不同胁迫因子下水培富贵竹蒸腾对根压的响应

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0472

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

根系吸水和叶片蒸腾协同作用以维持植物体内水分动态平衡。木质部水分的长距离运输主要依赖蒸腾拉力, 根压仅在夜间或蒸腾速率低时起作用。然而, 一些藤类和草本植物具有较大的根压, 在蒸腾拉力同时存在的情况下, 根压变化是否影响蒸腾及蒸腾对根压变化的响应速度和方式仍不清楚。该研究以水培富贵竹(Dracaena sanderiana)为研究对象, 设置低温(0 ℃)、高温(35 ℃)、盐(200 mmol·L^-1 NaCl)、干旱(20% PEG 6000)、去须根和离体胁迫处理, 探讨以上胁迫因子对富贵竹根压和蒸腾的影响, 以及蒸腾对根压的响应。结果表明: (1)富贵竹根压较大, 非胁迫条件下可维持全天正压, 能够单独作用将水分驱动至茎干顶端, 而不需要蒸腾拉力作用; 富贵竹蒸腾速率最大值仅为0.37 mmol·m^-2·s^-1, 蒸腾耗水少可能是其可全天维持正根压的原因。(2)低温处理后根压和蒸腾速率均降低, 高温处理后两者均升高, 说明温度影响根系的生理活动和根压, 根压变化又迅速影响蒸腾。(3)盐、干旱、去须根和离体处理后, 根压均在一天内降到负值后逐渐回升至0附近, 而蒸腾速率和气孔导度均在处理后短时间内小幅降低, 次日降至处理前的18%-72%, 长时间(4-12天)处理后则均接近于0, 这说明水培富贵竹蒸腾对根压变化反馈迅速, 根压消失导致富贵竹失去水分向上运输的动力, 引起气孔关闭和蒸腾消失。综上所述, 水培富贵竹根压消失后蒸腾拉力并未维持之前的蒸腾速率, 说明富贵竹木质部水分运输具有根压驱动机制, 与大多数植物具有的以蒸腾拉力为主要驱动机制不同。该研究进一步揭示了富贵竹特殊的水分运输机制, 为富贵竹栽培的水分管理提供理论支撑与指导。

关键词: 水培, 富贵竹, 根压, 蒸腾, 木质部, 水分运输

Abstract:

Aims Root water absorption and leaf transpiration work together to maintain the dynamic balance of water in plants. Long distance water transport in the xylem mainly relies on transpiration pull, whereas root pressure functions only at night or under conditions of low transpiration. Some rattan and herbaceous plants have high root pressure. However, given that transpiration pull simultaneously occurs, it remains unclear whether the root pressure changes affect transpiration rate, as well as the speed and manner in which transpiration responds to root pressure variations.

Methods In this paper, the effects of low temperature (0 °C), high temperature (35 °C), salt stress (200 mmol·L^-1 NaCl), drought (20% PEG 6000), fibrous root removal and in vitro conditions on root pressure and transpiration of Dracaena sanderiana were studied to explore the feedback of transpiration on root pressure.

Important findings (1) The root pressure of D. sanderiana was relatively high. Under non-stress conditions, it could maintain positive throughout the day and could independently drive water to the top of the stem. The maximum transpiration rate of D. sanderiana was only 0.37 mmol·m^-2·s^-1, which might explain why the root pressure can remain positive throughout the day. (2) After low temperature treatment, both root pressure and transpiration decreased, while increased under high temperature treatment, indicating that the root system was affected by temperature. This suggests that temperature directly impacts the root system, altering root pressure production, which in turn rapidly affects transpiration. (3) After salt, drought, fibrous root removal and in vitro treatments, root pressure dropped to a negative value in one day and then gradually recovered to near 0. The transpiration rate showed a slight initial decrease after several hours of short-term treatment, followed by a reduction to 18%-72% of the pre-treatment level the next day, and eventually dropped to zero after 4-12 d of long-term treatment, which indicated that the transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of D. sanderiana responded rapidly to the change of root pressure. In conclusion, after the root pressure disappeared, the transpiration pull failed to maintain the previous transpiration rate, suggesting that, unlike most plants, the long-distance water transport in the xylem of D. sanderiana is root pressure-driven. This study provides theoretical support and guidance for water management in D. sanderiana cultivation.

Key words: hydroponic, Dracaena sanderiana, root pressure, transpiration, xylem, water transport

郑佳棋, 宋金凤, 桑英, 孙慧珍, 张伟志, 张敏, 全先奎, 金光泽. 不同胁迫因子下水培富贵竹蒸腾对根压的响应. 植物生态学报, 2026, 50(1): 213-221. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0472

ZHENG Jia-Qi, SONG Jin-Feng, SANG Ying, SUN Hui-Zhen, ZHANG Wei-Zhi, ZHANG Min, QUAN Xian-Kui, JIN Guang-Ze. Response of transpiration to root pressure of hydroponic Dracaena sanderiana under different stress factors. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2026, 50(1): 213-221. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0472

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2024.0472

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2026/V50/I1/213

图/表 4

图1 根压测定装置。

Fig. 1 Apparatus for root pressure measurement.

图2 对照、低温、高温对水培富贵竹根压、蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Gs)的影响(平均值±标准误)。CK为对照, 0 min为处理前数值, 15 min-4 d为处理后相应时间结果。

Fig. 2 Effects of low and high temperature on root pressure, transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal conductance (Gs) of hydroponic Dracaena sanderiana (mean ± SE). CK represents control, 0 min represents the value before treatment, and 15 min to 4 d represents the value of 15 minutes to 4 d after treatment.

图3 盐、干旱、去须根和离体处理对水培富贵竹根压、蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Gs)的影响(平均值±标准误)。0 min为处理前数值, 15 min-12 d为处理后相应时间结果。

Fig. 3 Effects of salt, drought, fibrous root removal and in vitro on root pressure, transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal conductance (Gs) of hydroponic Dracaena sanderiana (mean ± SE). 0 min represents the value before treatment, and 15 min to 4 d represents the value of 15 minutes to 12 d after treatment.

表1 短时间和长时间胁迫条件下水培富贵竹根压与蒸腾速率的相关性

Table 1 Correlation coefficient between root pressure and transpiration rate of hydroponic Dracaena sanderiana under short- and long-time stress conditions

胁迫条件 Stress condition	短时间 short time treatment	长时间 long time treatment
0 ℃	0.464	0.173
35 ℃	0.883^**	0.516
NaCl	0.964^**	0.922^**
PEG 6000	0.107	-0.027
去须根 Fibrous root removal	0.357	0.827^*
离体 in vitro	0.180	0.855^**

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