降水量变化对藏北高寒草地养分限制的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2020.0135

植物生态学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (5): 444-455.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0135

所属专题：青藏高原植物生态学：生态系统生态学

降水量变化对藏北高寒草地养分限制的影响

宗宁¹, 石培礼¹^,²^,^*(), 赵广帅³, 郑莉莉¹^,², 牛犇¹, 周天财¹^,², 侯阁¹^,²

¹中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室拉萨高原生态试验站, 北京 100101
²中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
³国家林业和草原局经济发展研究中心, 北京 100714

收稿日期:2020-05-08 接受日期:2020-08-10 出版日期:2021-05-20 发布日期:2020-11-02
通讯作者: 石培礼
作者简介:*石培礼:ORCID: 0000-0002-1120-0003(shipl@igsnrr.ac.cn)
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2017YFA0604802);国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0501803);国家自然科学基金(31870406);国家自然科学基金(41703079);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0302)

Variations of nitrogen and phosphorus limitation along the environmental gradient in alpine grasslands on the Northern Xizang Plateau

ZONG Ning¹, SHI Pei-Li¹^,²^,^*(), ZHAO Guang-Shuai³, ZHENG Li-Li¹^,², NIU Ben¹, ZHOU Tian-Cai¹^,², HOU Ge¹^,²

¹Lhasa Plateau Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
²University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
³Economics and Development Research Center, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100714, China

Received:2020-05-08 Accepted:2020-08-10 Online:2021-05-20 Published:2020-11-02
Contact: SHI Pei-Li
Supported by:
the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFA0604802);the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFC0501803);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31870406);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41703079);the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (STEP) Program(2019QZKK0302)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生态系统净初级生产养分限制的模式是现代生态学关注的重要问题。养分的可利用性是草原生态系统生产力动态变化的关键决定因素, 但土壤养分可利用性与整个生态系统中养分限制之间的关系尚不清楚。该研究通过在藏北降水梯度上4种类型高寒草地(从东到西依次是高寒草甸、高寒草甸草原、高寒草原和高寒荒漠草原)设置氮磷养分添加试验, 系统研究氮磷养分添加对不同类型高寒草地的影响, 并探讨降水梯度上高寒草地的氮磷限制模式。结果表明: (1)氮磷添加对不同高寒草地的影响存在差异: 氮添加显著提高了高寒草甸和高寒草甸草原地上生产力, 而对高寒草原和高寒荒漠草原无影响; 单独磷添加对4种高寒草地均无显著影响, 而氮磷添加对4种高寒草地地上生产力均有促进作用。(2)通过计算氮磷共同限制指数发现: 随着降水量减少, 高寒草地氮限制指数从1.18逐渐降低到0.52-0.64, 养分限制模式从氮限制过渡到氮磷共同限制; 磷限制指数在高寒草甸草原和高寒草原为负值, 说明单独磷添加对高寒草甸的生产力有负向作用, 高寒草甸主要受氮限制; 高寒草甸草原介于氮限制与氮磷限制之间, 受到氮磷共同限制, 单独磷添加有负向作用; 高寒荒漠草原受到氮磷共同限制。研究表明, 高寒草地氮磷限制模式存在环境梯度上的递变规律, 随着降水量减少, 高寒草地养分限制模式从氮限制逐渐过渡到氮磷共同限制。由此推断, 未来气候变化条件下氮沉降增加对不同类型高寒草地的影响可能存在差异。同时, 利用养分添加恢复不同类型退化高寒草地时也应将氮磷限制模式的差异考虑进去。

关键词: 控制试验, 氮磷限制, 草地类型, 植物功能群

Abstract:

Aims Understanding the mode of nutrient limitation on ecosystem net primary production is an important issue of modern ecology. Nutrient availability is a key determinant of ecosystem dynamics, but the relationship between soil resource availability and ecosystem nutrient limitation is still unclear.
Methods A series of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient addition experiments were set up in four types of alpine grasslands (alpine meadow, alpine meadow-steppe, alpine steppe and alpine desert-steppe) along the precipitation gradient on the Northern Xizang, to systematically study the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus addition on different types of alpine grasslands, and to explore the nitrogen and phosphorus limitation models of different alpine grasslands.
Important findings The results showed that: (1) The effects of nitrogen and phosphorus addition on different alpine grasslands varied. Nitrogen addition significantly increased the aboveground biomass of alpine meadows and alpine meadow grasslands, but had no effect on alpine meadows and alpine desert grasslands. The addition of phosphorus alone had no significant effect on the four alpine grasslands, while the addition of nitrogen and phosphorus had a promoting effect on the aboveground biomass of the four alpine grasslands. (2) With the decrease of precipitation, the nitrogen limitation index of the alpine grasslands gradually decreased from 1.18 to 0.52-0.64, and the nutrient limitation mode transitioned from nitrogen limitation to co-limitation by nitrogen and phosphorus; the phosphorus limitation index was negative in the alpine meadow-steppe and alpine steppe, indicating that phosphorus addition alone has side effects on these two grassland types. These results suggest that alpine meadow is mainly limited by nitrogen availability, and phosphorus addition alone has side effects; the alpine meadow-steppe is between the nitrogen limit and the joint nitrogen and phosphorus limitation, and phosphorus addition alone also has side effects; the alpine steppe is limited by both nitrogen and phosphorus availability, and the addition of phosphorus has side effects; the alpine desert-steppe is jointly limited by nitrogen and phosphorus availability. These results show that nutrient limitation mode transits from nitrogen limitation to nitrogen and phosphorus co-limitation with the decrease of precipitation. This study implies that the impacts of increasing nitrogen deposition under future climate change on different types of alpine grasslands may be different. Additionally, the differences in nitrogen and phosphorus limitation mode should also be taken into consideration when nutrient addition is used to restore different types of degraded alpine grasslands.

Key words: control experiment, nitrogen and phosphorus limitation, grassland type, plant functional group

宗宁, 石培礼, 赵广帅, 郑莉莉, 牛犇, 周天财, 侯阁. 降水量变化对藏北高寒草地养分限制的影响. 植物生态学报, 2021, 45(5): 444-455. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0135

ZONG Ning, SHI Pei-Li, ZHAO Guang-Shuai, ZHENG Li-Li, NIU Ben, ZHOU Tian-Cai, HOU Ge. Variations of nitrogen and phosphorus limitation along the environmental gradient in alpine grasslands on the Northern Xizang Plateau. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2021, 45(5): 444-455. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0135

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2020.0135

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2021/V45/I5/444

图/表 7

图1 4种主要氮磷限制类型的生态系统生产响应模式。假定营养添加没有负面影响。CK, 对照; +A, 添加资源A; +B, 添加资源B; +AB, A和B共同添加。

Fig. 1 Biomass response patterns of the four main types of nitrogen and phosphorus co-limitation. Assuming that nutritional additions have no negative effects. CK, control (no resource addition); +A, adding resource A; +B, adding resource B; +AB, adding A and B together.

表1 藏北高寒草地试验样地概况

Table 1 Description of study sites in alpine grasslands on the Northern Xizang Plateau

	研究站点 Study site
	高寒草甸 Alpine meadow	高寒草甸草原 Alpine meadow-steppe	高寒草原 Alpine steppe	高寒荒漠草原 Alpine desert-steppe
经纬度 Latitude and longitude	31.57° N, 92.57° E	31.38° N, 90.23° E	31.78° N, 87.23° E	32.37° N, 82.27° E
海拔 Altitude (m)	4 570	4 590	4 580	4 520
年平均气温 Mean annual air temperature (℃)	-0.9	-1.0	-1.4	-1.4
年降水量 Mean annual precipitation (mm)	444.9	335.4	327.4	175.2
群落盖度 Coverage (%)	70-80	40-50	20-30	15-25
优势种群 Dominant species	高山嵩草 Kobresia pygmaea	紫花针茅、窄叶薹草 Stipa purpurea, Carex montis-everesti	紫花针茅 S. purpurea	紫花针茅、小叶棘豆 S. purpurea, Oxytropis microphylla

图2 藏北高原不同类型高寒草地降水量年际变化与土壤氮(N)、磷(P)含量背景值随降水量变化的趋势。ADS, 高寒荒漠草原; AM, 高寒草甸; AMS, 高寒草甸草原; AS, 高寒草原。

Fig. 2 Inter-annual variations of precipitation in different types of alpine grasslands and the relationship between soil nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) content and precipitation on the Northern Xizang Plateau. ADS, alpine desert-steppe; AM, alpine meadow; AMS, alpine meadow-steppe; AS, alpine steppe.

表2 以年份为重复因子, 利用重复测定方差分析氮磷添加对不同草地类型高寒草地植物功能群地上生产力的影响

Table 2 Using year as the repeated factor, Repeated Measure ANOVA analysis of the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus addition on the aboveground biomass of different types of alpine grasslands

功能群 Functional group	年份 Year		施肥 Fertilization		草地类型 Grassland		年份×施肥 Year × Fertilization		年份×草地 Year × Grassland		草地×施肥 Grassland × Fertilization		年份×草地×施肥 Year × Grassland × Fertilization
	df = 2		df = 3		df = 3		df = 6		df = 6		df = 9		df = 18
		F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p
群落 Community	14.81	<0.001	24.70	<0.001	336.91	<0.001	0.83	0.55	2.92	0.014	2.78	0.016	0.77	0.73
禾草 Grasses	16.98	<0.001	33.60	<0.001	30.68	<0.001	5.64	<0.001	12.59	<0.001	6.92	<0.001	4.19	<0.001
莎草 Sedges	2.63	0.080	3.82	0.019	403.75	<0.001	0.53	0.79	2.07	0.069	3.04	0.01	0.56	0.91
豆科 Legumes	11.57	<0.001	3.64	0.023	24.66	<0.001	0.92	0.48	11.34	<0.001	6.81	<0.001	1.29	0.48
杂类草 Forbs	6.49	0.003	7.38	0.001	52.69	<0.001	2.15	0.060	7.23	0.003	1.44	0.21	3.27	<0.001

图3 氮(N)、磷(P)添加对高寒草地不同植物功能群地上生产力的影响。图中不同大写字母代表群落地上生产力在不同施肥处理之间差异显著(p < 0.05)。F和p代表不同功能群在施肥处理之间的差异性。A-C, 高寒草甸。D-F, 高寒草甸草原。G-I, 高寒草原。J-L, 高寒荒漠草原。

Fig. 3 Effects of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) addition on the aboveground biomass of different plant functional groups of alpine grasslands. Different uppercase letters in the same year represent significant differences among fertilization treatments (p < 0.05). F and P represent the differences in different functional groups among fertilization treatments. A-C, Alpine meadow. D-F, Alpine meadow-steppe. G-I, Alpine steppe. J-L, Alpine desert-steppe.

图4 不同类型高寒草地氮磷相对共同限制指数。ADS, 高寒荒漠草原; AM, 高寒草甸; AMS, 高寒草甸草原; AS, 高寒草原。图中不同大写字母代表相同年份养分限制指数在不同群落之间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 4 Relative co-limitation index of nitrogen and phosphorus for different types of alpine grasslands. ADS, alpine desert-steppe; AM, alpine meadow; AMS, alpine meadow-steppe; AS, alpine steppe. RCIN, nitrogen limitation index; RCIP, phosphorus limitation index. Different uppercase letters in the same year represent significant differences among grassland types (p < 0.05).

图5 藏北高原高寒草地氮磷限制指数与降水量以及土壤养分含量的关系。

Fig. 5 Relationships between relative co-limitation index and precipitation as well as soil nutrient content in alpine grasslands on the Northern Xizang Plateau. RCIN, nitrogen limitation index; RCIP, phosphorus limitation index.

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降水量变化对藏北高寒草地养分限制的影响

Variations of nitrogen and phosphorus limitation along the environmental gradient in alpine grasslands on the Northern Xizang Plateau

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