杉木和木荷木质部形成季节动态及其对环境因子的响应

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0135

植物生态学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (2): 295-307.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0135 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2024.0135

杉木和木荷木质部形成季节动态及其对环境因子的响应

李思雨¹^,², 杨风亭¹, 王辉民¹, 戴晓琴¹, 孟盛旺¹^,^*()

¹中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室, 千烟洲亚热带森林生态系统观测研究站, 北京 100101
²中国科学院大学资源与环境学院, 北京 100190

收稿日期:2024-04-29 接受日期:2024-06-20 出版日期:2025-02-20 发布日期:2025-02-20
通讯作者: ^*孟盛旺: (mengsw@igsnrr.ac.cn)
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32201547);32192432和32330071(32192432);32192432和32330071(32330071)

Seasonal dynamics of xylem formation in Cunninghamia lanceolata and Schima superba and its response to environmental factors

LI Si-Yu¹^,², YANG Feng-Ting¹, WANG Hui-Min¹, DAI Xiao-Qin¹, MENG Sheng-Wang¹^,^*()

¹Qianyanzhou Subtropical Forest Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
²College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

Received:2024-04-29 Accepted:2024-06-20 Online:2025-02-20 Published:2025-02-20
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32201547);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32192432);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32330071)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 解析木质部形成过程有助于深入了解木材生产力的形成机制及其对气候变化的适应能力, 对制定合理的人工林管理措施至关重要。该研究以千烟洲站的杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)和木荷(Schima superba)为对象, 使用微树芯法于2022年监测了两个树种木质部形成的季节动态, 旨在明晰其木质部形成物候、生长动态及差异, 并分析木质部生长速率与环境因子的相关性。结果表明, 杉木和木荷的形成层均于3月下旬开始活动并产生扩大细胞, 4月细胞壁加厚, 5月细胞开始成熟; 木荷于7月细胞扩大结束, 8月底细胞木质化结束, 分别比杉木早48天和21天。杉木生长季持续时间长, 但生长速率显著低于木荷, 导致年生长量小于木荷。在全年尺度上, 气温和土壤含水量对杉木和木荷木质部生长速率均有显著促进作用, 此外, 杉木木质部生长速率还与饱和水汽压差、光合有效辐射显著正相关, 与相对湿度显著负相关, 木荷木质部生长速率与土壤温度显著正相关。温度和土壤水分条件是调控研究区杉木和木荷木质部生长的关键因子。

关键词: 木质部, 形成层, 物候, 生长速率, 微树芯

Abstract:

Aims Understanding the physiological mechanism of wood productivity and its capacity to adapt to climate change is crucial for developing sustainable plantation management strategies, which requires an investigation into the xylem formation process. The objective of this study was to clarify the phenology and dynamics of xylem formation and their link with environmental factors in two tree species under subtropical climate.

Methods In 2022, we monitored the seasonal dynamics of xylem formation of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Schima superba using the microcoring method at Qianyanzhou Subtropical Forest Ecological Research Station. We also collected environmental data to analyze the correlations with xylem growth rates.

Important findings The results showed that in late March, C. lanceolataand Schima superbastarted to produce enlargement cells. In April, the cell walls thickened, and in May, the cells began to mature. Schima superba completed cell enlargement in July and finished cell lignification by the end of August, 48 days and 21 days earlier than C. lanceolata, respectively. Despite having a longer growing season, C. lanceolataexhibited a much lower growth rate than S. superba, resulting in a smaller final growth volume. The xylem growth rates of C. lanceolata and S. superba correlated favorably with air temperature and soil water content on an annual basis. Furthermore, C. lanceolatadisplayed a significant positive response to vapor pressure deficit and photosynthetically active radiation, while it was negatively impacted by relative humidity. Additionally, there was a substantially positive correlation between soil temperature and S. superbaxylem growth rate. The primary factors influencing the xylem growth of C. lanceolataand S. superba in the study area were temperature and the soil water conditions.

Key words: xylem, cambium, phenology, growth rate, microcore

李思雨, 杨风亭, 王辉民, 戴晓琴, 孟盛旺. 杉木和木荷木质部形成季节动态及其对环境因子的响应. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(2): 295-307. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0135

LI Si-Yu, YANG Feng-Ting, WANG Hui-Min, DAI Xiao-Qin, MENG Sheng-Wang. Seasonal dynamics of xylem formation in Cunninghamia lanceolata and Schima superba and its response to environmental factors. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2025, 49(2): 295-307. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0135

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2024.0135

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2025/V49/I2/295

图/表 10

表1 千烟洲站杉木和木荷样树基本信息

Table 1 Key information about the sample trees of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Schima superba in Qianyanzhou research station

树种 Species	生活型 Life form	木材类型 Wood type	树号 Tree No.	胸径 Diameter at breast height (cm)
杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	常绿针叶 Evergreen conifer	无孔材 Non-porous wood	1	22.3
			2	20.5
			3	24.0
			4	21.6
木荷 Schima superba	常绿阔叶 Evergreen broadleaf	散孔材 Diffuse-porous wood	1	18.7
			2	24.7
			3	20.7

图1 偏光显微镜下杉木(A)和木荷(B)木质部解剖示意图。Cz, 形成层; Ec, 扩大细胞; M, 成熟细胞; Ph, 韧皮部; vessel, 木质部导管; WT, 细胞壁加厚细胞; Xy, 木质部(上一年年轮)。

Fig. 1 Anatomical diagram of xylem of Cunninghamia lanceolata (A) and Schima superba (B) under polarized light microscope. Cz, cambium zone; Ec, enlargement cells; M, mature cells; Ph, phloem; WT, wall thickening cells; Xy, xylem in last year.

图2 2022年千烟洲站气候特征。PAR, 光合有效辐射; Pre, 降水量; RH, 相对湿度; ST, 土壤温度; SWC, 土壤含水量; Tmax, 最高气温; Tmean, 平均气温; Tmin, 最低气温; VPD, 饱和水汽压差。

Fig. 2 Climate characteristics of Qianyanzhou Station in 2022. PAR, photosynthetically active radiation; Pre, precipitation; RH, relative humidity; ST, soil temperature; SWC, soil water content; Tmax, maximum air temperature; Tmean, mean air temperature; Tmin, minimum air temperature; VPD, saturated vapor pressure difference.

图3 杉木和木荷木质部形成的关键日期(A)和持续时间(B), 以年序日(DOY)表示(平均值±标准差)。ns, p > 0.05; **, p < 0.01。

Fig. 3 Key dates (A) and duration (B) of xylem formation in Cunninghamia lanceolata and Schima superba, expressed in day of year (DOY) (mean ± SD). ns, p > 0.05; **, p < 0.01.

图4 杉木和木荷木质部形成细胞分化各阶段生长量宽度变化(平均值±标准误), 包括形成层区域(A、E)、扩大细胞区域(B、F)、细胞壁加厚区域(C、G)、成熟细胞区域(D、H)。其中杉木细胞壁加厚的“双峰”趋势可在图C右上角小图中清晰观察到。

Fig. 4 Variation of ring width at each stage of cell differentiation during xylem formation (mean ± SE) in Cunninghamia lanceolata and Schima superba, including cambium zone (A, E), enlarging cells zone (B, F), wall thickening zone (C, G) and mature cells zone (D, H). The bimodal pattern of the cell wall thickening in C. lanceolata is clearly visible in the small figure at the upper right corner of panel C.

表2 Gompertz模型对杉木和木荷木质部年生长量的拟合结果

Table 2 Fitting results of the Gompertz function for xylem annual growth in Cunninghamia lanceolata and Schima superba

树种 Species	树号 Tree No.	A	β	k	调整R²Adjust R²	r_mean(μm·d^-1)	r_max(μm·d^-1)	t_p
杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	1	679.49 ± 58.62	2.12 ± 0.38	0.015 ± 0.003	0.92	2.29	3.75	141.33
	2	1 130.06 ± 249.69	2.21 ± 0.45	0.010 ± 0.003	0.89	2.54	4.16	221.00
	3	871.06 ± 46.14	2.55 ± 0.61	0.023 ± 0.005	0.84	4.51	7.37	110.87
	4	443.55 ± 29.66	2.50 ± 0.56	0.018 ± 0.004	0.85	1.80	2.94	138.89
	平均 Mean	754.50 ± 39.16	1.81 ± 0.19	0.013 ± 0.002	0.95	2.21^b	3.61^b	139.23^a
木荷 Schima superba	1	973.60 ± 48.70	8.24 ± 4.99	0.067 ± 0.040	0.78	14.68	24.00	122.99
	2	2 213.90 ± 69.46	6.56 ± 1.71	0.047 ± 0.012	0.92	23.41	38.28	139.57
	3	2 183.16 ± 66.56	8.40 ± 2.97	0.065 ± 0.022	0.91	31.93	52.20	129.23
	平均 Mean	1 745.44 ± 50.81	7.59 ± 2.32	0.058 ± 0.017	0.92	22.78^a	37.24^a	130.86^a

图5 Gompertz模型拟合的杉木和木荷木质部生长动态曲线(A、B)及生长速率曲线(C、D)。

Fig. 5 Xylem growth dynamics (A, B) and growth rates (C, D) of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Schima superba, fitted using Gompertz model.

图6 杉木和木荷木质部生长速率与环境因子的Pearson相关系数。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001。PAR, 光合有效辐射; Pre, 降水量; RH, 相对湿度; ST, 土壤温度; SWC, 土壤含水量; Tmax, 最高气温; Tmean, 平均气温; Tmin, 最低气温; VPD, 饱和水汽压差。

Fig. 6 Pearson correlation coefficients between xylem growth rate and environmental factors of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Schima superba. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001. PAR, photosynthetically active radiation; Pre, precipitation; RH, relative humidity; ST, soil temperature; SWC, soil water content; Tmax, maximum air temperature; Tmean, mean air temperature; Tmin, minimum air temperature; VPD, saturated vapor pressure difference.

图7 杉木(A)和木荷(B)木质部生长速率(XGR)与环境因子的主成分(PC)分析。PAR, 光合有效辐射; Pre, 降水量; RH, 相对湿度; ST, 土壤温度; SWC, 土壤含水量; Tmax, 最高气温; Tmean, 平均气温; Tmin, 最低气温; VPD, 饱和水汽压差。

Fig. 7 Principal component (PC) analysis of xylem growth rate (XGR) and environmental factors in Cunninghamia lanceolata (A) and Schima superba (B). PAR, photosynthetically active radiation; Pre, precipitation; RH, relative humidity; ST, soil temperature; SWC, soil water content; Tmax, maximum air temperature; Tmean, mean air temperature; Tmin, minimum air temperature; VPD, saturated vapor pressure difference.

图8 夏季干旱月份杉木(A)和木荷(B)木质部形成过程中出现的异常特征。

Fig. 8 Xylem growth characteristics of Cunninghamia lanceolata (A) and Schima superba (B) during dry months in summer drought.

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杉木和木荷木质部形成季节动态及其对环境因子的响应

Seasonal dynamics of xylem formation in Cunninghamia lanceolata and Schima superba and its response to environmental factors

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