江西省森林净初级生产力动态变化特征及其驱动因子分析

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2015.0348

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

亚热带森林生态系统具有巨大的固碳潜力。净初级生产力(NPP)在碳循环过程中具有重要的作用, 受到气候变化、大气成分、森林扰动的强度和频度、林龄等因子的综合影响, 然而目前上述各因子对亚热带森林NPP变化的贡献尚不明确, 需要鉴别森林NPP时空变化的主要驱动因子, 以准确认识亚热带森林生态系统碳循环。该文综合气象数据、年最大叶面积指数(LAI)、参考年NPP (BEPS模型模拟)、林龄、森林类型、土地覆盖、数字高程模型(DEM)、土壤质地、CO₂浓度、氮沉降等多源数据, 利用InTEC模型(Integrated Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon-budget Model)研究亚热带典型地区江西省森林生态系统1901-2010年NPP时空动态变化特征, 通过模拟情景设计, 着重讨论1970-2010年气候变化、林龄、CO₂浓度和氮沉降对森林NPP动态变化的影响。研究结果如下: (1) InTEC模型能较好地模拟研究区NPP的时空变化; (2)江西省森林NPP 1901-2010年为(47.7 ± 4.2) Tg C·a^-1(平均值±标准偏差), 其中20世纪70年代、80年代、90年代分别为50.7、48.8、45.4 Tg C·a^-1, 2000-2009年平均为55.2 Tg C·a^-1; 随着森林干扰后的恢复再生长, 江西省森林NPP显著上升, 2000-2009年NPP增加的森林面积占森林总面积的60%; (3) 1970-2010年, 仅考虑森林干扰因子和仅考虑非干扰因子(气候、氮沉降、CO₂浓度)情景下NPP分别为43.1和53.9 Tg C·a^-1, 比综合考虑干扰因子和非干扰因子作用下的NPP分别低估7.3 Tg C·a^-1(低估的NPP与综合考虑干扰因子和非干扰因子作用下NPP的比值为14.5%,下同)和高估3.6 Tg C·a^-1(7.1%); 气候因子导致平均NPP减少2.0 Tg C·a^-1(4.7%), 氮沉降导致平均NPP增加4.5 Tg C·a^-1(10.4%), CO₂浓度变化及耦合效应(氮沉降+ CO₂浓度变化)分别导致平均NPP增加4.4 Tg C·a^-1(10.3%)和9.4 Tg C·a^-1(21.8%)。

关键词: 气候变化, CO2, 林龄, 江西省, 净初级生产力, 氮沉降

Abstract:

Aims Subtropical forest ecosystem has great carbon sequestration capacity. Net primary productivity (NPP) plays a critical role in forest carbon cycle and is affected by a number of factors, including climate change, atmospheric composition, forest disturbance intensity and frequency, and forest age, etc. However, the contribution of these factors to the temporal-spatial dynamics of NPP is still not clear. Quantifying the main driving forces on the temporal-spatial dynamics of NPP for subtropical forest ecosystems is a critical foundation for understanding their carbon cycle.
Methods We utilized multi-sources dataset, including observed meteorological data, inversed annual maximum leaf area index (LAI), referenced NPP (simulated by Boreal Ecosystem Productivity Simulator (BEPS) model), forest age and forest types, land cover, digital elevation model (DEM), soil texture, CO₂ concentration and nitrogen deposition. We used the InTEC (integrated terrestrial ecosystem carbon-budget) model to simulate the NPP dynamics for forest ecosystems in Jiangxi Province during the period of 1901-2010. The effects of climate change, forest age, CO₂ concentration and nitrogen (N) deposition on forest NPP from 1970 to 2010 were discussed through designed scenarios.
Important findings (1) Validations by flux measurements and forest inventory data indicated that the InTEC model was able to capture the interannual and spatial variations of forest NPP. (2) The average forest NPP was 47.7 Tg C·a^-1(± 4.2 Tg C·a^-1) during 1901-2010. The NPP in the 1970s, 1980s, 1990s and 2000s was 50.7, 48.8, 45.4, and 55.2 Tg C·a^-1, respectively. As forest regrows, NPP significantly increased for forests in Jiangxi Province in the 2000s, and exceed that in the 1970s for more than 60% of the forest area. (3) During 1970-2010, under the scenarios of disturbance and non-disturbance, the forest NPP were underestimated by 7.3 Tg C·a^-1 (14.5%) and overestimated by 3.6 Tg C·a^-1(7.1%) compared to the scenarios of all disturbance and non-disturbance factors, respectively. Compared to the average NPP during 1970-2010, climate change decreased NPP by -2.0 Tg C·a^-1(-4.7%), N deposition increased NPP by 4.5 Tg C·a^-1(10.4%), CO₂ concentration change, and the integrated fertilization of CO₂ and N deposition increased NPP by 4.4 Tg C·a^-1(10.3%) and 9.4 Tg C·a^-1(21.8%), respectively.

Key words: climate change, CO2, forest age, Jiangxi Province, net primary productivity, nitrogen deposition

李登秋, 张春华, 居为民, 刘丽娟. 江西省森林净初级生产力动态变化特征及其驱动因子分析. 植物生态学报, 2016, 40(7): 643-657. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0348

Deng-Qiu LI, Chun-Hua ZHANG, Wei-Min JU, Li-Juan LIU. Forest net primary productivity dynamics and driving forces in Jiangxi Province, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2016, 40(7): 643-657. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0348

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2016/V40/I7/643

图/表 11

参考文献 53

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碳分配、周转率 Carbon allocation and turnover rate	森林类型 Forest type
碳分配、周转率 Carbon allocation and turnover rate	马尾松、湿地松 Pinus massoniana, Pinus elliottii	杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	常绿阔叶林 Evergreen broadleaf forest	针阔混交林 Conifer and broadleaf mixed forest	针叶混交林 Coniferous mixed forest
木质部分分配比例 Allocation coefficient to wood	0.655 4	0.772 4	0.462 4	0.578 4	0.694 4
粗根分配比例 Allocation coefficient to coarse root	0.118 4	0.126 2	0.222 6	0.171 8	0.121 0
树叶分配比例 Allocation coefficient to leaf	0.228 1	0.109 9	0.119 0	0.153 9	0.188 7
细根分配比例 Allocation coefficient to fine root	0.005 1	0.012 6	0.196 0	0.101 8	0.007 6
木质部分周转率 Wood turnover rate	0.027 9	0.027 9	0.028 8	0.028 4	0.027 9
粗根部分周转率 Coarse root turnover rate	0.026 9	0.026 9	0.044 8	0.035 9	0.026 9
叶子部分周转率 Leaf turnover rate	0.192 5	0.192 5	0.294 8	0.243 7	0.192 5
细根部分周转率 Fine root turnover rate	1.433 0	1.433 0	1	1.216 5	1.433 0

碳分配、周转率 Carbon allocation and turnover rate	森林类型 Forest type
碳分配、周转率 Carbon allocation and turnover rate	马尾松、湿地松 Pinus massoniana, Pinus elliottii	杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	常绿阔叶林 Evergreen broadleaf forest	针阔混交林 Conifer and broadleaf mixed forest	针叶混交林 Coniferous mixed forest
木质部分分配比例 Allocation coefficient to wood	0.655 4	0.772 4	0.462 4	0.578 4	0.694 4
粗根分配比例 Allocation coefficient to coarse root	0.118 4	0.126 2	0.222 6	0.171 8	0.121 0
树叶分配比例 Allocation coefficient to leaf	0.228 1	0.109 9	0.119 0	0.153 9	0.188 7
细根分配比例 Allocation coefficient to fine root	0.005 1	0.012 6	0.196 0	0.101 8	0.007 6
木质部分周转率 Wood turnover rate	0.027 9	0.027 9	0.028 8	0.028 4	0.027 9
粗根部分周转率 Coarse root turnover rate	0.026 9	0.026 9	0.044 8	0.035 9	0.026 9
叶子部分周转率 Leaf turnover rate	0.192 5	0.192 5	0.294 8	0.243 7	0.192 5
细根部分周转率 Fine root turnover rate	1.433 0	1.433 0	1	1.216 5	1.433 0

输入资料 Input data	描述 Description	时间 Time	空间分辨率 Spatial resolution	来源 Source
CRU 3.21气象数据 CRU 3.21 meteorological data	气温、降水、云量、平均饱和水汽压差 Air temperature, precipitation, cloudiness, average water vapor pressure deficit	1901-1960	0.5°	http://badc.nerc.ac.uk
气象站观测数据 Meteorological observation data	气温、降水、日照时数 Air temperature, precipitation, sunshine duration	1961-2010	江西87气象站点 87 meteorological sites in Jiangxi	http://cdc.cma.gov.cn/
气象站观测数据 Meteorological observation data	平均饱和水汽压 Average water vapor pressure	1961-2010	中国702气象站点 702 meteorological sites in China	http://cdc.cma.gov.cn/
叶面积指数数据 Leaf area index data	MODIS数据反演 Inversed from MODIS data	2006	463 m	本文 This study
参考年NPP Referenced NPP	BEPS模型模拟 Simulated by BEPS model	2006	463 m	本文 This study
林龄 Forest age	样地资料、MODIS、K-最近邻法(KNN)算法 Field samples, MODIS data and K-nearest neighborhood method	2006	463 m	本文 This study
森林类型 Forest type	样地资料、MODIS、KNN算法 Field samples, MODIS data and K-nearest neighborhood method	2006	463 m	本文 This study
净初级生产力与林龄关系 Relationship between net primary productivity and forest age	林龄对净初级生产力的影响 Impact of forest age on net primary productivity			本文 This study
土壤质地 Soil texture	黏粒、砂粒百分比 Percentage of clay and sandy		463 m	http://globalchange.bnu.edu.cn/research/
地形湿度指数 Topographic wetness index	基于数字高程模型(DEM)通过ArcGIS计算 Calculate from digital elevation model by ArcGIS		463 m	本文 This study
初始地下水位 Initial groundwater level	地形湿度指数计算 Calculate based on wetness index		463 m	本文 This study
氮沉降 Nitrogen deposition	来源于模拟数据 Modelled data	1960-2010	0.1°	顾峰雪(待发表) From GU Feng-Xue (To be published)
氮沉降 Nitrogen deposition	基于温室气体计算 Calculate based on greenhouse gases	1901-1959	无空间变化 No spatial variation	Chen et al., 2003
CO₂浓度 CO₂ concentration	观测数据 Observation data	1999-2010	无空间变化 No spatial variation	http://ccliacesd.oml.gov
CO₂浓度 CO₂ concentration	观测数据 Observation data	1901-1998	无空间变化 No spatial variation	碳循环模型联合计划 Carbon Cycle Model Linkage Project

输入资料 Input data	描述 Description	时间 Time	空间分辨率 Spatial resolution	来源 Source
CRU 3.21气象数据 CRU 3.21 meteorological data	气温、降水、云量、平均饱和水汽压差 Air temperature, precipitation, cloudiness, average water vapor pressure deficit	1901-1960	0.5°	http://badc.nerc.ac.uk
气象站观测数据 Meteorological observation data	气温、降水、日照时数 Air temperature, precipitation, sunshine duration	1961-2010	江西87气象站点 87 meteorological sites in Jiangxi	http://cdc.cma.gov.cn/
气象站观测数据 Meteorological observation data	平均饱和水汽压 Average water vapor pressure	1961-2010	中国702气象站点 702 meteorological sites in China	http://cdc.cma.gov.cn/
叶面积指数数据 Leaf area index data	MODIS数据反演 Inversed from MODIS data	2006	463 m	本文 This study
参考年NPP Referenced NPP	BEPS模型模拟 Simulated by BEPS model	2006	463 m	本文 This study
林龄 Forest age	样地资料、MODIS、K-最近邻法(KNN)算法 Field samples, MODIS data and K-nearest neighborhood method	2006	463 m	本文 This study
森林类型 Forest type	样地资料、MODIS、KNN算法 Field samples, MODIS data and K-nearest neighborhood method	2006	463 m	本文 This study
净初级生产力与林龄关系 Relationship between net primary productivity and forest age	林龄对净初级生产力的影响 Impact of forest age on net primary productivity			本文 This study
土壤质地 Soil texture	黏粒、砂粒百分比 Percentage of clay and sandy		463 m	http://globalchange.bnu.edu.cn/research/
地形湿度指数 Topographic wetness index	基于数字高程模型(DEM)通过ArcGIS计算 Calculate from digital elevation model by ArcGIS		463 m	本文 This study
初始地下水位 Initial groundwater level	地形湿度指数计算 Calculate based on wetness index		463 m	本文 This study
氮沉降 Nitrogen deposition	来源于模拟数据 Modelled data	1960-2010	0.1°	顾峰雪(待发表) From GU Feng-Xue (To be published)
氮沉降 Nitrogen deposition	基于温室气体计算 Calculate based on greenhouse gases	1901-1959	无空间变化 No spatial variation	Chen et al., 2003
CO₂浓度 CO₂ concentration	观测数据 Observation data	1999-2010	无空间变化 No spatial variation	http://ccliacesd.oml.gov
CO₂浓度 CO₂ concentration	观测数据 Observation data	1901-1998	无空间变化 No spatial variation	碳循环模型联合计划 Carbon Cycle Model Linkage Project

情景 Scenario	描述 Description	非干扰因子 Non-disturbance factors						干扰因子 Disturbance factor
		气候要素 Climate elements				氮沉降 Nitrogen deposition	CO₂浓度 CO₂concentration
		气温 Air temperature	降水 Precipitation	太阳辐射 Solar radiation	平均水汽压 Average water vapor pressure	氮沉降 Nitrogen deposition	CO₂浓度 CO₂concentration
1	干扰因子效应 Disturbance factor effect	B	B	B	B	B	B	林龄变化 Forest age changed
2	非干扰因子效应 Non-disturbance factors effect	H	H	H	H	H	H	林龄不变 Forest age unchanged
3	综合因子 Disturbance and non-disturbance factors effect	H	H	H	H	H	H	林龄变化 Forest age changed
4	气候变化效应 Climate change effect	H	H	H	H	B	B	林龄变化 Forest age changed
5	氮沉降效应 Nitrogen deposition effect	B	B	B	B	H	B	林龄变化 Forest age changed
6	CO₂效应 CO₂ effect	B	B	B	B	B	H	林龄变化 Forest age changed
7	氮沉降+CO₂ Nitrogen deposition and CO₂ effect	B	B	B	B	H	H	林龄变化 Forest age changed