Seasonal dynamics of radial growth of Pinus koraiensis and Ulmus davidiana var. japonica are related to environmental factors in Changbai Mountain, China

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0216

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Intra-annual radial growth monitoring using the micro-coring method provides high-resolution and dynamic tree growth information, which is essential for understanding trees’ responses to climate change.
Methods In this study, we utilized the micro-coring method to monitor the seasonal growth dynamics of Pinus koraiensisand Ulmus davidianavar. japonicain the mixed broadleaf-Korean pine forest of Changbai Mountain.
Important findings Our comparative analyses revealed that: (1) The cell enlargement for U. davidianavar. japonica (day of the year (DOY) 116.0 ± 4.70) occurred earlier than that for P. koraiensis (DOY 125.0 ± 2.64), with both species showing a similar trend of initial increase followed by a decrease in cell enlargement length; (2) The growth rate peak for P. koraiensis occurred earlier than that for U. davidianavar. japonica, but the growth duration of U. davidianavar. japonica was longer than that of P. koraiensis. The average xylem growth rate of P. koraiensis was 3.4 μm·d^-1, with a maximum rate of 9.4 μm·d^-1, whereas for U. davidianavar. japonica, the rates were 11.0 and 23.0 μm·d^-1; (3) Both species exhibited highly consistent response trends to environmental factors, although U. davidianavar. japonica exhibited a less intense response to climatic factors compared to P. koraiensis. The radial growth lengths of both species showed significant positive correlations with mean, maximum and minimum air temperatures, relative humidity, and soil temperature, and significant negative correlations with photosynthetically active radiation and vapor pressure deficit. No significant correlations were observed with soil water content and precipitation. Temperature emerged as the primary climatic factor influencing radial growth of P. koraiensis and U. davidianavar. japonica throughout the year, with soil temperature being the most critical climatic factor.

Key words: radial growth, Pinus koraiensis, Ulmus davidiana var. japonica, climatic response, xylem, micro-coring method

LI Gang-Dun, QIAN Ni-Peng, WANG Lin-Xu, DONG Chun-Chao, LIU Qi-Jing. Seasonal dynamics of radial growth of Pinus koraiensis and Ulmus davidiana var. japonica are related to environmental factors in Changbai Mountain, China[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2025, 49(7): 1110-1118.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2024.0216

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2025/V49/I7/1110

Figures/Tables 5

Fig. 1 Seasonal process of climate at the observation site in the mixed broadleaf-Korean pine forest. PAR, photosynthetically active radiation; Pre, precipitation; RH, relative humidity; SWC, soil water content; Tmax, maximum air temperature; Tmean, mean air temperature; Tmin, minimum air temperature; ST, soil temperature; VPD, vapor pressure deficit.

Fig. 2 Seasonal patterns of xylem-cell differentiation for Pinus koraiensis and Ulmus davidiana var. japonica in 2023 in the mixed broadleaf-Korean pine forest of Changbai Mountain (mean ± SD).

Table 1 Timing and duration of cell occurrence at different stages of Pinus koraiensis and Ulmus davidiana var. japonica in the mixed broadleaf-Korean pine forest of Changbai Mountain (mean ± SD)

树种 Species	扩大阶段 Enlargement stage		壁增厚阶段 Wall-thickening stage		成熟阶段 Lignification stage		生长季持续时间 Duration of growing season (d)
树种 Species	开始 Onset (DOY)	结束 End (DOY)	开始 Onset (DOY)	结束 End (DOY)	开始 Onset (DOY)	结束 End (DOY)	生长季持续时间 Duration of growing season (d)
红松 P. koraiensis	125 ± 2.6	238 ± 2.3	143 ± 2.5	245 ± 5.1	161 ± 6.2	250 ± 4.2	125 ± 2.0
春榆 U. davidiana var. japonica	116 ± 4.7	241 ± 5.4	130 ± 7.6	246 ± 6.4	133 ± 2.0	270 ± 3.0	154 ± 2.0

Fig. 3 Seasonal dynamics of accumulated growth and growth rate in xylem of P. koraiensis and U. davidiana var. japonica. Dots represent the total radial growth length for each species; curves in A and B are Gompertz model fitting curves for each tree species, while C and D represent the daily growth rate curves.

Fig. 4 Relationship between radial growth of Pinus koraiensis (Pk) and Ulmus davidiana var. japonica (Uj) and environmental factors. PAR, photosynthetically active radiation; Pre, precipitation; RH, relative humidity; SWC, soil water content; Tmax, maximum air temperature; Tmean, mean air temperature; Tmin, minimum air temperature; ST, soil temperature; VPD, vapor pressure deficit.

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