长白山红松和春榆径向生长季节动态对环境因子的响应

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0216

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于微树芯法的树木年内径向生长监测能够获得高分辨率和动态化的树木生长信息, 对理解气候变化背景下树木的响应机制有切实意义。该研究使用微树芯法, 监测了长白山阔叶红松林中红松(Pinus koraiensis)和春榆(Ulmus davidiana var. japonica)的径向生长动态, 结果发现: 1)春榆扩大细胞发生时间(年序日) (DOY 116.0 ± 4.70)早于红松(DOY 125.0 ± 2.64), 两个树种扩大细胞的变化趋势一致, 均为先增加后减少; 2)红松最大生长速率发生时间早于春榆, 但春榆生长持续时间长于红松, 红松的木质部平均生长速率为3.4 μm·d^-1, 最大速率为9.4 μm·d^-1, 而春榆分别为11.0和23.0 μm·d^-1; 3)红松与春榆对环境因子的响应趋势高度一致, 但春榆对于环境因子的响应强度低于红松。两个树种径向生长总长度与平均气温、最高气温、最低气温、相对湿度、土壤温度显著正相关, 与光合有效辐射、饱和水汽压差显著负相关, 与土壤含水量和降水量无显著相关性。温度是影响红松与春榆年内径向生长的主要环境因子, 与此相关的土壤温度是关键因子。

关键词: 径向生长, 红松, 春榆, 气候响应, 木质部, 微树芯法

Abstract:

Aims Intra-annual radial growth monitoring using the micro-coring method provides high-resolution and dynamic tree growth information, which is essential for understanding trees’ responses to climate change.
Methods In this study, we utilized the micro-coring method to monitor the seasonal growth dynamics of Pinus koraiensisand Ulmus davidianavar. japonicain the mixed broadleaf-Korean pine forest of Changbai Mountain.
Important findings Our comparative analyses revealed that: (1) The cell enlargement for U. davidianavar. japonica (day of the year (DOY) 116.0 ± 4.70) occurred earlier than that for P. koraiensis (DOY 125.0 ± 2.64), with both species showing a similar trend of initial increase followed by a decrease in cell enlargement length; (2) The growth rate peak for P. koraiensis occurred earlier than that for U. davidianavar. japonica, but the growth duration of U. davidianavar. japonica was longer than that of P. koraiensis. The average xylem growth rate of P. koraiensis was 3.4 μm·d^-1, with a maximum rate of 9.4 μm·d^-1, whereas for U. davidianavar. japonica, the rates were 11.0 and 23.0 μm·d^-1; (3) Both species exhibited highly consistent response trends to environmental factors, although U. davidianavar. japonica exhibited a less intense response to climatic factors compared to P. koraiensis. The radial growth lengths of both species showed significant positive correlations with mean, maximum and minimum air temperatures, relative humidity, and soil temperature, and significant negative correlations with photosynthetically active radiation and vapor pressure deficit. No significant correlations were observed with soil water content and precipitation. Temperature emerged as the primary climatic factor influencing radial growth of P. koraiensis and U. davidianavar. japonica throughout the year, with soil temperature being the most critical climatic factor.

Key words: radial growth, Pinus koraiensis, Ulmus davidiana var. japonica, climatic response, xylem, micro-coring method

李港墩, 钱尼澎, 王林旭, 董淳超, 刘琪璟. 长白山红松和春榆径向生长季节动态对环境因子的响应. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(7): 1110-1118. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0216

LI Gang-Dun, QIAN Ni-Peng, WANG Lin-Xu, DONG Chun-Chao, LIU Qi-Jing. Seasonal dynamics of radial growth of Pinus koraiensis and Ulmus davidiana var. japonica are related to environmental factors in Changbai Mountain, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2025, 49(7): 1110-1118. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0216

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2024.0216

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2025/V49/I7/1110

图/表 5

图1 长白山阔叶红松林观测点气候季节进程。

Fig. 1 Seasonal process of climate at the observation site in the mixed broadleaf-Korean pine forest. PAR, photosynthetically active radiation; Pre, precipitation; RH, relative humidity; SWC, soil water content; Tmax, maximum air temperature; Tmean, mean air temperature; Tmin, minimum air temperature; ST, soil temperature; VPD, vapor pressure deficit.

图2 长白山阔叶红松林2023年红松和春榆木质部细胞分化季节动态(平均值±标准差)。

Fig. 2 Seasonal patterns of xylem-cell differentiation for Pinus koraiensis and Ulmus davidiana var. japonica in 2023 in the mixed broadleaf-Korean pine forest of Changbai Mountain (mean ± SD).

表1 红松和春榆不同阶段细胞发生时间和持续时间(平均值±标准差)

Table 1 Timing and duration of cell occurrence at different stages of Pinus koraiensis and Ulmus davidiana var. japonica in the mixed broadleaf-Korean pine forest of Changbai Mountain (mean ± SD)

树种 Species	扩大阶段 Enlargement stage		壁增厚阶段 Wall-thickening stage		成熟阶段 Lignification stage		生长季持续时间 Duration of growing season (d)
树种 Species	开始 Onset (DOY)	结束 End (DOY)	开始 Onset (DOY)	结束 End (DOY)	开始 Onset (DOY)	结束 End (DOY)	生长季持续时间 Duration of growing season (d)
红松 P. koraiensis	125 ± 2.6	238 ± 2.3	143 ± 2.5	245 ± 5.1	161 ± 6.2	250 ± 4.2	125 ± 2.0
春榆 U. davidiana var. japonica	116 ± 4.7	241 ± 5.4	130 ± 7.6	246 ± 6.4	133 ± 2.0	270 ± 3.0	154 ± 2.0

图3 红松和春榆木质部累积生长和生长速率季节动态。点表示红松(P1-P8)和春榆(U1-U8)各样木的径向生长总长度; A, B中曲线为各样树的Gompertz模型拟合曲线, C, D为日生长速率曲线。

Fig. 3 Seasonal dynamics of accumulated growth and growth rate in xylem of P. koraiensis and U. davidiana var. japonica. Dots represent the total radial growth length for each species; curves in A and B are Gompertz model fitting curves for each tree species, while C and D represent the daily growth rate curves.

图4 红松(Pk)、春榆(Uj)径向生长总长度与环境因子的关系。PAR, 光合有效辐射; Pre, 降水量; RH, 相对湿度; SWC, 土壤含水量; Tmax, 最高气温; Tmean, 平均气温; Tmin, 最低气温; ST, 土壤温度; VPD, 饱和水汽压差。

Fig. 4 Relationship between radial growth of Pinus koraiensis (Pk) and Ulmus davidiana var. japonica (Uj) and environmental factors. PAR, photosynthetically active radiation; Pre, precipitation; RH, relative humidity; SWC, soil water content; Tmax, maximum air temperature; Tmean, mean air temperature; Tmin, minimum air temperature; ST, soil temperature; VPD, vapor pressure deficit.

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