Progress in the theory, hypothesis and application of the methods measuring soil CO2 flux gradient

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2021.0427

Abstract

Abstract:

Soil respiration is mainly composed of the CO₂ released from atmosphere-soil interface and change of CO₂ stored in the soil. Understanding the production and migration of CO₂ in the soil is essential for measuring the carbon cycle in terrestrial ecosystems. The flux gradient method calculates soil CO₂ flux by measuring the diffusion-driven CO₂ concentration gradient and diffusion coefficient. The flux of soil CO₂ and its stable carbon isotopes composition (δ¹³C) at different depths can be calculated based on Fickʼs law. The amount of CO₂ released from soil and the amount of CO₂ stored in different soil layers can thus be measured. The underground soil CO₂ (¹³CO₂ and ¹²CO₂) concentration is mainly controlled by pore tortuosity, the depth of root distribution, microbial activity and total soil CO₂ production. The underground CO₂ transmission process is mainly controlled by the CO₂ concentrations, porosity and water content at different depths of the soil. These physical, chemical and biological features of the soil are key factors affecting the application of the soil flux gradient method, and directly determine the precision and accuracy of soil CO₂ and its δ¹³C flux calculation. The gradient method is a useful complement to the chamber method, which can clarify the process of production and migration of soil CO₂ at different depths and thus the impacts on the release and storage of soil CO₂, elucidating the contribution of soils at different depths to CO₂ release and uncovering the underlying environmental and physical mechanisms.

Key words: flux gradient method, CO₂ concentration gradient, diffusion coefficient, CO₂ flux, δ¹³C flux

WANG Jing-Yuan, WEI Jie, WEN Xue-Fa. Progress in the theory, hypothesis and application of the methods measuring soil CO₂ flux gradient[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2022, 46(12): 1523-1536.

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单因子模型 One-factor model	参考文献 Reference	双因子模型 Two-factor model	参考文献 Reference
${{D}_{\text{s}}}={{D}_{0}}\theta _{\text{a}}^{2}$	Buckingham, 1904	${{D}_{\text{s}}}\text{= }{{D}_{0}}{{(\frac{{{\theta }_{\text{a}}}}{\Phi })}^{4}}{{\Phi }^{\frac{3}{2}}}$	Currie, 1970
${{D}_{\text{s}}}={{D}_{0}}0.66{{\theta }_{\text{a}}}$	Penman, 1940	${{D}_{\text{s}}}\text{= }{{D}_{0}}0.18{{\left( \frac{{{\theta }_{\text{a}}}}{\Phi } \right)}^{2.98}}$	Sadeghi et al., 1989
${{D}_{\text{s}}}={{D}_{0}}{{\theta }_{\text{a}}}^{\frac{3}{2}}$	Marshall, 1959	${{D}_{\text{s}}}\text{= }{{D}_{0}}{{\frac{{{\theta }_{\text{a}}}}{{{\Phi }^{2}}}}^{2.51}}$	Xu et al., 1992
${{D}_{\text{s}}}={{D}_{0}}{{\theta }_{\text{a}}}^{\frac{4}{3}}$	Millington, 1959	${{D}_{\text{s}}}\text{= }{{D}_{0}}0.66{{\theta }_{a}}{{\left( \frac{{{\theta }_{\text{a}}}}{\Phi } \right)}^{\frac{12-m}{3}}}$	Moldrup et al., 1997
${{D}_{\text{s}}}={{D}_{0}}{{\theta }_{\text{a}}}^{\frac{\text{10}}{3}}$	Millington & Quirk, 1961	${{D}_{\text{s}}}\text{= }{{D}_{0}}{{\Phi }^{2}}{{\left( \frac{{{\theta }_{\text{a}}}}{\Phi } \right)}^{\beta s}}$	Moldrup et al., 1999
${{D}_{\text{s}}}={{D}_{0}}{{\theta }_{\text{a}}}^{\frac{5}{3}}$	Lai et al., 1976	${{D}_{\text{s}}}\text{= }{{D}_{0}}\theta _{\text{a}}^{b}$	Moldrup et al., 2000
${{D}_{\text{s}}}={{D}_{0}}0.98{{\theta }_{\text{a}}}^{1.315}$	Jabro et al., 2012	${{D}_{\text{s}}}\text{= }{{D}_{0}}\left( \frac{{{\theta }_{\text{a}}}-{{\varepsilon }_{t}}}{1-{{\varepsilon }_{t}}} \right)$	Ghanbarian-Alavijeh & Hunt, 2012
${{D}_{\text{s}}}={{D}_{0}}11.62{{\theta }_{\text{a}}}^{3.05}$	Sánchez-Ca?ete et al., 2017
${{D}_{\text{s}}}={{D}_{0}}4.97{{\theta }_{\text{a}}}^{2.56}$	Sánchez-Ca?ete et al., 2017

单因子模型 One-factor model	参考文献 Reference	双因子模型 Two-factor model	参考文献 Reference
${{D}_{\text{s}}}={{D}_{0}}\theta _{\text{a}}^{2}$	Buckingham, 1904	${{D}_{\text{s}}}\text{= }{{D}_{0}}{{(\frac{{{\theta }_{\text{a}}}}{\Phi })}^{4}}{{\Phi }^{\frac{3}{2}}}$	Currie, 1970
${{D}_{\text{s}}}={{D}_{0}}0.66{{\theta }_{\text{a}}}$	Penman, 1940	${{D}_{\text{s}}}\text{= }{{D}_{0}}0.18{{\left( \frac{{{\theta }_{\text{a}}}}{\Phi } \right)}^{2.98}}$	Sadeghi et al., 1989
${{D}_{\text{s}}}={{D}_{0}}{{\theta }_{\text{a}}}^{\frac{3}{2}}$	Marshall, 1959	${{D}_{\text{s}}}\text{= }{{D}_{0}}{{\frac{{{\theta }_{\text{a}}}}{{{\Phi }^{2}}}}^{2.51}}$	Xu et al., 1992
${{D}_{\text{s}}}={{D}_{0}}{{\theta }_{\text{a}}}^{\frac{4}{3}}$	Millington, 1959	${{D}_{\text{s}}}\text{= }{{D}_{0}}0.66{{\theta }_{a}}{{\left( \frac{{{\theta }_{\text{a}}}}{\Phi } \right)}^{\frac{12-m}{3}}}$	Moldrup et al., 1997
${{D}_{\text{s}}}={{D}_{0}}{{\theta }_{\text{a}}}^{\frac{\text{10}}{3}}$	Millington & Quirk, 1961	${{D}_{\text{s}}}\text{= }{{D}_{0}}{{\Phi }^{2}}{{\left( \frac{{{\theta }_{\text{a}}}}{\Phi } \right)}^{\beta s}}$	Moldrup et al., 1999
${{D}_{\text{s}}}={{D}_{0}}{{\theta }_{\text{a}}}^{\frac{5}{3}}$	Lai et al., 1976	${{D}_{\text{s}}}\text{= }{{D}_{0}}\theta _{\text{a}}^{b}$	Moldrup et al., 2000
${{D}_{\text{s}}}={{D}_{0}}0.98{{\theta }_{\text{a}}}^{1.315}$	Jabro et al., 2012	${{D}_{\text{s}}}\text{= }{{D}_{0}}\left( \frac{{{\theta }_{\text{a}}}-{{\varepsilon }_{t}}}{1-{{\varepsilon }_{t}}} \right)$	Ghanbarian-Alavijeh & Hunt, 2012
${{D}_{\text{s}}}={{D}_{0}}11.62{{\theta }_{\text{a}}}^{3.05}$	Sánchez-Ca?ete et al., 2017
${{D}_{\text{s}}}={{D}_{0}}4.97{{\theta }_{\text{a}}}^{2.56}$	Sánchez-Ca?ete et al., 2017

Progress in the theory, hypothesis and application of the methods measuring soil CO₂ flux gradient

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