植物生态学报 ›› 2005, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (6): 961-967.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2005.0119
杨九艳1,2(), 杨劼1, 杨明博1, 梁娜2, 孔维雪2
收稿日期:
2004-12-09
接受日期:
2005-04-16
出版日期:
2005-12-09
发布日期:
2005-09-30
作者简介:
E-mail:yangjyl122@sina.com
基金资助:
YANG Jiu-Yan1,2(), YANG Jie1, YANG Ming-Bo1, LIANG Na2, KONG Wei-Xue2
Received:
2004-12-09
Accepted:
2005-04-16
Online:
2005-12-09
Published:
2005-09-30
摘要:
在光学显微镜和扫描电镜下,对鄂尔多斯高原上从东到西分布的8种锦鸡儿属(Caragana)植物的叶表皮特征进行了观察,发现该属植物的叶表皮细胞形状有多边形和不规则形两种类型;气孔轴式类型主要是不定式。旱中生的秦晋锦鸡儿(C. purdomii)的气孔密度及气孔指数最高,其它7种旱生种类(甘蒙锦鸡儿(C. opulens)、中间锦鸡儿(C. intermedia)、柠条锦鸡儿(C. korshinskii)、荒漠锦鸡儿(C. roborovskyi)、狭叶锦鸡儿(C. stenophylla)、藏锦鸡儿(C. tibetica)和短脚锦鸡儿(C. brachypoda))的偏低。在同种锦鸡儿中,中间锦鸡儿、狭叶锦鸡儿、藏锦鸡儿的气孔密度随环境干旱程度的增加而增加,柠条锦鸡儿的气孔密度则减少;狭叶锦鸡儿、藏锦鸡儿的气孔指数随环境干旱程度的增加表现为上升,中间锦鸡儿、柠条锦鸡儿的气孔指数表现为下降。中间锦鸡儿、柠条锦鸡儿、藏锦鸡儿和荒漠锦鸡儿的表皮均密被表皮毛,是对干旱环境的适应特征。旱生种类比中生种类的表皮特性具有更高的可塑性,在半荒漠地带能够成为建群种的狭叶锦鸡儿和藏锦鸡儿的可塑性指数最高。在扫描电镜下,气孔位置有两类:气孔与表皮细胞齐平、气孔陷于表皮细胞之下。表皮上有角质层和蜡质;表皮毛为单细胞非腺毛。
杨九艳, 杨劼, 杨明博, 梁娜, 孔维雪. 鄂尔多斯高原锦鸡儿属植物叶表皮特征及生态适应性. 植物生态学报, 2005, 29(6): 961-967. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2005.0119
YANG Jiu-Yan, YANG Jie, YANG Ming-Bo, LIANG Na, KONG Wei-Xue. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LEAF EPIDERMIS OF CARAGANA PLANTS ON THE ORDOS PLATEAU AND THEIR ECOLOGICAL ADAPTATIONS. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2005, 29(6): 961-967. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2005.0119
材料编号 No. of materials | 种 Species | 生活型 Life form | 样地编号 No. of sites | 地带性植被类型 Vegetation types | 年降水量 Annual precipitation (mm) | 湿润系数 Damp coefficient | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 秦晋锦鸡儿 Caragana purdomii | 旱中生灌木 Xero-mesophytic shrub | 1 | 典型草原 Typical steppe | 401.6 | 0.40 | |||||
2 | 甘蒙锦鸡儿 C. opulens | 中旱生灌木 Meso-xerophytic shrub | 2 | 典型草原 Typical steppe | 401.6 | >0.40 | |||||
3 | 中间锦鸡儿Ⅰ C. intermedia Ⅰ | 沙生旱生灌木 Sandy xerophytic shrub | 3 | 典型草原 Typical steppe | 360.4 | 0.30~0.40 | |||||
4 | 中间锦鸡儿Ⅱ C. intermedia Ⅱ | 沙生旱生灌木 Sandy xerophytic shrub | 4 | 荒漠化草原 Desert steppe | 271.4 | 0.20~0.23 | |||||
5 | 柠条锦鸡儿Ⅰ C. korshinskii Ⅰ | 沙漠旱生灌木 Desert xerophytic shrub | 5 | 典型草原 Typical steppe | 281.2 | 0.23~0.30 | |||||
6 | 柠条锦鸡儿Ⅱ C. korshinskii Ⅱ | 沙漠旱生灌木 Desert xerophytic shrub | 6 | 草原化荒漠 Steppe desert | 162.4 | <0.13 | |||||
7 | 荒漠锦鸡儿 C. roborovskyi | 强旱生小灌木 Severe xero-short shrub | 7 | 荒漠化草原 Desert steppe | 194.6 | 0.20~0.23 | |||||
8 | 狭叶锦鸡儿Ⅰ C. stenophylla Ⅰ | 旱生小灌木 Xero-short shrub | 8 | 典型草原 Typical steppe | 401.6 | 0.30~0.40 | |||||
9 | 狭叶锦鸡儿Ⅱ C. stenophylla Ⅱ | 旱生小灌木 Xero-short shrub | 4 | 荒漠化草原 Desert steppe | 271.4 | 0.20~0.23 | |||||
10 | 狭叶锦鸡儿Ⅲ C. stenophylla Ⅲ | 旱生小灌木 Xero-short shrub | 9 | 草原化荒漠 Steppe desert | 162.4 | <0.13 | |||||
11 | 藏锦鸡儿Ⅰ C. tibetica Ⅰ | 旱生小灌木 Xero-short shrub | 7 | 荒漠化草原 Desert steppe | 194.6 | 0.20~0.23 | |||||
12 | 藏锦鸡儿Ⅱ C. tibetica Ⅱ | 旱生小灌木 Xero-short shrub | 10 | 草原化荒漠 Steppe desert | 162.4 | <0.13 | |||||
13 | 短脚锦鸡儿 C. brachypoda | 强旱生小灌木 Severe xero-short shrub | 11 | 草原化荒漠 Steppe desert | 162.4 | <0.13 |
表1 材料及样地
Table 1 Materials and sites
材料编号 No. of materials | 种 Species | 生活型 Life form | 样地编号 No. of sites | 地带性植被类型 Vegetation types | 年降水量 Annual precipitation (mm) | 湿润系数 Damp coefficient | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 秦晋锦鸡儿 Caragana purdomii | 旱中生灌木 Xero-mesophytic shrub | 1 | 典型草原 Typical steppe | 401.6 | 0.40 | |||||
2 | 甘蒙锦鸡儿 C. opulens | 中旱生灌木 Meso-xerophytic shrub | 2 | 典型草原 Typical steppe | 401.6 | >0.40 | |||||
3 | 中间锦鸡儿Ⅰ C. intermedia Ⅰ | 沙生旱生灌木 Sandy xerophytic shrub | 3 | 典型草原 Typical steppe | 360.4 | 0.30~0.40 | |||||
4 | 中间锦鸡儿Ⅱ C. intermedia Ⅱ | 沙生旱生灌木 Sandy xerophytic shrub | 4 | 荒漠化草原 Desert steppe | 271.4 | 0.20~0.23 | |||||
5 | 柠条锦鸡儿Ⅰ C. korshinskii Ⅰ | 沙漠旱生灌木 Desert xerophytic shrub | 5 | 典型草原 Typical steppe | 281.2 | 0.23~0.30 | |||||
6 | 柠条锦鸡儿Ⅱ C. korshinskii Ⅱ | 沙漠旱生灌木 Desert xerophytic shrub | 6 | 草原化荒漠 Steppe desert | 162.4 | <0.13 | |||||
7 | 荒漠锦鸡儿 C. roborovskyi | 强旱生小灌木 Severe xero-short shrub | 7 | 荒漠化草原 Desert steppe | 194.6 | 0.20~0.23 | |||||
8 | 狭叶锦鸡儿Ⅰ C. stenophylla Ⅰ | 旱生小灌木 Xero-short shrub | 8 | 典型草原 Typical steppe | 401.6 | 0.30~0.40 | |||||
9 | 狭叶锦鸡儿Ⅱ C. stenophylla Ⅱ | 旱生小灌木 Xero-short shrub | 4 | 荒漠化草原 Desert steppe | 271.4 | 0.20~0.23 | |||||
10 | 狭叶锦鸡儿Ⅲ C. stenophylla Ⅲ | 旱生小灌木 Xero-short shrub | 9 | 草原化荒漠 Steppe desert | 162.4 | <0.13 | |||||
11 | 藏锦鸡儿Ⅰ C. tibetica Ⅰ | 旱生小灌木 Xero-short shrub | 7 | 荒漠化草原 Desert steppe | 194.6 | 0.20~0.23 | |||||
12 | 藏锦鸡儿Ⅱ C. tibetica Ⅱ | 旱生小灌木 Xero-short shrub | 10 | 草原化荒漠 Steppe desert | 162.4 | <0.13 | |||||
13 | 短脚锦鸡儿 C. brachypoda | 强旱生小灌木 Severe xero-short shrub | 11 | 草原化荒漠 Steppe desert | 162.4 | <0.13 |
种 Species | 细胞形状 Shape of cells | 垂周壁式样 Pattern of anticlinal wall | 气孔器类型 Type of stomatal apparatus | 气孔密度 Stomatal density (ind.·mm-2) | 气孔指数 Stomatal index | 表皮毛密度 Trichome density (ind.·mm-2) | 图 Figure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
秦晋锦鸡儿 Caragana purdomii | 多边形或不规则 Polygonal or irregular | 弓形、平直或弧形 Arched, straight or arc | 不定式 Anomocytic | 470.0g | 17.01f | 0a | 2a |
甘蒙锦鸡儿 C. opulens | 不规则 Irregular | 波状 Sinuous | 不定式 Anomocytic | 102.4cd | 6.35bc | 76.8bc | 2b |
中间锦鸡儿Ⅰ C. intermediaⅠ | 多边形 Polygonal | 平直或弓形 Straight or arched | 不定式 Anomocytic | 224.0e | 9.68de | 211.2d | 2c |
中间锦鸡儿Ⅱ C. intermediaⅡ | 多边形 Polygonal | 平直或弓形 Straight or arched | 不定式 Anomocytic | 323.2f | 8.47cde | 454.4f | 2d |
柠条锦鸡儿Ⅰ C. korshinskiiⅠ | 多边形 Polygonal | 平直或弓形 Straight or arched | 不定式 Anomocytic | 249.6e | 8.41cde | 473.6f | 2e |
柠条锦鸡儿Ⅱ C. korshinskiⅡ | 多边形 Polygonal | 平直或弓形 Straight or arched | 不定式 Anomocytic | 140.8d | 7.32cd | 428.8ef | 2f |
荒漠锦鸡儿 C. roborovskyi | 多边形 Polygonal | 平直或弓形 Straight or arched | 不定式 Anomocytic | 265.6e | 9.63cde | 137.6c | 2g |
狭叶锦鸡儿Ⅰ C. stenophyllaⅠ | 多边形或不规则 Polygonal or irregular | 弓形、弧形或平直 Arched, arc or straight | 不定式 Anomocytic | 51.2abc | 2.96b | 19.2ab | 2h |
狭叶锦鸡儿Ⅱ C. stenophyllaⅡ | 多边形或不规则 Polygonal or irregular | 弓形、弧形或平直 Arched, arc or straight | 不定式 Anomocytic | 83.2bcd | 6.90bcd | 19.2ab | 2i |
狭叶锦鸡儿Ⅲ C. stenophyllaⅢ | 多边形或不规则 Polygonal or irregular | 弓形、弧形或平直 Arched, arc or straight | 不定式 Anomocytic | 105.6cd | 11.58 e | 25.6ab | 2j |
藏锦鸡儿Ⅰ C. tibeticaⅠ | 多边形 Polygonal | 平直或弓形 Straight or arched | 不定式 Anomocytic | 19.2a | 0.56a | 233.6d | 2k |
藏锦鸡儿Ⅱ C. tibeticaⅡ | 多边形 Polygonal | 平直或弓形 Straight or arched | 不定式 Anomocytic | 32.0ab | 0.89a | 380.8e | 2l |
短脚锦鸡儿 C. brachypoda | 多边形或不规则 Polygonal or irregular | 弓形、平直或浅波状 Arched, straight or sinuolate | 不定式 Anomocytic | 131.2d | 11.55e | 0a | 2m |
表2 8种锦鸡儿叶下表皮特征
Table 2 Abaxisal epidermis characters of 8 species in Caragana
种 Species | 细胞形状 Shape of cells | 垂周壁式样 Pattern of anticlinal wall | 气孔器类型 Type of stomatal apparatus | 气孔密度 Stomatal density (ind.·mm-2) | 气孔指数 Stomatal index | 表皮毛密度 Trichome density (ind.·mm-2) | 图 Figure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
秦晋锦鸡儿 Caragana purdomii | 多边形或不规则 Polygonal or irregular | 弓形、平直或弧形 Arched, straight or arc | 不定式 Anomocytic | 470.0g | 17.01f | 0a | 2a |
甘蒙锦鸡儿 C. opulens | 不规则 Irregular | 波状 Sinuous | 不定式 Anomocytic | 102.4cd | 6.35bc | 76.8bc | 2b |
中间锦鸡儿Ⅰ C. intermediaⅠ | 多边形 Polygonal | 平直或弓形 Straight or arched | 不定式 Anomocytic | 224.0e | 9.68de | 211.2d | 2c |
中间锦鸡儿Ⅱ C. intermediaⅡ | 多边形 Polygonal | 平直或弓形 Straight or arched | 不定式 Anomocytic | 323.2f | 8.47cde | 454.4f | 2d |
柠条锦鸡儿Ⅰ C. korshinskiiⅠ | 多边形 Polygonal | 平直或弓形 Straight or arched | 不定式 Anomocytic | 249.6e | 8.41cde | 473.6f | 2e |
柠条锦鸡儿Ⅱ C. korshinskiⅡ | 多边形 Polygonal | 平直或弓形 Straight or arched | 不定式 Anomocytic | 140.8d | 7.32cd | 428.8ef | 2f |
荒漠锦鸡儿 C. roborovskyi | 多边形 Polygonal | 平直或弓形 Straight or arched | 不定式 Anomocytic | 265.6e | 9.63cde | 137.6c | 2g |
狭叶锦鸡儿Ⅰ C. stenophyllaⅠ | 多边形或不规则 Polygonal or irregular | 弓形、弧形或平直 Arched, arc or straight | 不定式 Anomocytic | 51.2abc | 2.96b | 19.2ab | 2h |
狭叶锦鸡儿Ⅱ C. stenophyllaⅡ | 多边形或不规则 Polygonal or irregular | 弓形、弧形或平直 Arched, arc or straight | 不定式 Anomocytic | 83.2bcd | 6.90bcd | 19.2ab | 2i |
狭叶锦鸡儿Ⅲ C. stenophyllaⅢ | 多边形或不规则 Polygonal or irregular | 弓形、弧形或平直 Arched, arc or straight | 不定式 Anomocytic | 105.6cd | 11.58 e | 25.6ab | 2j |
藏锦鸡儿Ⅰ C. tibeticaⅠ | 多边形 Polygonal | 平直或弓形 Straight or arched | 不定式 Anomocytic | 19.2a | 0.56a | 233.6d | 2k |
藏锦鸡儿Ⅱ C. tibeticaⅡ | 多边形 Polygonal | 平直或弓形 Straight or arched | 不定式 Anomocytic | 32.0ab | 0.89a | 380.8e | 2l |
短脚锦鸡儿 C. brachypoda | 多边形或不规则 Polygonal or irregular | 弓形、平直或浅波状 Arched, straight or sinuolate | 不定式 Anomocytic | 131.2d | 11.55e | 0a | 2m |
图1 8种锦鸡儿叶片气孔特性的可塑性指数 1. 秦晋锦鸡儿 Caragana purdomii 2. 甘蒙锦鸡儿 C. opulens 3. 中间锦鸡儿C. intermedia 4. 柠条锦鸡儿C. korshinskii 5. 荒漠锦鸡儿C. roborovskyi 6. 狭叶锦鸡儿C. stenophylla 7. 藏锦鸡C. tibetica 8. 短脚锦鸡儿C. brachypoda
Fig.1 Plasticity index for characteristics of leaf epidermis of 8 species in Caragana
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