多枝柽柳幼苗根系形态及生物量对不同灌溉处理的响应

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.01024

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

多枝柽柳(Tamarix ramosissima)是塔里木河下游荒漠河岸林中的优势灌木, 对荒漠河岸植被群落的稳定起着重要作用。该文通过研究多枝柽柳幼苗根系形态对不同灌溉处理的响应, 分析人工水分干扰对多枝柽柳幼苗根系生长的影响。实验设计了侧渗分层和地表灌溉两种给水方式和高灌(50 L∙株 ^-1)、中灌(25 L∙株 ^-1)、低灌(12.5 L∙株 ^-1)三个给水水平, 并在整个生长季节监测每个植株的生物量及根系形态参数。结果显示: 与地表灌溉比较, 侧渗分层的灌溉方式显著提高了细根(0.5 mm < d < 2 mm)长、细根表面积和根系生物量, 并使根系生长至160 cm深度的土层, 大于地表灌溉深度(80-100 cm); 侧渗分层灌溉+高灌的组合促进根系生长的效果最显著(p < 0.05); 侧渗分层灌溉方式下总细根(d < 2 mm)的比根长随着给水量的增加显著增大, 而地表灌溉下比根长无显著变化; 侧渗分层灌溉方式下根冠比总体小于地表灌溉方式, 即侧渗分层灌溉使多枝柽柳地上部分发育较好。因此, 侧渗分层灌溉方式有显著促进多枝柽柳幼苗在生长早期快速发育的效果。

关键词: 生物量, 侧渗分层灌溉, 根系形态, 多枝柽柳, 灌溉量

Abstract:

Aims Deficient water resources in the lower reaches of Tarim River of China impose constraints on the growth and survival of planted seedlings of Tamarix ramosissima. Our objective was to study root morphology and growth of T. ramosissima seedlings to provide suggestions for rehabilitating degraded desert riparian forest.
Methods We investigated root growth, biomass production of the seedlings under two irrigation treatments, i.e., layered-side irrigation and above-ground irrigation, and three watering levels, i.e., high water level (W1, 50 L∙ tree ^-1), medium water level (W2, 25 L∙tree ^-1) and low water level (W3, 12.5 L∙tree ^-1).
Important findings Layered side-irrigation significantly increased fine root length (0.5 mm < d < 2 mm), fine root surface area, coarse root biomass (d > 2 mm), below- and above-ground biomass and root depth compared with above-ground irrigation. Root length and biomass with layered side-irrigation and W1 increased significantly (p < 0.05). Total fine root (d < 2 mm) specific root length (SRL) with layered side-irrigation increased significantly with the increase in watering level, and above-ground irrigation caused insignificant differences in the SRL between W1, W2 and W3. The root/shoot ratio (R/S) in the layered side-irrigation treatment was less than that in the above-ground irrigation treatment. Our results suggest that the layered side-irrigation caused more rapid and greater root elongation, as well as root biomass production in T. ramosissima seedlings. This may benefit seedling survival in the early growing stage.

Key words: biomass, layered side-irrigation, root morphology, Tamarix ramosissima, watering level

马晓东, 朱成刚, 李卫红. 多枝柽柳幼苗根系形态及生物量对不同灌溉处理的响应. 植物生态学报, 2012, 36(10): 1024-1032. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.01024

MA Xiao-Dong, ZHU Cheng-Gang, LI Wei-Hong. Response of root morphology and biomass of Tamarix ramosissima seedlings to different water irrigations. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2012, 36(10): 1024-1032. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.01024

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.01024

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2012/V36/I10/1024

图/表 4

表1 不同灌溉时间、不同处理下多枝柽柳幼苗的灌溉深度与灌溉量

Table 1 Irrigation depth and amount of Tamarix ramosissima seedlings in different treatments and irrigation schedules

灌溉方式 Irrigation method	灌溉水平 Watering level	灌溉量 Irrigation amount (L?plant^-1)	灌溉深度 Irrigation depth (cm)
灌溉方式 Irrigation method	灌溉水平 Watering level	灌溉量 Irrigation amount (L?plant^-1)	4月30日 30 April	6月1日 1 June	7月10日 10 July	9月1日 1 September
侧渗分层灌溉 Layered-side irrigation	高灌 High water level	50	30	50	70	90
	中灌 Medium water level	25	30	50	70	90
	低灌 Low water level	12.5	30	50	70	90
地表灌溉 Above-ground irrigation	高灌 High water level	50	-	-	-	-
	中灌 Medium water level	25	-	-	-	-
	低灌 Low water level	12.5	-	-	-	-

图1 生长季末不同灌溉处理下多枝柽柳幼苗细根(0.5 mm < d < 2 mm)和极细根(d < 0.5 mm)长在不同土层中的垂直分布(平均值±标准偏差)。A、B, 侧渗分层灌溉。C、D, 地表灌溉。

Fig. 1 Vertical distributions of finest root (d < 0.5 mm) and fine root (0.5 mm < d < 2 mm) length of Tamarix ramosissima seedlings in different soil layers under different irrigation treatments in the end of growth season (mean ± SD). A, B, layered-side irrigation. C, D, Above-ground irrigation.

图2 不同灌溉处理下土壤含水量的垂直分布(平均值±标准偏差)。A, 侧渗分层灌溉。B, 地表灌溉。

Fig. 2 Vertical distribution of soil water content under different irrigation treatments (mean ± SD). A, layered-side irrigation. B, Above-ground irrigation.

图3 生长季末土壤含水量与多枝柽柳幼苗的细根和极细根长度的回归分析。

Fig. 3 Regression analysis between soil water content and finest root and fine root length of Tamarix ramosissima seedlings in the end of growth season.

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