滇西南山地球花报春种子形态与萌发沿海拔梯度的变异

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0234

植物生态学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (7): 1119-1127.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0234 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2024.0234

滇西南山地球花报春种子形态与萌发沿海拔梯度的变异

陈凯¹^,²^,^*(), 杨艳³, 徐玲¹^,², 蒋忠华²

¹云南省教育厅高黎贡山虫生真菌资源保护与绿色发展重点实验室, 保山学院, 云南保山 678000
²保山市高黎贡山生物多样性保护与利用重点实验室, 云南保山 678000
³保山市检验检测院, 云南保山 678000

收稿日期:2024-07-16 接受日期:2024-12-10 出版日期:2025-07-20 发布日期:2025-01-20
通讯作者: ^*陈凯, E-mail: kchen1985@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32160078);国家自然科学基金(32060638);云南省中青年学术与技术带头人后备人才项目(202205AC160061);怒江下游山地农业生态系统云南省野外科学观测研究站项目(202305AM340031)

Variations in seed morphology and germination of Primula denticulata along an elevational gradient in the mountains of southwestern Yunnan, China

CHEN Kai¹^,²^,^*(), YANG Yan³, XU Ling¹^,², JIANG Zhong-Hua²

¹Key Laboratory of Entomogenous Fungi Resources Conservation and Green Development in Gaoligong Mountains of Yunnan Provincial Department of Education, Baoshan University, Baoshan, Yunnan 678000, China
²Baoshan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization of Gaoligong Mountains, Baoshan, Yunnan 678000, China
³Inspection and Testing Institute of Baoshan, Baoshan, Yunnan 678000, China

Received:2024-07-16 Accepted:2024-12-10 Online:2025-07-20 Published:2025-01-20
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32160078);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32060638);Middle-Young Aged Academic and Technical Leader Reserve Talents Projects of Yunnan, China(202205AC160061);Lower Nu River, Mountain Agroecosystem, Observation, and Research Station of Yunnan Province(202305AM340031)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 研究种子形态与萌发性状在山地生态系统的种内变异, 有助于揭示植物对环境变化的生态适应机制。该研究在滇西南高黎贡山沿2 180-3 451 m的海拔梯度采集13份球花报春(Primula denticulata)种子, 测定种子长、宽、宽/长、周长、面积、生物量、萌发最适温度(T_o)及最适温度下的萌发百分率(GP)、平均萌发时间(MGT)、萌发速率方差(VGR)和萌发同步性(GS), 并分析种子形态、萌发性状与海拔的关系。结果显示: (1)球花报春种子宽、面积和生物量随海拔上升显著增大, 但种子长、宽/长、周长随海拔变化不显著。(2) T_o随海拔上升显著降低; 最适温度下, MGT随海拔上升显著延长, GS则显著降低, 但GP、VGR与海拔的关系不显著。(3)海拔对种子宽、面积、生物量具有显著正效应, 形态性状变异引起MGT、GS沿海拔梯度变化。研究表明, 随着海拔上升, 球花报春种子生物量、宽度增加, 形态的改变导致其萌发时间延长、同步性降低, 暗示高海拔种子倾向于“多头下注”策略。

关键词: 功能性状, 高黎贡山, 海拔梯度, 生态适应

Abstract:

Aims This study aimed to investigate intraspecific variations in seed morphology and germination traits of Primula denticulataacross an elevational gradient in a mountain ecosystem, providing insights into ecological adaptations of plants to environmental changes.
Methods Seeds from 13 P. denticulatapopulations were collected along an elevational gradient of 2 180-3 451 m in the Gaoligong Mountains of southwestern Yunnan in China. We measured a variety of seed traits, including length, width, width-to-length ratio, perimeter, area, biomass, optimum germination temperature (T_o), germination percentage (GP), mean germination time (MGT), variance in germination rate (VGR) and germination synchronization (GS) at the optimum temperature. Then, we tested relationships between these seed traits and elevation.
Important findings Results showed that: (1) Seed width, area and biomass of P. denticulata increased significantly with increasing elevation, while seed length, width-to-length ratio and perimeter were not significantly associated with elevation. (2) T_o and GS decreased significantly with increasing elevation, and MGT at T_o increased significantly with increasing elevation. No significant relationships were found between GP and VGR and elevation. (3) Elevation had a significant positive effect on seed width, area, and biomass, and variations in these morphological traits contributed to longer MGT and reduced GS along the elevational gradient. These findings show that the width and biomass of P. denticulata seeds increased with elevation, leading to delayed germination and lower synchronization, suggesting that high-elevation populations tend to adopt a “long bet” germination strategy.

Key words: functional traits, Gaoligong Mountains, elevational gradient, ecological adaptation

陈凯, 杨艳, 徐玲, 蒋忠华. 滇西南山地球花报春种子形态与萌发沿海拔梯度的变异. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(7): 1119-1127. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0234

CHEN Kai, YANG Yan, XU Ling, JIANG Zhong-Hua. Variations in seed morphology and germination of Primula denticulata along an elevational gradient in the mountains of southwestern Yunnan, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2025, 49(7): 1119-1127. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0234

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2024.0234

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2025/V49/I7/1119

图/表 6

图1 滇西南山地球花报春种子形态性状随海拔的变异。所有变量都进行了z标准化。

Fig. 1 Variations in seed morphological traits of Primula denticulata along the elevation gradient in the mountains of southwestern Yunnan. All variables were z-standardized.

图2 滇西南山地球花报春种子萌发性状随海拔的变异。萌发率进行了反正弦转换, 其他变量进行了z标准化。

Fig. 2 Variations in seed germination traits of Primula denticulata along the elevation gradient in the mountains of southwestern Yunnan. Germination percentage was converted by arcsine, and other variables were z-standardized. GP, germination percentage; GS, germination synchronization; MGT, mean germination time; To, optimum germination temperature; VGR, variance in germination rate.

图3 滇西南山地球花报春种子性状的主成分分析的11个主轴(PC) (A)与样品在PC1-PC3上的排序(B)。

Fig. 3 The 11 principal axes (PC) of principal component analysis (PCA) (A) of Primula denticulata seed traits in the mountains of southwestern Yunnan and the ordering of the samples on PC 1, 2 and 3 (B).

表1 滇西南山地球花报春种子形态与萌发性状在主轴(PC) 1-3的载荷系数。

Table 1 Loading coefficients of Primula denticulata seed morphological and germination traits on principal axes 1, 2 and 3 of principal component (PC) analysis in the mountains of southwestern Yunnan

性状 Trait	PC1	PC2	PC3
Length	0.20	-0.55	0.19
Width	0.37	-0.01	-0.25
W/L	0.17	0.45	-0.43
Area	0.40	0.11	-0.08
Perimeter	0.31	-0.43	0.02
Biomass	0.37	0.21	-0.01
GP	0.25	-0.23	-0.39
MGT	0.36	-0.08	0.28
VGR	0.01	-0.26	-0.60
GS	-0.28	-0.32	-0.16
T_o	-0.37	-0.14	-0.32

图4 滇西南山地球花报春种子性状主轴(PC)1-3随海拔的变化。海拔进行了z标准化。

Fig. 4 Changes of principal axes (PC) 1, 2 and 3 of Primula denticulata seed traits along the elevation gradient in the mountains of southwestern Yunnan. Elevation was z-standardized.

图5 滇西南山地海拔对球花报春种子形态(A)、萌发同步性(B)与萌发平均时间(C)影响的结构方程模型。单向箭头表示回归, 双向箭头表示相关, 数值表示回归或相关系数, 数值大小与箭头的粗细相对应; 绿色代表正的回归效应或相关关系, 红色代表负的回归效应或相关关系。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001。

Fig. 5 Structural equation models for the effects of elevation on Primula denticulata seed morphology (A), GS (B) and MGT (C) in the mountains of southwestern Yunnan. One-way arrows indicate regression, and two-way arrows indicate correlation. The regression or correlation coefficients were shown and represented by the thickness of the arrows. Green and red arrows represent positive and negative regression effects or correlations, respectively. *, ** and *** indicate p < 0.05, p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively. GS, germination synchronization; MGT, mean germination time; To, optimum temperature.

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滇西南山地球花报春种子形态与萌发沿海拔梯度的变异

Variations in seed morphology and germination of Primula denticulata along an elevational gradient in the mountains of southwestern Yunnan, China

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