植物生态学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (4): 284-295.doi: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0213
刘程竹1,2,贾娟1,2,戴国华1,马田1,2,冯晓娟1,2,*()
收稿日期:
2018-08-27
修回日期:
2019-04-18
出版日期:
2019-04-20
发布日期:
2019-08-29
通讯作者:
冯晓娟 ORCID:0000-0002-0443-0628
E-mail:xfeng@ibcas.ac.cn
基金资助:
LIU Cheng-Zhu1,2,JIA Juan1,2,DAI Guo-Hua1,MA Tian1,2,FENG Xiao-Juan1,2,*()
Received:
2018-08-27
Revised:
2019-04-18
Online:
2019-04-20
Published:
2019-08-29
Contact:
FENG Xiao-Juan ORCID:0000-0002-0443-0628
E-mail:xfeng@ibcas.ac.cn
Supported by:
摘要:
糖类(即碳水化合物)是土壤有机质的重要组成部分, 经生物化学降解形成不同结构的单糖。土壤中的中性单糖也叫中性糖, 主要包括木糖、核糖、阿拉伯糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖、甘露糖、岩藻糖和鼠李糖。其中, 植物来源的糖主要为五碳糖, 如木糖和阿拉伯糖; 微生物来源的糖主要包括半乳糖、甘露糖、岩藻糖、鼠李糖等六碳糖。研究中常利用六碳糖和五碳糖的比例指示微生物和植物对土壤有机碳的相对贡献。中性糖是微生物重要的碳源和能量来源, 在团聚体的形成过程中扮演着重要角色。该文整合了近30年土壤中性糖的研究进展, 对比了提取中性糖的常用方法, 分析了不同土地利用类型和不同土壤组分中中性糖的含量、来源和周转特征, 综述了影响中性糖含量和分布的主要环境因素。结果表明, 中性糖在耕地土壤中的绝对含量和相对含量均显著低于针叶林、阔叶林、草地和灌丛4种土地利用类型。(半乳糖+甘露糖)/(阿拉伯糖+木糖)(GM/AX)在不同土地利用间差异不显著, 而(鼠李糖+岩藻糖)/(阿拉伯糖+木糖)(RF/AX)则表明草地土壤中的微生物来源的中性糖含量高于针叶林和耕地。不同密度的土壤组分中, 轻质组分中中性糖的含量比重质组分高, 重质组分中微生物来源的中性糖较多; 就不同粒径(或团聚体)而言, 黏粒(或微团聚体)中微生物来源的中性糖含量更丰富。有关影响土壤中性糖含量和分布的因素的研究, 目前主要集中在人为活动(如耕种和放牧等), 而有关温度、降水等自然环境因素影响的研究较少。
刘程竹, 贾娟, 戴国华, 马田, 冯晓娟. 中性糖在土壤中的来源与分布特征[J]. 植物生态学报, 2019, 43(4): 284-295.
LIU Cheng-Zhu, JIA Juan, DAI Guo-Hua, MA Tian, FENG Xiao-Juan. Origin and distribution of neutral sugars in soils[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2019, 43(4): 284-295.
表1
土壤中性糖的提取及检测方法比较"
步骤 Procedure | 方法 Method | 优点 Advantage | 缺点 Drawback | 参考文献 Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
提取 Extraction | 硫酸 H2SO4 | 硫酸不易被除去 H2SO4 can not be removed easily | ||
盐酸 HCl | 会水解一部分纤维素; 产率较低 The hydrolysis products include a few cellulosic neutral sugars; low yields | 1983 | ||
三氟乙酸 TFA | 产率高; 不会破坏单糖结构; 具有挥发性, 可通过旋转蒸发去除; 水解的多糖主要为半纤维素 High yields; Not destructive to monosaccharides; TFA is volatile and can be easily removed by evaporation; Hydrolysis products are mainly released from hemicellulose | |||
检测 Detection | GC-MS | 精度、准确度、敏感性和效率较高 High accuracy, precision, sensibility and efficiency | 需要衍生化 Derivatization is required | |
HPLC | 无需衍生化; 纯化过程简单 No need for derivatization; Simple purification procedures | 精度、准确度、敏感性较低 Low accuracy, precision, sensibility and efficiency | ||
HPAEC-PAD | 无需衍生化; 应用范围广, 可同时分析糖醛酸和中性糖 No need for derivatization; Wide application and simultaneous analysis of uronic acid and neutral sugars | 精度、准确度、敏感性较低 Low accuracy, precision, sensibility and efficiency |
图1
中性糖在不同土地利用类型表层土壤中的含量和来源(Nierop et al., 2001; Spielvogel et al., 2007; Eder et al., 2010; Rumpel et al., 2010; Zhao et al., 2014; Conti et al., 2016; Cui et al., 2016; Wang et al., 2016; Creme et al., 2017; Llorente et al., 2017; Evgrafova et al., 2018; Zhu et al., 2018)。A, 中性糖绝对含量。B, 中性糖相对含量。C, GM/AX ((半乳糖+甘露糖)/(阿拉伯糖+木糖))。D, RF/AX ((鼠李糖+岩藻糖)/(阿拉伯糖+木糖))。箱式图上方和下方的线段分别表示上四分位数和下四分位数,箱式图内部的横线表示数据的中位数,箱式图中在最上方或最下方的圆圈表示样本数据中的极端值。不同小写字母表示不同土地利用类型间差异显著(p < 0.05)。A, C, 阔叶林n = 8, 针叶林n = 25, 灌丛n = 4, 草地n = 8, 耕地n = 15。B, 阔叶林n = 8, 针叶林n = 22, 灌丛n = 4, 草地n = 8, 耕地n = 15。D, 阔叶林n = 3, 针叶林n = 19, 灌丛n = 4, 草地n = 8, 耕地n = 27。OC, 土壤有机碳。"
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