氮添加增加中国陆生植物生物量并降低其氮利用效率

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2023.0230

植物生态学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (2): 147-157.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0230 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2023.0230

所属专题：全球变化与生态系统

氮添加增加中国陆生植物生物量并降低其氮利用效率

耿雪琪¹^,², 唐亚坤¹^,³^,^*(), 王丽娜³, 邓旭³, 张泽凌¹^,², 周莹³

¹中国科学院教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心, 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所, 陕西杨凌 712100
²中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
³西北农林科技大学水土保持科学与工程学院, 陕西杨凌 712100

收稿日期:2023-08-10 接受日期:2023-12-08 出版日期:2024-02-28 发布日期:2024-02-28
通讯作者: * (yktang@nwsuaf.edu.cn)
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(41977425)

Nitrogen addition increases biomass but reduces nitrogen use efficiency of terrestrial plants in China

GENG Xue-Qi¹^,², TANG Ya-Kun¹^,³^,^*(), WANG Li-Na³, DENG Xu³, ZHANG Ze-Ling¹^,², ZHOU Ying³

¹The Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Education; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
²University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
³University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2023-08-10 Accepted:2023-12-08 Online:2024-02-28 Published:2024-02-28
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41977425)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究植物整体和地上、地下部分生物量和氮利用效率(NUE)对氮添加的响应, 有助于了解全球氮沉降背景下中国陆地生态系统植物碳、氮循环的变化。然而氮添加对植物生物量和NUE的影响是否一致, 影响这种响应的主要因素仍不清楚。该研究收集整理了94篇已发表论文中有关中国氮添加实验的相关数据, 使用meta分析定量评估了氮添加对植物生物量分配和NUE的影响及其主要影响因素。结果表明: (1)氮添加在显著增加植物整体、地上和地下生物量的同时, 也显著降低了不同部分的NUE, 但植物地上生物量的增加幅度(34.0%)高于地下生物量(5.3%), 而地下部分NUE (29.9%)的下降幅度高于地上部分NUE (15.4%); (2)植物整体和不同部分生物量及其NUE对氮添加的响应在不同生态系统类型、氮肥形式、施氮水平、持续时间和水分条件下均存在显著差异, 且草地和荒漠生态系统对氮添加的响应明显高于其他生态系统类型; (3)影响植物整体、地上和地下生物量效应值的最主要因素均为土壤总氮含量, 植物整体和地上部分NUE的最主要影响因素均为施氮量, 而影响地下部分NUE效应值的最主要因素为氮肥形式。总之, 植物生物量和NUE在氮添加条件下的变化趋势相反, 两者分别主要受土壤总氮含量和施氮水平的影响。

关键词: meta分析, 土壤总氮, 氮添加, 生物量分配, 氮利用效率, 生态系统类型

Abstract:

Aims Studies on the adaptation of plant biomass and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) to atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition were helpful to understand the changes of carbon (C) and N cycling in terrestrial ecosystems under the background of global N deposition. However, the effects of N addition on plant biomass and NUE and the main factors affecting these responses remained unclear. Our objective was to explore the responses of biomass and NUE in the whole and different components of plants to N addition.

Methods We conducted a meta-analysis by collecting data from 94 publications focusing on N addition in China, to quantitatively assess the effects of N addition on biomass allocation and NUE of plants, as well as the main influencing factors.

Important findings The results showed that: (1) N addition significantly increased total, aboveground, and belowground biomass while significantly decreased the NUE of different components. Plant aboveground biomass (34.0%) increased more than that of belowground biomass (5.3%), and the decreased belowground NUE (29.9%) was higher than that of aboveground (15.4%). (2) The responses of plant biomass and NUE to N addition varied across ecosystem types, N forms, N addition levels, duration, and water conditions. The responses of plant in grassland and desert to N addition were significantly higher than that in other ecosystems. (3) Soil total N content was the most important factor affecting the responses of plant total, aboveground, and belowground biomass. The responses of plant and aboveground NUE were mainly modulated by N addition rate, and the form of N fertilizer mainly influenced the responses of belowground NUE. In conclusion, the effects of N addition on plant biomass and NUE were opposite, and they were mainly affected by soil total N content and N addition rate, respectively. These findings may provide reference for further research and practice on the distribution and utilization of C and N in plants under the background of N deposition.

Key words: meta-analysis, soil total nitrogen, nitrogen addition, biomass allocation, nitrogen use efficiency, ecosystem type

耿雪琪, 唐亚坤, 王丽娜, 邓旭, 张泽凌, 周莹. 氮添加增加中国陆生植物生物量并降低其氮利用效率. 植物生态学报, 2024, 48(2): 147-157. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0230

GENG Xue-Qi, TANG Ya-Kun, WANG Li-Na, DENG Xu, ZHANG Ze-Ling, ZHOU Ying. Nitrogen addition increases biomass but reduces nitrogen use efficiency of terrestrial plants in China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2024, 48(2): 147-157. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0230

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2023.0230

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2024/V48/I2/147

图/表 5

图1 中国陆生植物总(A)、地上(B)和地下(C)生物量对氮添加处理的效应值(平均值±标准误)。虚线表示效应值为0, 实心圆与空心圆分别表示显著响应(p < 0.05)与不显著(p ≥ 0.05)响应, 括号内的数字表示该变量的观测值条数。

Fig. 1 Effects of nitrogen (N) addition on total (A), aboveground (B) and belowground (C) biomass of terrestrial plants in China (mean ± SE). The dotted line indicates that the effect value is 0; solid and hollow circle represent significant (p < 0.05) and insignificant (p ≥ 0.05) responses, respectively; the number in parentheses indicates the number of observations for that variable.

表1 氮添加对中国陆生植物生物量和氮利用效率(NUE)影响因子的异质性分析(QM)

Table 1 Heterogeneity analysis (QM) for nitrogen (N) addition effect size across different categorical variables of biomass and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of terrestrial plants in China

	总生物量 TB	地上生物量 AGB	地下生物量 BGB	整体NUE Plant NUE	地上部分NUE Aboveground NUE	地下部分NUE Belowground NUE
生态系统类型 Ecosystem type	3.63^**	9.29^**	2.66^*	6.54^**	9.20^**	7.45^**
氮肥形式 N-form	1.28^**	5.15^**	0.84^**	7.88^**	4.64^**	10.35^**
施氮水平 N-addition level	0.84^**	4.91^**	0.83^**	8.84^**	5.89^**	6.64^**
实验持续时间 Duration	0.59^**	3.09^**	0.11	2.14^**	8.80^**	5.30^**
水分条件 AI	0.93^**	2.92^**	0.94^**	9.53^**	2.55^**	6.35^**

图2 中国陆生植物整体(A)、地上(B)和地下(C)部分氮利用效率(NUE)对氮添加处理的效应值(平均值±标准误)。虚线表示效应值为0, 实心圆与空心圆分别表示显著(p < 0.05)响应与不显著(p ≥ 0.05)响应, 括号内的数字表示该变量的观测值条数。

Fig. 2 Effects of nitrogen (N) addition on plant (A), aboveground (B) and belowground (C) nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of terrestrial plants in China (mean ± SE). The dotted line indicates that the effect value is 0; solid and hollow circle represent significant (p < 0.05) and insignificant (p ≥ 0.05) responses, respectively; the number in parentheses indicates the number of observations for that variable.

图3 中国陆生植物总、地上和地下生物量对氮添加效应值的主要影响因素(A-C), 以及土壤总氮含量与植物总、地上和地下生物量效应值之间的关系(D-F)。AGB, 地上生物量; AI, 干旱指数; BGB, 地下生物量; IncMSE, 均方误差增加百分比; MAP, 年降水量; MAT, 年平均气温; R2, 方差解释率; SOC, 土壤有机碳含量; TB, 总生物量; TN, 土壤总氮含量。深色柱子表示该因素的重要性显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Major influence factors for the effect size of total, aboveground and belowground biomass to nitrogen (N) addition (A-C), and relationships between soil total nitrogen content (TN) and the effect size of plant total, aboveground and belowground biomass (D-F) of terrestrial plants in China. AGB, aboveground biomass; AI, aridity index; BGB, belowground biomass; IncMSE, increase in mean squared error; MAP, mean annual precipitation; MAT, mean annual air temperature; R2, variance explanation rate; SOC, soil organic carbon (C) content; TB, total biomass. The dark columns indicate significant importance of this factor (p < 0.05).

图4 中国陆生植物整体、地上和地下部分氮利用效率(NUE)对氮添加效应值的主要影响因素(A-C), 以及施氮量与植物整体、地上部分NUE和实验持续时间与地下部分NUE的效应值之间的关系(D-F)。AI, 干旱指数; IncMSE, 均方误差增加百分比; MAP, 年降水量; MAT, 年平均气温; R2, 方差解释率; SOC, 土壤有机碳含量; TN, 土壤总氮含量。深色柱子表示该因素的重要性显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 4 Major influence factors for the effect size of plant, aboveground and belowground nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) to nitrogen (N) addition (A-C), and relationships between N-addition rate and the effect size of plant and aboveground NUE, duration and the effect size of belowground NUE (D-F) of terrestrial plants in China. AI, aridity index; IncMSE, increase in mean squared error; MAP, mean annual precipitation; MAT, mean annual air temperature; R2, variance explanation rate; SOC, soil organic carbon (C) content; TN, soil total N content. The dark columns indicate a significant importance of this factor (p < 0.05).

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氮添加增加中国陆生植物生物量并降低其氮利用效率

Nitrogen addition increases biomass but reduces nitrogen use efficiency of terrestrial plants in China

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