage	月份 Month			平均值 Mean
发育阶段 Developmental stage	5	7	9	平均值 Mean
雏形阶段 Embryonic stage	5.08 ± 1.56^aA	4.48 ± 1.96^aA	4.12 ± 1.30^aA	4.57 ± 1.61
增长阶段 Growth stage	4.39 ± 1.49^aA	4.44 ± 1.87^aA	4.56 ± 1.73^aA	4.44 ± 1.70
稳定阶段 Stable stage	4.10 ± 0.42^aA	3.34 ± 0.77^aA	2.99 ± 0.66^aA	3.48 ± 0.59
衰退阶段 Decline stage	3.69 ± 1.03^aA	4.00 ± 1.18^aA	3.18 ± 1.40^aA	3.62 ± 1.20

发育阶段 Developmental stage	月份 Month			平均值 Mean
发育阶段 Developmental stage	5	7	9	平均值 Mean
雏形阶段 Embryonic stage	5.08 ± 1.56^aA	4.48 ± 1.96^aA	4.12 ± 1.30^aA	4.57 ± 1.61
增长阶段 Growth stage	4.39 ± 1.49^aA	4.44 ± 1.87^aA	4.56 ± 1.73^aA	4.44 ± 1.70
稳定阶段 Stable stage	4.10 ± 0.42^aA	3.34 ± 0.77^aA	2.99 ± 0.66^aA	3.48 ± 0.59
衰退阶段 Decline stage	3.69 ± 1.03^aA	4.00 ± 1.18^aA	3.18 ± 1.40^aA	3.62 ± 1.20