Distribution, characteristics and classification of Caryopteris mongholica communities in northern China

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2022.0239

Abstract

Abstract:

Caryopteris mongholica is a key protected wildflower plant distributed in typical steppe, desertified steppe and desert areas. But there is a lack of research on its community characteristics and classification. This paper aims to study the distribution, characteristics and classification of C. mongholica in northern China and provide a reference for further protection and management. From 2018 to 2021, a total of 40 representative C. mongholica sites were selected in northern China, and their community characteristics were studied using the sample plot survey method. Results showed: (1) Caryopteris mongholica is concentrated in the eastern, central and western of Nei Mongol Plateau, the northern Loess Plateau, Hexi Corridor, Qilian Mountains and other northwest temperate desert or steppe areas in China, and is often the dominant or associated species in the communities. (2) According to the survey of 40 sample sites, a total of 149 species of seed plants were recorded, belonging to 107 genera of 37 families, among which 31 communities with C. mongholica as construction or dominant species and 140 species of seed plants were recorded, mainly Compositae, Leguminosae and Gramineae. Among them, 39 species were shrubs, dwarf- and semi-shrubs, 76 species were perennial herbs and 24 species were annuals and biennials. In the classification of species presence, 87.94% were occasional species with frequency distribution less than 20%. Wide-range xerophytes occupied the advantage (63.12%) in the water ecological types. Middle Asia elements (26.24%) were the major floristic geographic elements. (3) Based on the life form and dominance of species, the 31 C. mongholica communities were divided into 3 association groups, C. mongholica - herb association group, C. mongholica + shrub - herb association group and C. mongholica + shrub association group, which were further subdivided into 19 associations. (4) Longitude and annual precipitation significantly influence the distribution of C. mongholica communities and species diversity.

Key words: Caryopteris mongholica, population distribution, community characteristic, species diversity

YU Xiao, JI Ruo-Xuan, REN Tian-Meng, XIA Xin-Li, YIN Wei-Lun, LIU Chao. Distribution, characteristics and classification of Caryopteris mongholica communities in northern China[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2023, 47(8): 1182-1192.

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2023/V47/I8/1182

Figures/Tables 5

References 38

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编号 No.	调查地点 Survey site	纬度 Latitude (° N)	经度 Longitude (° E)	海拔 Altitude (m)	年降水量 Mean annual precipitation (mm)	年平均气温 Mean annual air temperature (℃)	调查时间 Survey time
1	内蒙古呼和浩特市土默特左旗 Tumd Left Banner, Hohhot, Nei Mongol	40.77	111.22	1 123	291	5.92	2018-08-02
2	内蒙古呼和浩特市武川县 Wuchuan County, Hohhot, Nei Mongol	41.10	111.77	1 625	291	2.89	2018-08-12
3	内蒙古呼和浩特市清水河县 Qingshuihe County, Hohhot, Nei Mongol	39.65	111.44	1 210	397	6.55	2018-08-10
4	内蒙古呼和浩特市和林格尔县 Horinger County, Hohhot, Nei Mongol	40.41	111.93	1 299	341	5.11	2018-08-11
5	内蒙古鄂尔多斯市达拉特旗 Dalad Banner, Ordos, Nei Mongol	39.94	109.58	1 349	325	6.37	2018-08-03
6	内蒙古鄂尔多斯市鄂托克旗乌兰镇 Ulan Town, Otog Banner, Ordos, Nei Mongol	39.25	108.04	1 396	288	7.02	2018-08-03
7	内蒙古鄂尔多斯市鄂托克旗蒙西镇 Mengxi Town, Otog Banner, Ordos, Nei Mongol	40.08	106.92	1 196	152	8.02	2018-08-04
8	内蒙古鄂尔多斯市鄂托克前旗 Otog Front Banner, Ordos, Nei Mongol	38.41	107.61	1 326	304	7.75	2018-08-07
9	内蒙古鄂尔多斯市乌审旗 Uxin Banner, Ordos, Nei Mongol	37.72	108.55	1 321	371	8.44	2018-08-07
10	内蒙古鄂尔多斯市准格尔旗 Jungar Banner, Ordos, Nei Mongol	39.84	110.98	1 271	382	6.32	2018-08-10
11	内蒙古乌兰察布市凉城县 Liangcheng County, Ulan Qab, Nei Mongol	40.68	112.22	1 336	317	4.75	2018-08-11
12	内蒙古锡林郭勒盟苏尼特右旗 Sonid Right Banner, Xilin Gol, Nei Mongol	42.57	112.43	1 269	223	4.60	2018-08-12
13	内蒙古锡林郭勒盟二连浩特市 Erenhot, Xilin Gol, Nei Mongol	43.58	112.02	971	175	4.13	2018-08-13
14	内蒙古锡林郭勒盟阿巴嘎旗 Abag Banner, Xilin Gol, Nei Mongol	43.90	115.35	1 190	246	1.83	2018-08-13
15	内蒙古锡林郭勒盟东乌珠穆沁旗 Dong Ujimqin Banner, Xilin Gol, Nei Mongol	45.66	116.76	1 018	247	1.03	2018-08-14
16	内蒙古锡林郭勒盟锡林浩特市 Xilinhot City, Xilin Gol, Nei Mongol	43.58	116.14	1 295	302	1.72	2018-08-15
17	内蒙古锡林郭勒盟正镶白旗 Zhengxiangbai Banner, Xilin Gol, Nei Mongol	42.26	114.97	1 421	319	2.96	2018-08-15
18	内蒙古阿拉善盟阿拉善右旗 Alxa Right Banner, Alxa, Nei Mongol	39.79	103.41	1 382	88	8.67	2021-08-01
19	内蒙古阿拉善盟阿拉善左旗 Alxa Left Banner, Alxa, Nei Mongol	38.88	105.73	1 654	202	6.95	2018-08-05
20	宁夏中卫市沙坡头区 Shapotou District, Zhongwei, Ningxia	37.66	105.37	1 332	194	9.59	2018-08-05
21	宁夏银川市贺兰县 Helan County, Yinchuan, Ningxia	38.69	105.98	1 329	193	8.38	2018-08-06
22	河北省张家口市康保县 Kangbao County, Zhangjiakou, Hebei	41.99	114.85	1 621	362	2.73	2018-08-16
23	陕西省榆林市神木市大柳塔乡 Daliuta Town, Shenmu County, Yulin, Shaanxi	39.29	110.33	1 206	399	7.19	2018-08-09
24	陕西省榆林市神木市西沟街 Xigou Street, Shenmu County, Yulin, Shaanxi	38.81	110.48	978	422	8.53	2020-08-25
25	陕西省榆林市榆阳区红石桥乡 Hongshiqiao Town, Yuyang District, Yulin, Shaanxi	38.10	109.12	1 123	366	8.80	2020-08-18
26	陕西省榆林市榆阳区镇川镇 Zhenchuan Town, Yuyang District, Yulin, Shaanxi	37.86	110.11	911	446	9.43	2020-08-20
27	陕西省榆林市横山区 Hengshan District, Yulin, Shaanxi	38.02	109.68	1 064	425	8.98	2020-08-18
28	陕西省榆林市靖边县 Jingbian County, Yulin, Shaanxi	37.50	108.98	1 556	405	7.60	2020-08-19
29	山西省吕梁市兴县 Xing County, Lüliang, Shanxi	38.48	111.06	975	475	8.38	2020-08-22
30	山西省忻州市保德县 Baode County, Xinzhou, Shanxi	39.01	111.10	997	434	8.11	2020-08-24
31	山西省忻州市河曲县 Hequ County, Xinzhou, Shanxi	39.28	111.25	931	405	8.00	2020-08-24
32	甘肃省兰州市安宁区 Anning District, Lanzhou, Gansu	36.11	103.74	1 624	345	9.24	2019-08-22
33	甘肃省白银市景泰县 Jingtai County, Baiyin, Gansu	37.05	104.04	1 735	209	7.45	2021-07-30
34	甘肃省武威市凉州区 Liangzhou District, Wuwei, Gansu	37.69	102.56	2 532	272	4.07	2021-07-31
35	甘肃省张掖市甘州区 Ganzhou District, Zhangye, Gansu	39.10	100.52	1 565	190	7.49	2021-08-04
36	甘肃省张掖市肃南裕固族自治县 Sunan Yugurzu Autonomous County, Zhangye, Gansu	39.11	99.48	2 165	278	1.61	2021-08-05
37	甘肃省嘉峪关市文殊镇 Wenshu Town, Jiayuguan, Gansu	39.69	97.95	2 016	124	4.85	2021-08-06
38	甘肃省酒泉市瓜州县 Guazhou County, Jiuquan, Gansu	41.12	95.51	1 784	67	6.22	2021-08-08
39	甘肃省酒泉市肃北蒙古族自治县鹰嘴山 Yingzui Mountain, Subei Mongolzu Autonomous County, Jiuquan, Gansu	39.75	96.35	2 805	131	1.43	2021-08-07
40	甘肃省酒泉市肃北蒙古族自治县马鬃山 Mazong Mountain, Subei Mongolzu Autonomous County, Jiuquan, Gansu	41.55	96.97	2 036	88	4.06	2021-08-09

编号 No.	调查地点 Survey site	纬度 Latitude (° N)	经度 Longitude (° E)	海拔 Altitude (m)	年降水量 Mean annual precipitation (mm)	年平均气温 Mean annual air temperature (℃)	调查时间 Survey time
1	内蒙古呼和浩特市土默特左旗 Tumd Left Banner, Hohhot, Nei Mongol	40.77	111.22	1 123	291	5.92	2018-08-02
2	内蒙古呼和浩特市武川县 Wuchuan County, Hohhot, Nei Mongol	41.10	111.77	1 625	291	2.89	2018-08-12
3	内蒙古呼和浩特市清水河县 Qingshuihe County, Hohhot, Nei Mongol	39.65	111.44	1 210	397	6.55	2018-08-10
4	内蒙古呼和浩特市和林格尔县 Horinger County, Hohhot, Nei Mongol	40.41	111.93	1 299	341	5.11	2018-08-11
5	内蒙古鄂尔多斯市达拉特旗 Dalad Banner, Ordos, Nei Mongol	39.94	109.58	1 349	325	6.37	2018-08-03
6	内蒙古鄂尔多斯市鄂托克旗乌兰镇 Ulan Town, Otog Banner, Ordos, Nei Mongol	39.25	108.04	1 396	288	7.02	2018-08-03
7	内蒙古鄂尔多斯市鄂托克旗蒙西镇 Mengxi Town, Otog Banner, Ordos, Nei Mongol	40.08	106.92	1 196	152	8.02	2018-08-04
8	内蒙古鄂尔多斯市鄂托克前旗 Otog Front Banner, Ordos, Nei Mongol	38.41	107.61	1 326	304	7.75	2018-08-07
9	内蒙古鄂尔多斯市乌审旗 Uxin Banner, Ordos, Nei Mongol	37.72	108.55	1 321	371	8.44	2018-08-07
10	内蒙古鄂尔多斯市准格尔旗 Jungar Banner, Ordos, Nei Mongol	39.84	110.98	1 271	382	6.32	2018-08-10
11	内蒙古乌兰察布市凉城县 Liangcheng County, Ulan Qab, Nei Mongol	40.68	112.22	1 336	317	4.75	2018-08-11
12	内蒙古锡林郭勒盟苏尼特右旗 Sonid Right Banner, Xilin Gol, Nei Mongol	42.57	112.43	1 269	223	4.60	2018-08-12
13	内蒙古锡林郭勒盟二连浩特市 Erenhot, Xilin Gol, Nei Mongol	43.58	112.02	971	175	4.13	2018-08-13
14	内蒙古锡林郭勒盟阿巴嘎旗 Abag Banner, Xilin Gol, Nei Mongol	43.90	115.35	1 190	246	1.83	2018-08-13
15	内蒙古锡林郭勒盟东乌珠穆沁旗 Dong Ujimqin Banner, Xilin Gol, Nei Mongol	45.66	116.76	1 018	247	1.03	2018-08-14
16	内蒙古锡林郭勒盟锡林浩特市 Xilinhot City, Xilin Gol, Nei Mongol	43.58	116.14	1 295	302	1.72	2018-08-15
17	内蒙古锡林郭勒盟正镶白旗 Zhengxiangbai Banner, Xilin Gol, Nei Mongol	42.26	114.97	1 421	319	2.96	2018-08-15
18	内蒙古阿拉善盟阿拉善右旗 Alxa Right Banner, Alxa, Nei Mongol	39.79	103.41	1 382	88	8.67	2021-08-01
19	内蒙古阿拉善盟阿拉善左旗 Alxa Left Banner, Alxa, Nei Mongol	38.88	105.73	1 654	202	6.95	2018-08-05
20	宁夏中卫市沙坡头区 Shapotou District, Zhongwei, Ningxia	37.66	105.37	1 332	194	9.59	2018-08-05
21	宁夏银川市贺兰县 Helan County, Yinchuan, Ningxia	38.69	105.98	1 329	193	8.38	2018-08-06
22	河北省张家口市康保县 Kangbao County, Zhangjiakou, Hebei	41.99	114.85	1 621	362	2.73	2018-08-16
23	陕西省榆林市神木市大柳塔乡 Daliuta Town, Shenmu County, Yulin, Shaanxi	39.29	110.33	1 206	399	7.19	2018-08-09
24	陕西省榆林市神木市西沟街 Xigou Street, Shenmu County, Yulin, Shaanxi	38.81	110.48	978	422	8.53	2020-08-25
25	陕西省榆林市榆阳区红石桥乡 Hongshiqiao Town, Yuyang District, Yulin, Shaanxi	38.10	109.12	1 123	366	8.80	2020-08-18
26	陕西省榆林市榆阳区镇川镇 Zhenchuan Town, Yuyang District, Yulin, Shaanxi	37.86	110.11	911	446	9.43	2020-08-20
27	陕西省榆林市横山区 Hengshan District, Yulin, Shaanxi	38.02	109.68	1 064	425	8.98	2020-08-18
28	陕西省榆林市靖边县 Jingbian County, Yulin, Shaanxi	37.50	108.98	1 556	405	7.60	2020-08-19
29	山西省吕梁市兴县 Xing County, Lüliang, Shanxi	38.48	111.06	975	475	8.38	2020-08-22
30	山西省忻州市保德县 Baode County, Xinzhou, Shanxi	39.01	111.10	997	434	8.11	2020-08-24
31	山西省忻州市河曲县 Hequ County, Xinzhou, Shanxi	39.28	111.25	931	405	8.00	2020-08-24
32	甘肃省兰州市安宁区 Anning District, Lanzhou, Gansu	36.11	103.74	1 624	345	9.24	2019-08-22
33	甘肃省白银市景泰县 Jingtai County, Baiyin, Gansu	37.05	104.04	1 735	209	7.45	2021-07-30
34	甘肃省武威市凉州区 Liangzhou District, Wuwei, Gansu	37.69	102.56	2 532	272	4.07	2021-07-31
35	甘肃省张掖市甘州区 Ganzhou District, Zhangye, Gansu	39.10	100.52	1 565	190	7.49	2021-08-04
36	甘肃省张掖市肃南裕固族自治县 Sunan Yugurzu Autonomous County, Zhangye, Gansu	39.11	99.48	2 165	278	1.61	2021-08-05
37	甘肃省嘉峪关市文殊镇 Wenshu Town, Jiayuguan, Gansu	39.69	97.95	2 016	124	4.85	2021-08-06
38	甘肃省酒泉市瓜州县 Guazhou County, Jiuquan, Gansu	41.12	95.51	1 784	67	6.22	2021-08-08
39	甘肃省酒泉市肃北蒙古族自治县鹰嘴山 Yingzui Mountain, Subei Mongolzu Autonomous County, Jiuquan, Gansu	39.75	96.35	2 805	131	1.43	2021-08-07
40	甘肃省酒泉市肃北蒙古族自治县马鬃山 Mazong Mountain, Subei Mongolzu Autonomous County, Jiuquan, Gansu	41.55	96.97	2 036	88	4.06	2021-08-09

群丛组 Association group	群丛 Association	样地编号 Plot number
蒙古莸-草本 Caryopteris mongholica - herb	蒙古莸-黄囊薹草 Caryopteris mongholica - Carex korshinskyi	P1, P3, P5, P19, P22, P23
	蒙古莸-糙隐子草 Caryopteris mongholica - Cleistogenes squarrosa	P7, P15, P16, P20
	蒙古莸-短花针茅 Caryopteris mongholica - Stipa breviflora	P17
	蒙古莸-丛生隐子草 Caryopteris mongholica - Cleistogenes caespitosa	P11, P14
	蒙古莸-白莲蒿 Caryopteris mongholica - Artemisia stechmanniana	P2
	蒙古莸-冷蒿 Caryopteris mongholica - Artemisia frigida	P4, P8
	蒙古莸-细叶石头花 Caryopteris mongholica - Gypsophila licentiana	P6,P24
	蒙古莸-蒺藜 Caryopteris mongholica - Tribulus terrestris	P31
蒙古莸+灌木-草本 Caryopteris mongholica + shrub - herb	蒙古莸+醉鱼草-狗尾草 Caryopteris mongholica + Buddleja lindleyana - Setaria viridis	P21
	蒙古莸+黑沙蒿-糙隐子草 Caryopteris mongholica + Artemisia ordosica - Cleistogenes squarrosa	P25
	蒙古莸+黑沙蒿-兴安胡枝子 Caryopteris mongholica + Artemisia ordosica - Lespedeza daurica	P27
	蒙古莸+黑沙蒿-白羊草 Caryopteris mongholica + Artemisia ordosica - Bothriochloa ischaemum	P29
	蒙古莸+黑沙蒿-狗尾草 Caryopteris mongholica + Artemisia ordosica - Setaria viridis	P30
	蒙古莸+灌木铁线莲-白羊草 Caryopteris mongholica + Clematis fruticosa - Bothriochloa ischaemum	P26
	蒙古莸+灌木铁线莲-菊蒿 Caryopteris mongholica + Clematis fruticosa - Tanacetum vulgare	P32
蒙古莸+灌木 Caryopteris mongholica + shrub	蒙古莸+霸王 Caryopteris mongholica + Zygophyllum xanthoxylon	P18, P36
	蒙古莸+狭叶锦鸡儿 Caryopteris mongholica + Caragana stenophylla	P33
	蒙古莸+荒漠锦鸡儿 Caryopteris mongholica + Caragana roborovskyi	P34
	蒙古莸+灌木亚菊 Caryopteris mongholica + Ajania fruticulosa	P39

群丛组 Association group	群丛 Association	样地编号 Plot number
蒙古莸-草本 Caryopteris mongholica - herb	蒙古莸-黄囊薹草 Caryopteris mongholica - Carex korshinskyi	P1, P3, P5, P19, P22, P23
	蒙古莸-糙隐子草 Caryopteris mongholica - Cleistogenes squarrosa	P7, P15, P16, P20
	蒙古莸-短花针茅 Caryopteris mongholica - Stipa breviflora	P17
	蒙古莸-丛生隐子草 Caryopteris mongholica - Cleistogenes caespitosa	P11, P14
	蒙古莸-白莲蒿 Caryopteris mongholica - Artemisia stechmanniana	P2
	蒙古莸-冷蒿 Caryopteris mongholica - Artemisia frigida	P4, P8
	蒙古莸-细叶石头花 Caryopteris mongholica - Gypsophila licentiana	P6,P24
	蒙古莸-蒺藜 Caryopteris mongholica - Tribulus terrestris	P31
蒙古莸+灌木-草本 Caryopteris mongholica + shrub - herb	蒙古莸+醉鱼草-狗尾草 Caryopteris mongholica + Buddleja lindleyana - Setaria viridis	P21
	蒙古莸+黑沙蒿-糙隐子草 Caryopteris mongholica + Artemisia ordosica - Cleistogenes squarrosa	P25
	蒙古莸+黑沙蒿-兴安胡枝子 Caryopteris mongholica + Artemisia ordosica - Lespedeza daurica	P27
	蒙古莸+黑沙蒿-白羊草 Caryopteris mongholica + Artemisia ordosica - Bothriochloa ischaemum	P29
	蒙古莸+黑沙蒿-狗尾草 Caryopteris mongholica + Artemisia ordosica - Setaria viridis	P30
	蒙古莸+灌木铁线莲-白羊草 Caryopteris mongholica + Clematis fruticosa - Bothriochloa ischaemum	P26
	蒙古莸+灌木铁线莲-菊蒿 Caryopteris mongholica + Clematis fruticosa - Tanacetum vulgare	P32
蒙古莸+灌木 Caryopteris mongholica + shrub	蒙古莸+霸王 Caryopteris mongholica + Zygophyllum xanthoxylon	P18, P36
	蒙古莸+狭叶锦鸡儿 Caryopteris mongholica + Caragana stenophylla	P33
	蒙古莸+荒漠锦鸡儿 Caryopteris mongholica + Caragana roborovskyi	P34
	蒙古莸+灌木亚菊 Caryopteris mongholica + Ajania fruticulosa	P39

指标 Index	生活型 Life form	相关系数 Correlation coefficient
指标 Index	生活型 Life form	纬度 Latitude	经度 Longitude	海拔 Altitude	年降水量 Mean annual precipitation	太阳辐射量 Solar radiation	年平均气温 Mean annual air temperature
物种丰富度 Species richness	灌木 Shrub	-0.288	-0.434^*	0.181	-0.564^**	0.315	0.310
物种丰富度 Species richness	草本 Herb	0.426^*	0.641^**	-0.337	0.418^*	-0.414^*	-0.248
Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index	灌木 Shrub	-0.368^*	-0.465^**	0.218	-0.413^*	0.245	0.327
Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index	草本 Herb	0.310	0.587^**	-0.281	0.532^**	-0.406^*	-0.233
Simpson多样性指数 Simpson diversity index	灌木 Shrub	-0.401^*	-0.465^**	0.218	-0.261	0.179	0.322
Simpson多样性指数 Simpson diversity index	草本 Herb	0.207	0.470^**	-0.175	0.525^**	-0.373^*	-0.239
Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index	灌木 Shrub	-0.193	-0.170	0.024	0.092	-0.026	0.184
Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index	草本 Herb	0.061	0.238	0.016	0.453^**	-0.292	-0.261