植物生态学报 ›› 2009, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (2): 361-368.DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.02.014
收稿日期:
2008-07-28
接受日期:
2008-10-04
出版日期:
2009-07-28
发布日期:
2009-03-31
作者简介:
E-mail: renmingxun@yahoo.com.cn
基金资助:
Received:
2008-07-28
Accepted:
2008-10-04
Online:
2009-07-28
Published:
2009-03-31
摘要:
为了解花内雄蕊合生结构的繁殖适应意义, 初步研究了雄蕊合生植物半边莲(Lobelia chinensis)的花部综合征、传粉特性和繁育系统。半边莲花大且鲜艳, 花瓣中下部弯折并合生成背部有裂缝的不封闭的花冠筒。5雄蕊的花药紧密合生成花药筒, 花丝中上半部也合生在一起, 只有花丝基部分离插生于花冠筒上。柱头被包裹在花药筒内。半边莲单花寿命可达5 d左右。雄性先熟, 柱头在伸出花药筒之后才具活性。花的主要访问者为蚂蚁、食蚜蝇和苍蝇类等小型昆虫。半边莲单花花粉数约为(5 200±130)粒、胚珠数约为(55±6)颗, 花粉胚珠比为94.54, 应属于兼性自交繁育系统, 但异交指数和其它特征都显示其以异交为主, 部分自交亲和。套袋和人工授粉实验发现, 半边莲不存在无融合生殖与自发自交, 但自交亲和性高。雄蕊合生(尤其是花药的合生)能把花药中的花粉聚拢在一起在传粉者的一次访问中就被同时带出, 与同样具有较低花粉胚珠比的花粉聚联(Pollen aggregation)传粉过程近似。半边莲的雄蕊合生结构(花药合生成筒、花丝上部也合生)可能与一些特定的花部特征, 如花被合生成未完全封闭的筒、雌雄异熟以及低花粉胚珠比等联系在一起, 形成了适应小型传粉者的“花部综合征”。
任明迅. 雄蕊合生植物半边莲的花部综合征与繁育系统. 植物生态学报, 2009, 33(2): 361-368. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.02.014
REN Ming-Xun. FLORAL SYNDROME AND BREEDING SYSTEM OF LOBELIA CHINENSIS, A PERENNIAL HERB WITH STAMEN FUSION. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2009, 33(2): 361-368. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.02.014
图1 半边莲的开花进程与主要访花昆虫 A: 花开放后的第1天, 柱头还包裹在花药筒内 The 1st day after flower opening, with the stigma and styly enclosed by the cylinder, which is formed by the fused anthers and filaments B: 开花2 d后, 柱头已经伸出了花药筒, 但还未膨大(箭头所示为柱头)Two days after flower opening, stigma extends out of the cylinder (stigma is indicated by arrow head) C: 开花3~4 d后, 柱头变膨大(箭头所示) Three to four days after flower opening, the exserted stigma (indicated by arrow head) opens and becomes receptive. D、E、F: 分别是蚂蚁、食蚜蝇和苍蝇访问半边莲的花 The most frequent visitors to L. chinensis flower are ant (D), hoverfly (E), and fly (F), respectively
Fig. 1 The flowering phenology and main pollinators of Lobelia chinensis
处理 Treatment | 实验花数/个体数 Flowers / individuals | 结实率 Seed-set ratio | 平均每花种子数 Seed number per flower |
自然对照 Natural (unbagged) | 33/15 | 33% b | 16 ± 7 b |
自然对照 + 套袋 Natural (bagged) | 20/10 | 0 a | 0 a |
去雄 + 套袋 Emasculated + bagged | 15/15 | 0 a | 0 a |
人工自交授粉 + 套袋 Hand-pollinated with self pollen + bagged | 30/15 | 90% c | 45 ± 10 c |
人工异交授粉 + 套袋 Hand-pollinated with outcrossing pollen + bagged | 35/15 | 85% c | 50 ± 5 c |
表中有不同字母的数值表示在0.01水平有显著差异 Values with different letters are significantly different at the 0.01 level |
表1 套袋实验的结实情况
Table 1 Seed-set of bagged experiments for Lobelia chinensis
处理 Treatment | 实验花数/个体数 Flowers / individuals | 结实率 Seed-set ratio | 平均每花种子数 Seed number per flower |
自然对照 Natural (unbagged) | 33/15 | 33% b | 16 ± 7 b |
自然对照 + 套袋 Natural (bagged) | 20/10 | 0 a | 0 a |
去雄 + 套袋 Emasculated + bagged | 15/15 | 0 a | 0 a |
人工自交授粉 + 套袋 Hand-pollinated with self pollen + bagged | 30/15 | 90% c | 45 ± 10 c |
人工异交授粉 + 套袋 Hand-pollinated with outcrossing pollen + bagged | 35/15 | 85% c | 50 ± 5 c |
表中有不同字母的数值表示在0.01水平有显著差异 Values with different letters are significantly different at the 0.01 level |
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