Community stability evaluation of riparian forest of the upper reaches of Wenyuhe in Shanxi, China

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00491

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Stability can comprehensively reflect the structural and functional characteristics of communities. Our objective was to evaluate the stability of 13 riparian forest communities in the upper reaches of Wenyuhe.
Methods The evaluation was based on fuzzy comprehensive appraisement theory. In considering integrity stability and structural stability, five indexes were selected which could reflect the current situations of the 13 communities: regeneration of dominant species of the tree layer, total species diversity, Godron index, site quality and protection intensity. The five indexes were measured by 12 factors. Community stability was determined by the means of five subordinate function values.
Important findings Most subordinate function values were 0.40-0.60. The stability of two communities, Populus cathayana + Quercus wutaishanica and Pinus tabulaeformis + Betula platyphylla, classified them in the middle of a low-mountain forest succession series. Among middle (high)-mountain forest succession series, stability increased with succession progressing from Populus cathayana forest as the lowest to Picea wilsonii as the highest. In addition, the stability of Picea meyeri + Populus cathayana + Betula platyphylla mixed forest, Larix principis-rupprechtii + Picea meyeri mixed forest and Larix principis-rupprechtii + Picea wilsonii mixed forest were also high, probably in response to disturbance caused by tree canopy or environmental heterogeneity.

Key words: fuzzy synthetic evaluation, riparian forest, species diversity, stability

GAO Run-Mei, SHI Xiao-Dong, GUO Yue-Dong. Community stability evaluation of riparian forest of the upper reaches of Wenyuhe in Shanxi, China[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2012, 36(6): 491-503.

Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00491

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2012/V36/I6/491

Figures/Tables 9

References 45

[1]	An LJ ( 安丽娟), Zhu ZH ( 朱志红), Wang XA ( 王孝安), Guo H ( 郭华) (2007). Stability analysis of major communities in Malan forest region of Ziwuling Mountain. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica (西北植物学报), 27, 1000-1007. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[2]	Cardinale BJ, Srivastava DS, Duffy JE, Wright JP, Downing AL, Sankaran M, Jouseau C (2006). Effects of biodiversity on the functioning of trophic groups and ecosystems. Nature, 443, 989-992. URL PMID
[3]	Cheng XQ ( 程小琴), Han HR ( 韩海荣), Wei AS ( 魏阿沙), Zhang YH ( 张延华), Yi LT ( 伊力塔), Chen Y ( 陈圆) (2007). Niche characteristics of dominant species in forest community in Pangquangou Nature Reserve, Shanxi Province. Journal of Beijing Forestry University (北京林业大学学报), 29(Suppl. 2), 283-287. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]	Dang CL ( 党承林) (1998). Redundancy structure in phytocoenosiums as an explanation of ecosystem stability. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 18, 665-672. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]	Dang CL ( 党承林), Wang CY ( 王崇云), Wang BR ( 王宝荣), Li YL ( 李彦玲), Huang QM ( 黄其明) (2002). Succession and stability in plant community. Chinese Journal of Ecology (生态学杂志), 21, 30-35. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]	Doak DF, Bigger D, Harding EK, Marvier MA, O’Malley RE, Thomson D (1998). The statistical inevitability of sta- bility-diversity relationships in community ecology. The American Naturalist, 151, 264-276. URL PMID
[7]	Elton CS (1958). The Ecology of Invasion by Animals and Plants. Chapmanand Hall, London. 143-153.
[8]	Gao JF ( 高俊峰), Zhang YX ( 张芸香) (2005). Species diversity in overlapped zones of typical secondary forests in Guandishan Mountains. Acta Botanica Boreali- Occidentalia Sinica (西北植物学报), 25, 2017-2023. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]	Gao RM ( 高润梅), Guo JP ( 郭晋平) (2010). Succession and prediction of the riparian forest in upper-reach of Wenyuhe watershed. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 30, 1564-1572. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]	Gao RM ( 高润梅), Guo JP ( 郭晋平), Guo YD ( 郭跃东) (2011a). Characteristics of soil seed bank and tree regenerations of riparian forests in the upper reach of Wenyuhe watershed in Shanxi Province. Plant Science Journal (植物科学学报), 29, 580-588. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]	Gao RM ( 高润梅), Guo JP ( 郭晋平), Guo YD ( 郭跃东), Zhang DX ( 张东旭) (2011b). Community structure and plant diversity characteristics of riparian forests on upper reaches of Wenyuhe River. Forest Research (林业科学研究), 24(1), 74-81. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]	Grime JP (1998). Benefits of plant diversity to ecosystems: immediate, filter and founder effects. Journal of Ecology, 86, 902-910.
[13]	Guo JP ( 郭晋平), Li HB ( 李海波), Liu N ( 刘宁), Zhang YX ( 张芸香) (2009). Comparison of responses of Larix principis-rupprechtii and Picea meyeri seedling growth to light availability and planting density under controlled environment. Scientia Silvae Sinicae (林业科学), 45, 53-59. (in Chinese with English abstract) DOI URL
[14]	Guo QQ ( 郭其强), Zhang WH ( 张文辉), Cao XP ( 曹旭平) (2009). Establishment of an evaluation model of the forest community stability based on fuzzy synthetic evaluation: a case study of main forest communities in Huanglong Mountains. Scientia Silvae Sinicae (林业科学), 45, 19-24. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]	Guo YD ( 郭跃东), Guo JP ( 郭晋平), Zhang YX ( 张芸香), Ji JC ( 吉久昌) (2010). Environmental gradient analysis and succession process of riparian forest communities in upper reach of Wenyuhe watershed. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 30, 4046-4055. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]	Ives AR, Carpenter SR (2007). Stability and diversity of ecosystems. Science, 317, 58-62. URL PMID
[17]	Liu XW ( 柳新伟), Zhou HC ( 周厚诚), Li P ( 李萍), Peng SL ( 彭少麟) (2004). A conceptual analysis of ecosystem stability. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 24, 2635-2640. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]	Lu QB ( 鲁庆彬), You WY ( 游卫云), Zhao CJ ( 赵昌杰), Wang XW ( 王向伟), Meng XX ( 孟秀祥) (2011). Effects of tourism disturbance on plant diversity in Qingshan Lake scenic area of Zhejiang Province. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 22, 295-302. (in Chinese with English abstract) URL PMID
[19]	MacArthur RH (1955). Fluctuations of animal populations, and a measure of community stability. Ecology, 36, 533-536.
[20]	Ma FY ( 马风云) (2002). Research advances on ecosystem stability. Journal of Desert Research (中国沙漠), 22, 401-407. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]	Ma JM ( 马姜明), Li K ( 李昆) (2004). Current situation of research and prospects on forest ecosystem stability. World Forestry Research (世界林业研究), 17, 15-19. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]	McCann K, Hastings A, Huxel GR (1998). Weak trophic interactions and the balance of nature. Nature, 395, 794-798.
[23]	McCann KS (2000). The diversity-stability debate. Nature, 405, 228-233. URL PMID
[24]	Meng XY ( 孟宪宇) (2006). Forest Measuration (测树学) 3rd edn. China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing. 139-141. (in Chinese)
[25]	Moore JC, Hunt HW (1988). Resource compartmentation and the stability of real ecosystems. Nature, 333, 261-263.
[26]	Naiman RJ, Décamps H (1997). The ecology of interfaces: riparian zones. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 28, 621-658.
[27]	Naiman RJ, Décamps H, McClain ME, (2005). Riparian- Ecology, Conservation and Management of Streamside Communities. Academic Press, London. 91-120.
[28]	Naiman RJ, Robern EB, Bisson PA (2000). Riparian ecology and management in the Pacific coastal rain forest. BioScience, 50, 996-1011.
[29]	Polis GA (1998). Stability is woven by complex webs. Nature, 395, 744-745.
[30]	Richardson DM, Holmes PM, Esler KJ, Galatowitsch SM, Stromberg JC, Kirkman SP, Pyšek P, Hobbs RJ (2007). Riparian vegetation: degradation, alien plant invasions, and restoration prospects. Diversity and Distributions, 13, 126-139. DOI URL
[31]	Tilman D, Downing JA (1994). Biodiversity and stability in grasslands. Nature, 367, 363-365. DOI URL
[32]	Walker BH (1992). Biodiversity and ecological redundancy. Conservation Biology, 6, 18-23. DOI URL
[33]	Wan HL ( 万慧霖), Feng ZW ( 冯宗炜) (2008). Species composition and succession trend of evergreen broad-leaved forest in Lushan Mountain, Jiangxi Province, China. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 28, 1147-1156. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[34]	Wang GH ( 王国宏) (2002). Further thoughts on diversity and stability in ecosystem. Biodiversity Science (生物多样性), 10, 126-134. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[35]	Wang LH ( 王立海), Meng C ( 孟春) (2005). Landscape diversity and stability of Korean pine broad-leaved forest in Xiaoxing’anling forest region. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 16, 2267-2270. (in Chinese with English abstract) URL PMID
[36]	Wang QH ( 王庆海), Yuan XH ( 袁小环), Wu JY ( 武菊英), Teng WJ ( 滕文军) (2008). Index system and fuzzy synthetic assessment in landscape evaluation of ornamental grasses. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 19, 381-386. (in Chinese with English abstract) URL PMID
[37]	Xu H ( 许涵), Li YD ( 李意德), Luo TS ( 骆土寿), Lin MX ( 林明献), Chen DX ( 陈德祥), Mo JH ( 莫锦华), Luo W ( 罗文), Hong XJ ( 洪小江), Jiang ZL ( 蒋忠亮) (2009). Community structure characteristics of tropical montane rain forests with different regeneration types in Jianfengling. Scientia Silvae Sinicae (林业科学), 45, 14-20. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[38]	Yan DF ( 闫东锋), Wang XY ( 王向阳), Yang XT ( 杨喜田) (2011). Comparison of the analysis methods for forest community stability using principal component analysis and stability degree index methods. Journal of Henan Agricultural University (河南农业大学学报), 45, 166-171, 182. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[39]	Yang HX ( 阳含熙), Pan YD ( 潘愉德), Wu YG ( 伍业钢) (1988). Markov chain model of succession of the mixed broadleaf Korean pine forest at Changbaishan biosphere reserves in China. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 8, 211-219. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[40]	Zhang JC ( 张建春), Peng BZ ( 彭补拙) (2002). A study on riparian area and its ecological rehabilitation. Geographical Research (地理研究), 21, 373-383. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[41]	Zhang JT ( 张金屯) (2004). Quantitative Ecology (数量生态学) 2nd edn. Chinese Science and Technology Press, Beijing. 94-98. (in Chinese)
[42]	Zhang JY ( 张继义), Zhao HL ( 赵哈林) (2003). Review on the study of vegetation stability. Chinese Journal of Ecology (生态学杂志), 22, 42-48. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[43]	Zhang LM ( 张立敏), Chen B ( 陈斌), Li ZY ( 李正跃) (2010). Analysis of the species diversity and community stability in local-community using the neutral theory. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 30, 1556-1563. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[44]	Zhang M ( 张谧), Xiong GM ( 熊高明), Zhao CM ( 赵常明), Chen ZG ( 陈志刚), Xie ZQ ( 谢宗强) (2003). The structures and patterns of a Fagus engleriana-Cyclobalanopsis oxyodon community in Shennongjia Area, Hubei Province. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica (植物生态学报), 27, 603-609. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[45]	Zheng YR ( 郑元润) (2000). Comparison of methods for studying stability of forest community. Scientia Silvae Sinicae (林业科学), 36, 28-32. (in Chinese with English abstract)

群落类型 Community type	海拔 Elevation (m)	坡度 Slope (°)	坡向 Slope aspect (°)	郁闭度 Canopy coverage	样地数量 Plot number
1 青杨林 PCS	1 680	0-2	275	0.40-0.45	3
2 青杨辽东栎混交林 PQM	1 818-1 935	0-16	110-243	0.36-0.40	3
3 青杨白桦混交林 PBM	1 830-1 869	0-8	197-297	0.45-0.48	6
4 杨桦落叶松混交林 PBL	1 940-2 144	22-40	180-299	0.44-0.50	6
5 青杨白杄混交林 PPM	1 818-1 935	2-15	60-168	0.50-0.53	3
6 杨桦青杄混交林 PBP	1 935-2 099	8-25	60-197	0.48-0.55	6
7 油松白桦混交林 TBM	1 780-1 820	17-25	290-310	0.60-0.70	5
8 落叶松辽东栎混交林 LQM	1 820-1 950	23-25	310-330	0.60-0.63	5
9 落叶松青杨混交林 LPM	1 980-2 135	15-36	241-304	0.60-0.68	4
10 白杄杨桦混交林 PPB	1 895-1 935	0-15	110-164	0.68-0.71	3
11 落叶松白杄混交林 LMM	1 785-2 030	4-27	142-224	0.75-0.78	3
12 落叶松青杄混交林 LWM	1 950-2 250	18-33	221-327	0.68-0.72	6
13 青杄林 PWS	2 020-2 270	0-10	22-83	0.75-0.80	3

群落类型 Community type	海拔 Elevation (m)	坡度 Slope (°)	坡向 Slope aspect (°)	郁闭度 Canopy coverage	样地数量 Plot number
1 青杨林 PCS	1 680	0-2	275	0.40-0.45	3
2 青杨辽东栎混交林 PQM	1 818-1 935	0-16	110-243	0.36-0.40	3
3 青杨白桦混交林 PBM	1 830-1 869	0-8	197-297	0.45-0.48	6
4 杨桦落叶松混交林 PBL	1 940-2 144	22-40	180-299	0.44-0.50	6
5 青杨白杄混交林 PPM	1 818-1 935	2-15	60-168	0.50-0.53	3
6 杨桦青杄混交林 PBP	1 935-2 099	8-25	60-197	0.48-0.55	6
7 油松白桦混交林 TBM	1 780-1 820	17-25	290-310	0.60-0.70	5
8 落叶松辽东栎混交林 LQM	1 820-1 950	23-25	310-330	0.60-0.63	5
9 落叶松青杨混交林 LPM	1 980-2 135	15-36	241-304	0.60-0.68	4
10 白杄杨桦混交林 PPB	1 895-1 935	0-15	110-164	0.68-0.71	3
11 落叶松白杄混交林 LMM	1 785-2 030	4-27	142-224	0.75-0.78	3
12 落叶松青杄混交林 LWM	1 950-2 250	18-33	221-327	0.68-0.72	6
13 青杄林 PWS	2 020-2 270	0-10	22-83	0.75-0.80	3

群落类型 Community type	幼苗 Seedling (%)	标准值 Standard value	幼树 Sapling (%)	标准值 Standard value	平均值 Mean
1 青杨林 PCS	49.22	500.46	2.03	26.43	263.44
2 青杨辽东栎混交林 PQM	44.81	455.62	76.80	1 000.00	727.81
3 青杨白桦混交林 PBM	21.94	223.08	48.17	627.21	425.15
4 杨桦落叶松混交林 PBL	1.33	13.52	17.53	228.26	120.89
5 青杨白杄混交林 PPM	2.45	24.91	39.54	514.84	269.88
6 杨桦青杄混交林 PBP	41.58	422.78	10.61	138.15	280.46
7 油松白桦混交林 TBM	69.47	706.35	58.20	757.81	732.08
8 落叶松辽东栎混交林 LQM	10.46	106.35	15.69	204.30	155.33
9 落叶松青杨混交林 LPM	2.52	25.62	17.65	229.82	127.72
10 白杄杨桦混交林 PPB	69.47	706.35	15.98	208.07	457.21
11 落叶松白杄混交林 LMM	98.35	1 000.00	42.18	549.22	774.61
12 落叶松青杄混交林 LWM	66.41	675.24	35.98	468.49	571.87
13 青杄林 PWS	52.23	531.06	19.03	247.79	389.42

群落类型 Community type	幼苗 Seedling (%)	标准值 Standard value	幼树 Sapling (%)	标准值 Standard value	平均值 Mean
1 青杨林 PCS	49.22	500.46	2.03	26.43	263.44
2 青杨辽东栎混交林 PQM	44.81	455.62	76.80	1 000.00	727.81
3 青杨白桦混交林 PBM	21.94	223.08	48.17	627.21	425.15
4 杨桦落叶松混交林 PBL	1.33	13.52	17.53	228.26	120.89
5 青杨白杄混交林 PPM	2.45	24.91	39.54	514.84	269.88
6 杨桦青杄混交林 PBP	41.58	422.78	10.61	138.15	280.46
7 油松白桦混交林 TBM	69.47	706.35	58.20	757.81	732.08
8 落叶松辽东栎混交林 LQM	10.46	106.35	15.69	204.30	155.33
9 落叶松青杨混交林 LPM	2.52	25.62	17.65	229.82	127.72
10 白杄杨桦混交林 PPB	69.47	706.35	15.98	208.07	457.21
11 落叶松白杄混交林 LMM	98.35	1 000.00	42.18	549.22	774.61
12 落叶松青杄混交林 LWM	66.41	675.24	35.98	468.49	571.87
13 青杄林 PWS	52.23	531.06	19.03	247.79	389.42

群落类型 Community type	层次 Layer	S	D	H	J_D	J_H	平均值 Mean
1 青杨林 PCS	乔木 Tree	347.83	56.34	72.85	98.90	177.78	613.78
	灌木 Shrub	301.89	780.22	520.16	969.39	968.75
	草本 Herb	966.67	1 000.00	996.89	948.98	1 000.00
2 青杨辽东栎混交林 PQM	乔木 Tree	638.26	802.82	682.12	934.07	955.56	849.27
	灌木 Shrub	805.28	923.08	846.77	948.98	927.08
	草本 Herb	589.00	947.37	801.24	979.59	957.89
3 青杨白桦混交林 PBM	乔木 Tree	565.22	816.90	655.63	923.08	944.44	827.33
	灌木 Shrub	498.11	890.11	709.68	979.59	979.17
	草本 Herb	746.67	957.89	847.83	969.39	926.32
4 杨桦落叶松混交林 PBL	乔木 Tree	521.74	732.39	576.16	857.14	877.78	781.25
	灌木 Shrub	498.11	824.18	629.03	918.37	906.25
	草本 Herb	753.33	936.84	822.98	959.18	905.26
5 青杨白杄混交林 PPM	乔木 Tree	986.09	1 000.00	966.89	945.05	933.33	920.69
	灌木 Shrub	679.25	934.07	810.48	979.59	958.33
	草本 Herb	766.67	968.42	913.04	979.59	989.47
6 杨桦青杄混交林 PBP	乔木 Tree	579.13	845.07	695.36	956.04	966.67	822.54
	灌木 Shrub	452.83	780.22	592.74	908.16	906.25
	草本 Herb	855.67	978.95	894.41	989.80	936.84
7 油松白桦混交林 TBM	乔木 Tree	913.04	873.24	768.21	857.14	800.00	947.44
	灌木 Shrub	1 000.00	1 000.00	1 000.00	1 000.00	1 000.00
	草本 Herb	1 000.00	1 000.00	1 000.00	1 000.00	1 000.00
8 落叶松辽东栎混交林 LQM	乔木 Tree	1 000.00	901.41	847.68	857.14	811.11	915.02
	灌木 Shrub	867.92	978.02	927.42	989.80	979.17
	草本 Herb	866.67	957.89	866.46	969.39	905.26
9 落叶松青杨混交林 LPM	乔木 Tree	638.26	901.41	754.97	978.02	1 000.00	839.93
	灌木 Shrub	471.70	868.13	677.42	979.59	979.17
	草本 Herb	791.67	926.32	819.88	938.78	873.68
10 白杄杨桦混交林 PPB	乔木 Tree	986.09	1056.34	1 000.00	1 000.00	966.67	900.90
	灌木 Shrub	603.77	912.09	758.06	969.39	947.92
	草本 Herb	666.67	947.37	813.66	959.18	926.32
11 落叶松白杄混交林 LMM	乔木 Tree	579.13	774.65	642.38	912.09	933.33	824.49
	灌木 Shrub	503.40	901.10	721.77	989.80	989.58
	草本 Herb	766.67	947.37	841.61	959.18	905.26
12 落叶松青杄混交林 LWM	乔木 Tree	869.57	929.58	847.68	923.08	900.00	868.54
	灌木 Shrub	503.40	868.13	693.55	959.18	958.33
	草本 Herb	911.00	947.37	863.35	959.18	894.74
13 青杄林 PWS	乔木 Tree	695.65	830.99	728.48	857.14	888.89	812.23
	灌木 Shrub	704.15	912.09	798.39	948.98	927.08
	草本 Herb	866.67	789.47	692.55	806.12	736.84