棉花冠层高光谱参数与叶片氮含量的定量关系

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2007.0114

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

建立棉花(Gossypium hirsutum)氮素状况的光谱监测技术对于棉花营养诊断和长势估测具有重要意义。该研究利用冠层高光谱反射率及演变的多种高光谱参数,分析了不同施氮水平下不同棉花品种叶片氮含量与冠层反射光谱的定量关系,建立了棉花叶片氮含量的敏感光谱参数及预测方程。结果显示,棉花叶片氮含量和冠层高光谱反射率随不同施氮水平呈显著变化。棉花叶片氮含量的敏感光谱波段为600~700 nm的可见光波段和750~900 nm的近红外波段,且叶片氮含量与比值植被指数RVI [average (760~850), 700]有密切的定量关系,4个品种的平均决定系数在0.70左右。进一步分析表明,可以用统一的回归方程来描述不同品种、不同生育时期和不同氮素水平下棉花叶片氮含量随反射光谱参数的变化模式,从而为棉花氮素营养的监测诊断与精确施肥提供技术依据。

关键词: 棉花, 叶片, 氮含量, 高光谱, 冠层反射率, 比值植被指数, 定量关系

Abstract:

Aims It is very important to develop a nondestructive method for estimating nitrogen status and growth characters in cotton. We carried out two experiments to investigate the quantitative relationship between leaf nitrogen concentration and the canopy hyperspectral parameter in cotton.

Methods Based on the canopy hyperspectral reflectance and derived hyperspectral parameter, we investigated the quantitative relationship between leaf nitrogen concentration and canopy reflectance spectra in different cotton cultivars under different N rates and put forward the sensitive parameters and monitoring equations for leaf nitrogen concentration. Experiment 1 was conducted with two cultivars (‘Sumian 12’ and ‘Zhongmian 29’) and four N application levels (0, 150, 300 and 450 kg·hm^-2) in 2004. Experiment 2 included two cultivars (‘Kemian 1’ and ‘Meimian 33B’) with three nitrogen levels (0, 240 and 480 kg·hm^-2) in 2005.

Important findings Leaf nitrogen concentration and canopy hyperspectral reflectance significantly changed with levels of nitrogen fertilization. The sensitive bands of leaf nitrogen concentration were 600-700 nm of visible light and 750-900 nm of near infrared light, and the quantitative relationships between leaf nitrogen concentration and ratio vegetation index (RVI) [average (760-850), 700] of canopy were significant with an average R² of 0.70 in four cultivars. An integrated regression equation could be used for describing the dynamic change pattern of leaf nitrogen concentration with hyperspectral parameters in different varieties, growing stages and nitrogen levels in cotton. These results provide a technical approach for monitoring plant nitrogen status and guiding precision nitrogen management in cotton production.

Key words: cotton, leaf, nitrogen concentration, hyperspectrum, canopy reflectance, ratio vegetation index, quantitative relationship

吴华兵, 朱艳, 田永超, 姚霞, 刘晓军, 周治国, 曹卫星. 棉花冠层高光谱参数与叶片氮含量的定量关系. 植物生态学报, 2007, 31(5): 903-909. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0114

WU Hua-Bing, ZHU Yan, TIAN Yong-Chao, YAO Xia, LIU Xiao-Jun, ZHOU Zhi-Guo, CAO Wei-Xing. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CANOPY HYPERSPECTRA PARAMETER AND LEAF NITROGEN CONCENTRATION IN COTTON. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2007, 31(5): 903-909. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0114

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2007.0114

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2007/V31/I5/903

图/表 7

表1 高光谱参数计算方法

Table 1 Algorithm of different hyperspectral parameters

高光谱参数 Hyperspectral parameter	计算公式 Algorithm formula	文献 Reference
吸收谷深度 Depth of absorption valley (VD_i)	VD_i=1- $R Ci (R Si + (R Ei - R Si) * (λ Ci - λ Si) / (λ Ei - λ Si))$	Baret et al. (1989)
吸收谷特征面积 Feature area of absorption valley (V-Area_i)	V-Area_i= $∫ λ Si λ Ei$ (R_line(λ)-R(λ))dλ = $∫ λ Si λ Ei$ ((R_Si+ $R Ei - R Si λ Ei - λ Si$ (λ-λ_Si*))-R(λ))dλ	Baret et al. (1989)
归一化吸收深度 Normalized depth of valley (NVD_i)	NVD_i=VD_i/V-Area_i	Baret et al. (1989)
比值植被指数 Ratio vegetation index (RVI)	RVI=IR/R	Pearson & Miller ( 1972)
光化学反射指数 Photochemical reflectance index (PRI)	PRI=(R₅₇₀-R₅₃₁)/(R₅₇₀+R₅₃₁)	Pe?uelas et al. (1995)
绿度归一化差值植被指数 Green normalized difference vegetation index (GNDVI)	GNDVI=(R₇₅₀-R₅₅₀)/(R₇₅₀+R₅₅₀)	Gitelson & Merzlyak ( 1996)

表1 高光谱参数计算方法

Table 1 Algorithm of different hyperspectral parameters

高光谱参数 Hyperspectral parameter	计算公式 Algorithm formula	文献 Reference
吸收谷深度 Depth of absorption valley (VD_i)	VD_i=1- $R Ci (R Si + (R Ei - R Si) * (λ Ci - λ Si) / (λ Ei - λ Si))$	Baret et al. (1989)
吸收谷特征面积 Feature area of absorption valley (V-Area_i)	V-Area_i= $∫ λ Si λ Ei$ (R_line(λ)-R(λ))dλ = $∫ λ Si λ Ei$ ((R_Si+ $R Ei - R Si λ Ei - λ Si$ (λ-λ_Si*))-R(λ))dλ	Baret et al. (1989)
归一化吸收深度 Normalized depth of valley (NVD_i)	NVD_i=VD_i/V-Area_i	Baret et al. (1989)
比值植被指数 Ratio vegetation index (RVI)	RVI=IR/R	Pearson & Miller ( 1972)
光化学反射指数 Photochemical reflectance index (PRI)	PRI=(R₅₇₀-R₅₃₁)/(R₅₇₀+R₅₃₁)	Pe?uelas et al. (1995)
绿度归一化差值植被指数 Green normalized difference vegetation index (GNDVI)	GNDVI=(R₇₅₀-R₅₅₀)/(R₇₅₀+R₅₅₀)	Gitelson & Merzlyak ( 1996)

表2 不同品种和施氮水平下棉花开花、盛花、始絮、吐絮、盛絮期的叶片氮含量

Table 2 Leaf nitrogen concentrations of different cotton varieties at flowering, full-blossoming, early opening boll, opening boll and full opening boll stages under different N rates

年份 Year	品种 Variety	施氮水平 N rate (kg N·hm^-2)	代号 Code	叶片氮含量 Leaf nitrogen concentration (mg·g^-1)
年份 Year	品种 Variety	施氮水平 N rate (kg N·hm^-2)	代号 Code	开花 Flowering	盛花 Full-blossoming	始絮 Early opening boll	吐絮 Opening boll	盛絮 Full opening boll
2004	‘苏棉12’ ‘Sumian 12’	0	N₀	20.50	24.52	22.95	22.61	21.70
		150	N₁	24.65	30.97	29.74	28.44	23.47
		300	N₂	27.16	33.67	32.46	29.51	29.10
		450	N₃	32.82	34.88	31.72	31.91	30.37
		F值 F Value		53.07^**	17.45^*	9.20	24.82^*	38.91^**
	‘中棉29’ ‘Zhongmian 29’	0	N₀	21.17	25.94	24.01	24.52	16.95
		150	N₁	25.04	30.04	27.27	25.37	23.70
		300	N₂	28.46	34.75	31.62	27.99	28.62
		450	N₃	30.59	33.70	33.37	31.19	29.92
		F值 F Value		9.44^*	14.80^*	22.50^*	98.66^**	19.01^*
2005	‘科棉1号’ ‘Kemian 1’	0	N₀	-	26.38	23.00	23.92	22.16
		240	N₄	-	33.65	30.37	28.46	27.74
		480	N₅	-	35.34	33.16	34.16	32.18
		F值 F Value		-	40.43^*	223.45^**	47.85^*	45.57^*
	‘美棉33B’ ‘Meimian 33B’	0	N₀	-	25.39	21.48	23.25	23.90
		240	N₄	-	33.57	30.73	27.95	25.54
		480	N₅	-	37.50	36.82	36.35	28.64
		F值 F Value		-	28.55^*	169.91^**	222.30^**	22.82^*

图1 不同施氮水平下棉花(‘科棉1号’)冠层高光谱反射率(2005年) N0、N4、N5: 见表2 See Table 2

Fig.1 Hyperspectral reflectance of cotton canopy under different N rates (‘Kemian 1’,2005)

图2 不同棉花品种的叶片氮含量与冠层高光谱反射率的相关性(r(0.05,50)=0.273)

Fig.2 Correlation of leaf nitrogen concentration to canopy hyperspectral reflectance with different cotton cultivars

表3 不同棉花品种叶片氮含量(y)与主要高光谱参数(x)的定量关系

Table 3 Quantitative relationships of leaf nitrogen concentration (y) to main hyperspectral parameter (x) in different cotton cultivars

品种类型 Cultivar type	高光谱参数 Hyperspectral parameter	回归方程 Regression equation	决定系数 R²	样本数 n
‘科棉1号’ `Kemian 1'	Average (760~850)/R₇₀₀	y=0.234 4x-1.208 1	0.807^**	24
	Average (760~850)/R₅₅₀	y=0.162 6x+1.036 7	0.761^**	24
	NVD672	y=0.019 4x-0.265 7	0.760^**	24
	Average (760~850)/Average (510~560)	y=0.195 9x+1.342	0.749^**	24
	PRI	y=-0.003 1x+0.084 5	0.724^**	24
	GNDVI	y=0.007 4x+0.470 2	0.723^**	24
‘美棉33B’ `Meimian 33B'	Average (760~850)/R₇₀₀	y=0.2x-0.107 9	0.804^**	23
	PRI	y=-0.002 6x+0.069 1	0.772^**	23
	NVD672	y=0.015 9x-0.207 1	0.750^**	23
	Average (760~850)/Average (510~560)	y=0.168 4x+2.228 9	0.737^**	23
	Average (760~850)/R₅₅₀	y=0.136 3x+1.912 2	0.734^**	23
	GNDVI	y=0.005 8x+0.517 8	0.659^**	23
‘中棉29’ `Zhongmian 29'	NVD672	y=0.021 4x-0.279 9	0.614^**	50
	Average (760~850)/R₇₀₀	y=0.160 8x-0.347 1	0.544^**	50
	PRI	y=-0.003 6x+0.121	0.528^**	49
‘苏棉12’ `Sumian 12'	PRI	y=-0.004 5x+0.145 4	0.679^**	39
	NVD672	y=-0.000 1x+0.011 5	0.626^**	39
	Average (760~850)/R₇₀₀	y=0.231 6x-2.115 7	0.616^**	39

图3 不同棉花品种叶片氮含量与比值植被指数(RVI [average(760-850),700])的关系 A: ‘苏棉12’ ‘Sumian 12’ B:‘中棉29’ ‘Zhongmian 29’ C:‘科棉1号’ ‘Kemian 1’ D:‘美棉33B’ ‘Meimian 33B’

Fig.3 Relationships of leaf nitrogen concentration to ratio vegetation index (RVI [average (760-850),700]) of hyperspectral index with different cotton cultivars

图4 基于品种组合的棉花叶片氮含量与比值植被指数(RVI [average (760~850), 700])的关系

Fig.4 Relationships of leaf nitrogen concentration to ratio vegetation index (RVI [average (760-850), 700]) of hyperspectral index with combined cotton cultivars

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