不同生态环境与播种期下小麦籽粒品质变异规律的研究

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2005.0062

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

选用 6个不同品质类型小麦品种在 4个生态点进行分期播种试验, 系统分析了不同生态环境下小麦籽粒产量与品质的变异特征及其与主要气候生态因子间的关系。结果表明 :生态点、品种以及地点×品种互作对籽粒产量、千粒重、蛋白质、湿面筋和淀粉含量、沉降值与降落值的影响均达到显著水平 ;不同播种期处理对产量与淀粉含量的影响达到极显著水平, 而播种期×品种互作对千粒重、降落值、淀粉含量及沉降值的效应达到显著水平 ;地点×播种期×品种互作仅对产量、湿面筋、淀粉含量与沉降值有显著的影响。在 4个不同生态点中, 南京点的籽粒蛋白质与湿面筋含量最低, 但淀粉含量最高 ;徐州点的产量和千粒重最大 ;泰安点的蛋白质含量与湿面筋含量最高, 沉降值最小 ;保定点的产量、千粒重最小, 但沉降值最大。不同播种期处理下, 适播与晚播的籽粒蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、淀粉含量、沉降值与降落值都显著高于早播, 而早播期的产量和千粒重最大。各小麦品种在不同地点与播种期下产量与品质性状的变异中以降落值的变异系数为最大, 淀粉的变异为最小。开花至成熟期的日均温与淀粉含量呈线性负相关, 与产量、蛋白质和湿面筋含量及降落值呈二次曲线相关关系 ;日温差与产量和千粒重呈二次曲线相关关系, 籽粒蛋白质和湿面筋含量、沉降值及降落值则随昼温差的增加线性递增 ;开花至成熟期降雨量与产量、千粒重都呈现先升后降的二次曲线相关关系, 而与籽粒蛋白质含量和降落值呈现线性负相关关系 ;籽粒蛋白质和湿面筋含量与降落值随开花至成熟期的累计日照时数呈现线性正相关关系。

关键词: 小麦, 生态环境, 播种期, 产量, 品质性状, 变异

Abstract:

Grain quality of wheat is influenced by variation in genotypes, environmental factors, management practices and their interactions. Six wheat genotypes differing in grain quality were planted at four different regional sites with different sowing dates to study the variation of yield and quality traits under different climatic conditions during grain filling. The results showed that ecological condition (E), variety (V) and their interactions (E×V) had significant impacts on grain yield, thousand kernel weight (TKW), grain protein content, wet gluten and starch content, sedimentation volume, and falling number. At the four experimental sites, sowing date (S) had a highly significant effect on yield and starch content in spite of environmental conditions. The interaction of V×S significantly affected TKW, falling number, starch content and sedimentation volume, and the interaction of E×V×S also was significant on yield, contents of wet gluten and starch and sedimentation volume. The lowest protein and wet gluten content and the highest starch content were found at the Nanjing site, the highest yield and TKW were at the Xuzhou site, the highest protein and wet gluten content and lowest sedimentation value were in Tai'an, and the lowest yield and TKW and highest sedimentation value were in Baoding. The protein, wet gluten and starch content, sedimentation value, and falling number under optimal and late sowing dates were all higher than those under early sowing dates, which produced the highest yield and TKW. For the six different genotypes, the CV of falling number was the largest and that of starch content was the smallest under different eco-sites and sowing dates. Starch content was negatively linearly correlated with mean temperature from anthesis to maturity, whereas grain yield, grain protein and wet gluten content and falling number showed a quadratic correlation. Yield and TKW showed a quadratic correlation, while protein and wet gluten content, falling number and sedimentation volume were linearly correlated to diurnal temperature differences. Grain yield and TKW showed upward quadratic equations, while grain protein content and falling number showed negative linear relationships with the total rainfall after anthesis. Also, the grain protein and wet gluten content and falling number were linearly correlated to the total number of sunshine from anthesis to maturity.

Key words: Wheat, Eco-environment, Sowing date, Grain yield, Grain quality, Variation

潘洁, 姜东, 戴廷波, 兰涛, 曹卫星. 不同生态环境与播种期下小麦籽粒品质变异规律的研究. 植物生态学报, 2005, 29(3): 467-473. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2005.0062

PAN Jie, JIANG Dong, DAI Ting-Bo, LAN Tao, CAO Wei-Xing. VARIATION IN WHEAT GRAIN QUALITY GROWN UNDER DIFFERENT CLIMATIC CONDITIONS WITH DIFFERENT SOWING DATES. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2005, 29(3): 467-473. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2005.0062

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2005.0062

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2005/V29/I3/467

图/表 6

参考文献 15

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地点 Site	土壤类型 Soil type	土壤有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)	全N Total N (g·kg^-1)	水解N Hydrolyzed N (mg·kg^-1)	速效P P₂O₅ (mg·kg^-1)	速效K K₂O (mg·kg^-1)	适播期 Optimal sowing date
南京Nanjing	壤土 Loam	12.92	1.28	101.5	54.8	65.3	Nov.6
徐州Xuzhou	沙壤土Loamy sand	14.58	1.29	99.2	56.1	87.5	Oct.15
泰安Tai'an	沙壤土Loamy sand	12.80	1.06	102.6	64.0	50.2	Oct.10
保定Baoding	壤土Loam	10.21	0.91	86.3	56.5	90.0	Oct.1

地点 Site	土壤类型 Soil type	土壤有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)	全N Total N (g·kg^-1)	水解N Hydrolyzed N (mg·kg^-1)	速效P P₂O₅ (mg·kg^-1)	速效K K₂O (mg·kg^-1)	适播期 Optimal sowing date
南京Nanjing	壤土 Loam	12.92	1.28	101.5	54.8	65.3	Nov.6
徐州Xuzhou	沙壤土Loamy sand	14.58	1.29	99.2	56.1	87.5	Oct.15
泰安Tai'an	沙壤土Loamy sand	12.80	1.06	102.6	64.0	50.2	Oct.10
保定Baoding	壤土Loam	10.21	0.91	86.3	56.5	90.0	Oct.1

变异因子 Source of variation	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)	千粒重 (g) Thousand kernels weight	蛋白质 Protein (%)	湿面筋 Wet gluten (%)	沉降值 Sedimentation volume (ml)	淀粉 Starch (%)	降落值 Falling number (s)
生态点Eco_site (E)	268.20^**	42.37^**	22.27^**	8.75^**	17.34^**	19.15^**	93.30^**
播种期Sowing date (S)	17.60^**	0.09	0.00	0.00	2.00	21.64^**	2.18
品种 Variety (V)	3.66^**	32.14^**	92.51^**	95.32^**	64.94^**	32.06^**	80.83^**
生态点×播种期 E×S	1.95	1.16	1.66	4.4^**	5.27^**	22.41^**	0.50
生态点×品种 E×V	7.13^**	4.24^**	5.14^**	2.11^*	11.7^**	4.90^**	5.26^**
播种期×品种 S×V	1.71	2.76^*	2.20	2.02	4.94^**	6.57^**	3.46^**
生态点×播种期×品种 E×S×V	2.22^*	1.19	1.39	2.00^*	1.98^*	4.71^**	1.29

变异因子 Source of variation	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)	千粒重 (g) Thousand kernels weight	蛋白质 Protein (%)	湿面筋 Wet gluten (%)	沉降值 Sedimentation volume (ml)	淀粉 Starch (%)	降落值 Falling number (s)
生态点Eco_site (E)	268.20^**	42.37^**	22.27^**	8.75^**	17.34^**	19.15^**	93.30^**
播种期Sowing date (S)	17.60^**	0.09	0.00	0.00	2.00	21.64^**	2.18
品种 Variety (V)	3.66^**	32.14^**	92.51^**	95.32^**	64.94^**	32.06^**	80.83^**
生态点×播种期 E×S	1.95	1.16	1.66	4.4^**	5.27^**	22.41^**	0.50
生态点×品种 E×V	7.13^**	4.24^**	5.14^**	2.11^*	11.7^**	4.90^**	5.26^**
播种期×品种 S×V	1.71	2.76^*	2.20	2.02	4.94^**	6.57^**	3.46^**
生态点×播种期×品种 E×S×V	2.22^*	1.19	1.39	2.00^*	1.98^*	4.71^**	1.29

		产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)	千粒重 (g) Thousand kernels weight	蛋白质 Protein (%)	湿面筋含量 Wet gluten (%)	沉降值 Sedimentation volume (ml)	淀粉 Starch (%)	降落值 Falling number (s)
生态点 Eco_site	南京Nanjing	5 365^c	46.69^b	13.15^c	27.94^c	56.50^b	64.38^a	336.9^d
	徐州Xuzhou	6 776^a	53.00^a	14.24^b	28.34^b	49.55^c	63.29^b	463.6^b
	泰安 Tai'an	6 124^b	45.73^c	14.43^a	29.43^a	49.50^c	60.90^c	435.6^c
	保定Baoding	3 396^d	40.93^d	14.30^b	28.40^b	57.11^a	64.54^a	467.3^a
播种期 Sowing date	早 Early	6 385^a	50.56^a	12.61^b	24.90^c	48.33^b	63.21^c	357.3^b
	适 Optimal	6 213^b	47.42^c	13.26^a	27.43^a	52.13^a	64.10^b	377.3^a
	晚 Late	6 006^c	48.45^b	13.21^a	26.27^b	52.75^a	65.03^a	378.7^a
品种 Variety	‘徐州26’ `Xuzhou 26'	5 876^f	51.84^b	15.08^a	30.80^b	43.51^f	63.55^b	401.7^b
	‘豫麦34’ `Yumai 34'	6 626^a	55.00^a	13.36^c	24.81^c	60.40^a	63.83^b	379.5^d
	‘皖麦38’ `Wanmai 38'	6 021^c	45.94^d	14.24^b	32.71^a	53.49^c	61.09^e	446.1^a
	‘扬麦10号’`Yangmai 10'	6 014^d	48.00^c	13.28^c	24.80^c	57.06^b	62.68^d	375.1^e
	‘徐州25’ `Xuzhou 25'	5 920^e	42.86^e	12.28^d	23.66^d	46.84^d	63.05^c	385.9^c
	‘宁麦9号’ `Ningmai 9'	6 275^b	38.70^f	11.08^e	23.24^d	44.63^e	66.39^a	292.5^f