高山松及其亲本种群在油松生境下的苗期性状

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00016

植物生态学报 ›› 2013, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (2): 150-163.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00016

所属专题：青藏高原植物生态学：种群生态学；植物功能性状

高山松及其亲本种群在油松生境下的苗期性状

梁冬¹, 毛建丰², 赵伟², 周先清³, 袁虎威¹, 王黎明², 邢芳倩¹, 王晓茹¹, 李悦¹^,^*()

¹北京林业大学教育部林木花卉遗传育种重点实验室, 林木育种国家工程实验室, 北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院, 北京 100083
²中国科学院植物研究所系统与进化植物学国家重点实验室, 北京 100093
³河北省平泉县国有七沟林场, 河北平泉 067509

收稿日期:2012-08-28 接受日期:2013-01-09 出版日期:2013-08-28 发布日期:2013-01-31
通讯作者: 李悦
作者简介:* (E-mail: liyue@bjfu.edu.cn)
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31070591)

Seedling performance of Pinus densata and its parental population in the habitat of P. tab- uliformis

LIANG Dong¹, MAO Jian-Feng², ZHAO Wei², ZHOU Xian-Qing³, YUAN Hu-Wei¹, WANG Li-Ming², XING Fang-Qian¹, WANG Xiao-Ru¹, LI Yue¹^,^*()

¹Key Laboratory of Genetic and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
²State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
³Qigou State-owned Forest Farm in Hebei Province, Pingquan, Hebei 067509, China

Received:2012-08-28 Accepted:2013-01-09 Online:2013-08-28 Published:2013-01-31
Contact: LI Yue

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

高山松(Pinus densata)是油松(P. tabuliformis)和云南松(P. yunnanensis)的天然二倍体杂交种, 是为数不多的与亲本种没有严格生殖隔离的同倍体杂交种。为了检测3个种在油松生境下的苗期适应性和生长发育特点, 为高山松成种机制提供数据, 选取了代表高山松及其亲本种遗传多样性的25个种群, 在油松生境下对比分析了苗期11个适应性指标和3个生长发育指标。结果表明, 大部分适应性指标和生长发育指标在种间和种内群体间差异显著, 主要变异存在于种间及种内群体间; 出苗率、2011年11月和2012年10月的封顶率、二年生苗在2012年10月的保存率等指标的种间方差分量较大, 种内变异较小, 是体现种间苗期适应性和生长发育状况的重要指标。油松在大部分适应性指标和3个生长发育指标上均表现最好, 总体适合度高于云南松和高山松; 云南松在封顶率和保存率上都居于最低值, 大部分一年生苗木到11月底仍未出现封顶现象且黄苗比例最高, 二年生苗的存活率为0, 表明云南松在油松生境下适合度最低; 高山松除了在紫苗比例上表现出超亲优势外, 大部分性状居于亲本种之间。此外, 位于青藏高原东北部的高山松祖先种群在适应性上表现较好, 具有在油松生境下发展的潜力; 而位于青藏高原西部的高山松种群及东南部的康定种群对油松生境的适应性较差。研究揭示出生态选择在高山松的同倍性杂交物种形成中起到了关键作用。

关键词: 生长发育, 高山松, 油松, 云南松, 适应性

Abstract:

Aims Pinus densata is the natural diploid hybrid of P. tabuliformis and P. yunnanensis, and is one of a few known examples of homoploid hybrid speciation. In order to describe the adaptive and growth characteristics among the three pine species at seedling stage and clarify the role of ecological selection in interspecific isolation between hybrid and parental species, we conducted a common garden comparative analysis of fitness traits at seedling stage in this species complex.
Methods We investigated 14 adaptive and growth characters in seedlings from 25 representative populations of the three pine species in a typical habit of P. tabuliformis. The 14 traits are germination rate, seedling survival in Aug., Sept. and Nov. 2011, winter survival rate of one-year old seedlings, seedling survival rate in Oct. 2012, rates of bud-set in Nov. 2011 and Oct. 2012, the proportion of yellow, green and purple seedlings, seedling height, ground diameter and crown height of seedlings. Patterns of the variation of these characters were analyzed using multi-factor nested analysis of variance and correlated to geographical factors of each population.
Important findings Most of the traits were significantly differentiated among species and among populations at seedling stage, and the large amount of variance were partitioned among species or among populations. Germination rate, the rates of bud-set in two years, and the survival rate in Oct. 2012 of two-year old seedlings were the best indicators of among-species divergence. P. tabuliformis showed the highest values in most of the traits and appeared as more fit in its native habits than the other two pines. P. yunnanensis was at disadvantage in several critical traits, e.g. the survival rates of Aug., Sept., Nov. 2011 and rates of bud-set in two years. Most of one-year old seedlings of P. yunnanensis have not bud-set at the end of Nov. and the proportion of yellow seedlings were highest and its survival rate in Oct. 2012 was zero, which illustrates its low fitness in P. tabuliformis habitat. The hybrid pine, P. densata was intermediate between the parental species in most of traits except indice of the proportion of purple seedlings. The populations from the ancestry hybrid zone in the northeast of P. densata range coped with the test site environment better than the populations from the western range. Our study highlights the role of ecological selection in speciation of this homoploid hybrid pine.

Key words: growth and development, Pinus densata, Pinus tabuliformis, Pinus yunnanensis, adaptation

梁冬, 毛建丰, 赵伟, 周先清, 袁虎威, 王黎明, 邢芳倩, 王晓茹, 李悦. 高山松及其亲本种群在油松生境下的苗期性状. 植物生态学报, 2013, 37(2): 150-163. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00016

LIANG Dong, MAO Jian-Feng, ZHAO Wei, ZHOU Xian-Qing, YUAN Hu-Wei, WANG Li-Ming, XING Fang-Qian, WANG Xiao-Ru, LI Yue. Seedling performance of Pinus densata and its parental population in the habitat of P. tab- uliformis. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2013, 37(2): 150-163. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00016

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图/表 6

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物种 Species	采集地点 Collection site	缩写 Abbreviation	纬度 Latitude	经度 Longitude	海拔 Elevation (m)
油松 P. tabuliformis	a 山西方山 Fangshan, Shanxi	FSPt	37°56′ N	111°33′ E	1 855
	b 青海互助 Huzhu, Qinghai	HZPt	36°58′ N	102°58′ E	2 299
	c 四川九寨沟 Jiuzhaigou, Sichuan	JZGPt	33°18′ N	103°47′ E	2 281
	d 山西灵空山 Lingkongshan, Shanxi	LKSPt	36°37′ N	112°20′ E	1 654
	e 河南卢氏 Lushi, Henan	LSPt	33°44′ N	110°49′ E	1 908
	f 内蒙古宁城 Ningcheng, Nei Mongol	NCPt	42°17′ N	118°58′ E	1 200
	g 陕西宁陕 Ningshan, Shaanxi	NSPt	33°29′ N	108°23′ E	1 423
	h 北京松山 Songshan, Beijing	SSPt	40°31′ N	115°49′ E	803
	i 内蒙古土默特 Tumed, Nei Mongol	TMTPt	40°47′ N	111°13′ E	1 195
	j 河北平泉 Pingquan, Hebei	PQPt	41°00′ N	118°16′ E	526
云南松 P. yunnanensis	k 云南保山 Baoshan, Yunnan	BSPy	24°28′ N	99°08′ E	1 935
	l 云南贡山 Gongshan, Yunnan	GSPy	25°58′ N	98°49′ E	1 689
	m 云南昆明 Kunming, Yunnan	KMPy	24°58′ N	102°38′ E	2 240
	n 云南丽江 Lijiang, Yunnan	LJPy	26°53′ N	100°14′ E	2 449
	o 云南宜良 Yiliang, Yunnan	YLPy	24°43′ N	103°10′ E	1 837
	p 云南玉溪 Yuxi, Yunnan	YXPy	24°15′ N	102°10′ E	1 832
	q 云南中甸 Zhongdian, Yunnan	ZDPy	28°01′ N	99°32′ E	3 054
高山松 P. densata	r 四川宝兴 Baoxing, Sichuan	BXPd	30°49′ N	102°44′ E	2 452
	s 西藏察隅 Zayü, Xizang	CYPd	29°80′ N	97°13′ E	3 261
	t 四川康定 Kangding, Sichuan	KDPd	30°11′ N	101°55′ E	2 900
	u 四川理县 Lixian, Sichuan	LXPd	31°40′ N	102°48′ E	2 762
	v 四川马尔康 Barkam, Sichuan	MKPd	31°55′ N	102°12′ E	2 678
	w 西藏八一 Bayi, Xizang	BYPd	29°44′ N	94°05′ E	3 107
	x 西藏帕隆藏布 Parlungzangbo, Xizang	PLPd	29°55′ N	95°30′ E	2 658
	y 西藏米林县 Mainling, Xizang	MLPd	29°14′ N	94°14′ E	2 966

物种 Species	采集地点 Collection site	缩写 Abbreviation	纬度 Latitude	经度 Longitude	海拔 Elevation (m)
油松 P. tabuliformis	a 山西方山 Fangshan, Shanxi	FSPt	37°56′ N	111°33′ E	1 855
	b 青海互助 Huzhu, Qinghai	HZPt	36°58′ N	102°58′ E	2 299
	c 四川九寨沟 Jiuzhaigou, Sichuan	JZGPt	33°18′ N	103°47′ E	2 281
	d 山西灵空山 Lingkongshan, Shanxi	LKSPt	36°37′ N	112°20′ E	1 654
	e 河南卢氏 Lushi, Henan	LSPt	33°44′ N	110°49′ E	1 908
	f 内蒙古宁城 Ningcheng, Nei Mongol	NCPt	42°17′ N	118°58′ E	1 200
	g 陕西宁陕 Ningshan, Shaanxi	NSPt	33°29′ N	108°23′ E	1 423
	h 北京松山 Songshan, Beijing	SSPt	40°31′ N	115°49′ E	803
	i 内蒙古土默特 Tumed, Nei Mongol	TMTPt	40°47′ N	111°13′ E	1 195
	j 河北平泉 Pingquan, Hebei	PQPt	41°00′ N	118°16′ E	526
云南松 P. yunnanensis	k 云南保山 Baoshan, Yunnan	BSPy	24°28′ N	99°08′ E	1 935
	l 云南贡山 Gongshan, Yunnan	GSPy	25°58′ N	98°49′ E	1 689
	m 云南昆明 Kunming, Yunnan	KMPy	24°58′ N	102°38′ E	2 240
	n 云南丽江 Lijiang, Yunnan	LJPy	26°53′ N	100°14′ E	2 449
	o 云南宜良 Yiliang, Yunnan	YLPy	24°43′ N	103°10′ E	1 837
	p 云南玉溪 Yuxi, Yunnan	YXPy	24°15′ N	102°10′ E	1 832
	q 云南中甸 Zhongdian, Yunnan	ZDPy	28°01′ N	99°32′ E	3 054
高山松 P. densata	r 四川宝兴 Baoxing, Sichuan	BXPd	30°49′ N	102°44′ E	2 452
	s 西藏察隅 Zayü, Xizang	CYPd	29°80′ N	97°13′ E	3 261
	t 四川康定 Kangding, Sichuan	KDPd	30°11′ N	101°55′ E	2 900
	u 四川理县 Lixian, Sichuan	LXPd	31°40′ N	102°48′ E	2 762
	v 四川马尔康 Barkam, Sichuan	MKPd	31°55′ N	102°12′ E	2 678
	w 西藏八一 Bayi, Xizang	BYPd	29°44′ N	94°05′ E	3 107
	x 西藏帕隆藏布 Parlungzangbo, Xizang	PLPd	29°55′ N	95°30′ E	2 658
	y 西藏米林县 Mainling, Xizang	MLPd	29°14′ N	94°14′ E	2 966

性状 Character	物种 Species	平均值 Mean	标准偏差 SD	变异系数 CV (%)
出苗率 Germination rate (%)	油松 Pinus tabuliformis	74.050^b	5.733	7.742
	高山松 P. densata	57.875^a	13.699	23.670
	云南松 P. yunnanensis	54.143^a	6.334	11.700
2011年8月的保存率 Survival rate in Aug. 2011 (%)	油松 P. tabuliformis	91.000^a	7.139	7.845
	高山松 P. densata	85.094^ab	12.249	14.395
	云南松 P. yunnanensis	75.607^b	11.341	15.000
2011年9月的保存率 Survival rate in Sept. 2011 (%)	油松 P. tabuliformis	89.450^b	8.065	9.016
	高山松 P. densata	83.344^ab	11.890	14.266
	云南松 P. yunnanensis	74.179^a	10.906	14.702
2011年11月的保存率 Survival rate in Nov. 2011 (%)	油松 P. tabuliformis	88.425^b	7.729	8.741
	高山松 P. densata	82.438^ab	11.560	14.023
	云南松 P. yunnanensis	73.393^a	10.441	14.226
一年生苗越冬保存率 Winter survival rate of one-year old seedling (%)	油松 P. tabuliformis	84.000^c	7.916	9.424
	高山松 P. densata	76.250^b	10.873	14.260
	云南松 P. yunnanensis	67.714^a	9.087	13.420
2012年10月的保存率 Survival rate in Oct. 2012 (%)	油松 P. tabuliformis	63.900^c	9.769	15.288
	高山松 P. densata	18.125^b	30.381	167.619
	云南松 P. yunnanensis	0.143^a	0.378	264.336
2011年11月的封顶率 Rate of bud-set in Nov. 2011 (%)	油松 P. tabuliformis	91.425^c	4.033	4.411
	高山松 P. densata	70.906^b	14.282	20.142
	云南松 P. yunnanensis	10.928^a	20.478	187.390
2012年10月的封顶率 Rate of bud-set in Oct. 2012 (%)	油松 P. tabuliformis	81.900^c	6.976	8.518
	高山松 P. densata	19.834^b	35.432	178.643
	云南松 P. yunnanensis	0.000^a	0.000	-
黄苗比例 Proportion of yellow seedlings (%)	油松 P. tabuliformis	2.300^a	6.845	297.609
	高山松 P. densata	0.406^a	0.481	118.473
	云南松 P. yunnanensis	43.143^b	37.396	86.679
绿苗比例 Proportion of green seedlings (%)	油松 P. tabuliformis	54.350^c	12.849	23.641
	高山松 P. densata	20.688^b	28.561	138.056
	云南松 P. yunnanensis	8.500^a	10.598	124.682
紫苗比例 Proportion of purple seedlings (%)	油松 P. tabuliformis	43.350^a	13.838	31.922
	高山松 P. densata	78.844^b	28.625	36.306
	云南松 P. yunnanensis	47.429^a	34.942	73.672
苗高 Seedling height (cm)	油松 P. tabuliformis	8.286^a	1.242	14.989
	高山松 P. densata	7.763^b	1.070	13.783
	云南松 P. yunnanensis	6.363^c	1.610	25.303
苗冠高 Crown height of seedling (cm)	油松 P. tabuliformis	6.807^a	1.351	19.847
	高山松 P. densata	6.558^b	0.987	15.050
	云南松 P. yunnanensis	5.140^c	1.493	29.047
地径 Ground diameter (mm)	油松 P. tabuliformis	2.486^a	0.124	4.988
	高山松 P. densata	2.093^b	0.270	12.900
	云南松 P. yunnanensis	2.501^a	0.348	13.914

性状 Character	物种 Species	平均值 Mean	标准偏差 SD	变异系数 CV (%)
出苗率 Germination rate (%)	油松 Pinus tabuliformis	74.050^b	5.733	7.742
	高山松 P. densata	57.875^a	13.699	23.670
	云南松 P. yunnanensis	54.143^a	6.334	11.700
2011年8月的保存率 Survival rate in Aug. 2011 (%)	油松 P. tabuliformis	91.000^a	7.139	7.845
	高山松 P. densata	85.094^ab	12.249	14.395
	云南松 P. yunnanensis	75.607^b	11.341	15.000
2011年9月的保存率 Survival rate in Sept. 2011 (%)	油松 P. tabuliformis	89.450^b	8.065	9.016
	高山松 P. densata	83.344^ab	11.890	14.266
	云南松 P. yunnanensis	74.179^a	10.906	14.702
2011年11月的保存率 Survival rate in Nov. 2011 (%)	油松 P. tabuliformis	88.425^b	7.729	8.741
	高山松 P. densata	82.438^ab	11.560	14.023
	云南松 P. yunnanensis	73.393^a	10.441	14.226
一年生苗越冬保存率 Winter survival rate of one-year old seedling (%)	油松 P. tabuliformis	84.000^c	7.916	9.424
	高山松 P. densata	76.250^b	10.873	14.260
	云南松 P. yunnanensis	67.714^a	9.087	13.420
2012年10月的保存率 Survival rate in Oct. 2012 (%)	油松 P. tabuliformis	63.900^c	9.769	15.288
	高山松 P. densata	18.125^b	30.381	167.619
	云南松 P. yunnanensis	0.143^a	0.378	264.336
2011年11月的封顶率 Rate of bud-set in Nov. 2011 (%)	油松 P. tabuliformis	91.425^c	4.033	4.411
	高山松 P. densata	70.906^b	14.282	20.142
	云南松 P. yunnanensis	10.928^a	20.478	187.390
2012年10月的封顶率 Rate of bud-set in Oct. 2012 (%)	油松 P. tabuliformis	81.900^c	6.976	8.518
	高山松 P. densata	19.834^b	35.432	178.643
	云南松 P. yunnanensis	0.000^a	0.000	-
黄苗比例 Proportion of yellow seedlings (%)	油松 P. tabuliformis	2.300^a	6.845	297.609
	高山松 P. densata	0.406^a	0.481	118.473
	云南松 P. yunnanensis	43.143^b	37.396	86.679
绿苗比例 Proportion of green seedlings (%)	油松 P. tabuliformis	54.350^c	12.849	23.641
	高山松 P. densata	20.688^b	28.561	138.056
	云南松 P. yunnanensis	8.500^a	10.598	124.682
紫苗比例 Proportion of purple seedlings (%)	油松 P. tabuliformis	43.350^a	13.838	31.922
	高山松 P. densata	78.844^b	28.625	36.306
	云南松 P. yunnanensis	47.429^a	34.942	73.672
苗高 Seedling height (cm)	油松 P. tabuliformis	8.286^a	1.242	14.989
	高山松 P. densata	7.763^b	1.070	13.783
	云南松 P. yunnanensis	6.363^c	1.610	25.303
苗冠高 Crown height of seedling (cm)	油松 P. tabuliformis	6.807^a	1.351	19.847
	高山松 P. densata	6.558^b	0.987	15.050
	云南松 P. yunnanensis	5.140^c	1.493	29.047
地径 Ground diameter (mm)	油松 P. tabuliformis	2.486^a	0.124	4.988
	高山松 P. densata	2.093^b	0.270	12.900
	云南松 P. yunnanensis	2.501^a	0.348	13.914

性状 Characters	均方(自由度) MS ( df )				方差分量 Component of variance (%)
性状 Characters	区组间 Among blocks	种间 Among species	群体内 Within population	残差项 Residual	区组间 Among blocks	种间 Among species	群体内 Within population	残差项 Residual
出苗率 Germination rate (%)	0.035 (3)	0.391 (2)^**	0.034 (22)^*	0.016 (72)	2.290	33.700	13.690	50.320
2011年8月的保存率 Survival rate in Aug. 2011 (%)	0.146 (3)^**	0.139 (2)^**	0.042 (22)	0.025 (72)	13.270	8.040	11.530	67.150
2011年9月的保存率 Survival rate in Sept. 2011 (%)	0.126 (3)^**	0.135 (2)^**	0.041 (22)^*	0.024 (72)	11.630	8.110	12.500	67.760
2011年11月的保存率 Survival rate in Nov. 2011 (%)	0.147 (3)^**	0.131 (2)^**	0.039 (22)	0.024 (72)	13.930	7.920	10.340	67.810
一年生苗越冬保存率 Winter survival rate of one-year old seedlings (%)	0.156 (3)^**	0.220 (2)^**	0.034 (22)	0.023 (72)	14.610	15.500	7.900	61.990
2012年10月的保存率 Survival rate in Oct. 2012 (%)	0.039 (3)^*	3.270 (2)^**	0.134 (22)^**	0.014 (72)	0.640	70.830	19.530	9.000
2011年11月的封顶率 Rate of bud-set in Nov. 2011 (%)	0.057 (3)	4.761 (2)^**	0.083 (22)^*	0.043 (72)	0.290	72.640	5.140	21.930
2012年10月的封顶率 Rate of bud-set in Oct. 2012 (%)	0.015 (3)	6.407 (2) ^**	0.168 (22) ^**	0.008 (72)	0.110	79.600	16.840	3.450
黄苗比例 Proportion of yellow seedlings (%)	0.014 (3)	1.457 (2)^**	0.131 (22)^**	0.039 (72)	0.000	39.700	22.490	38.800
绿苗比例 Proportion of green seedlings (%)	0.063 (3)	1.867 (2)^**	0.144 (22)^**	0.025 (72)	1.410	48.260	27.520	22.810
紫苗比例 Proportion of purple seedlings (%)	0.063 (3)	1.307 (2)^**	0.243 (22)^**	0.026 (72)	1.320	28.360	47.740	22.580
苗高 Seedling height (cm)	141.950 (3)^**	252.240 (2)^**	66.330 (22)^**	53.300 (967)	6.870	7.860	15.990	69.290
苗冠高 Crown height of seedling (cm)	161.720 (3)^**	198.700 (2)^**	64.300 (22)^**	56.070 (967)	7.690	5.930	13.470	72.910
地径 Ground diameter (mm)	11.600 (3)^**	17.500 (2)^**	2.510 (22)^**	2.230 (967)	8.670	9.460	8.010	73.860

高山松及其亲本种群在油松生境下的苗期性状

Seedling performance of Pinus densata and its parental population in the habitat of P. tab- uliformis

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性状 Characters	出苗率 Germina- tion rate (%)	2011年 8月的保存率 Survival rate in Aug. 2011 (%)	2011年 9月的保存率 Survival rate in Sept. 2011 (%)	2011年 11月的保存率 Survival rate in Nov. 2011 (%)	一年生苗越冬保存率 Winter survival rate of one-year old seedlings (%)	2012年 10月的保存率Survival rate in Oct. 2012 (%)	2011年 11月的封顶率 Rate of bud-set in Nov. 2011 (%)	2012年 10月的封顶率 Rate of bud-set in Oct. 2012 (%)	黄苗比例Proportion of yellow seedlings (%)	绿苗比例Proportion of yellow seedling (%)
2011年8月的保存率 Survival rate in Aug. 2011 (%)	0.634^**
2011年9月的保存率 Survival rate in Sept. 2011 (%)	0.638^**	0.991^**
2011年11月的保存率 Survival rate in Nov. 2011 (%)	0.633^**	0.991^**	0.998^**
一年生苗越冬保存率 Winter survival rate of one-year old seedlings (%)	0.667^**	0.902^**	0.906^**	0.901^**
2012年10月的保存率 Survival rate in Oct. 2012 (%)	0.862^**	0.595^**	0.591^**	0.589^**	0.729^**
2011年11月的封顶率 Rate of bud-set in Nov. 2011 (%)	0.616^**	0.535^**	0.529^**	0.537^**	0.612^**	0.769^**
2012年10月的封顶率 Rate of bud-set in Oct. 2012 (%)	0.869^**	0.534^**	0.526^**	0.523^**	0.662^**	0.984^**	0.758^**
黄苗比例 Proportion of yellow seedlings (%)	-0.268	-0.430^*	-0.410^*	-0.421^*	-0.451^*	-0.377^**	-0.712^**	-0.372
绿苗比例 Proportion of yellow seedlings (%)	0.859^**	0.705^**	0.683^**	0.692^**	0.716^**	0.865^**	0.674^**	-0.859^**	-0.376
紫苗比例 Proportion of purple seedlings (%)	-0.573^**	-0.292	-0.289	-0.288	-0.285	-0.486^*	-0.021	-0.485^*	-0.503^*	-0.612^**

性状 Character	纬度 Latitude	经度 Longitude	海拔 Elevation
出苗率 Germination rate (%)	0.529^**	0.508^**	-0.414^**
2011年8月的保存率 Survival rate in Aug. 2011 (%)	0.276^**	0.266^**	-0.106
2011年9月的保存率 Survival rate in Sept. 2011 (%)	0.266^**	0.246^*	-0.091
2011年11月的保存率 Survival rate in Nov. 2011 (%)	0.263^**	0.247^*	-0.096
一年生苗越冬保存率 Winter survival rate of one-year old seedlings (%)	0.343^**	0.286^*	-0.098
2012年10月的保存率 Survival rate in Oct. 2012 (%)	0.783^**	0.699^**	-0.460^**
2011年11月的封顶率 Rate of bud-set in Nov. 2011 (%)	0.743^**	0.466^**	-0.148
2012年10月的封顶率 Rate of bud-set in Oct. 2012 (%)	0.840^**	0.756^**	-0.538^**
黄苗比例 Proportion of yellow seedlings (%)	-0.463^**	-0.212^*	-0.084
绿苗比例 Proportion of green seedlings (%)	0.645^**	0.649^**	-0.440^**
紫苗比例 Proportion of purple seedlings (%)	-0.178	-0.416^**	0.494^**
苗高 Seedling height (cm)	0.212^**	0.117^**	-0.104^**
苗冠高 Crown height of seedling (cm)	0.179^**	0.077^*	-0.069^*
地径 Ground diameter (mm)	0.050	0.182^**	-0.232^**

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