大金发藓对土壤多氯联苯污染的生理生态响应

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2015.0027

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过微体繁殖技术在多氯联苯(PCBs)污染土壤基质上进行大金发藓(Polytrichum commune)的室内培养, 研究了不同浓度(5、10和20 mg·kg^-1)低氯PCBs (Aroclor 1242)和高氯PCBs Aroclor 1254)对大金发藓生理生态指标的影响。经6个月的培养, 大金发藓的密度和盖度分别达93%和50株·cm^-2以上, PCBs处理组与对照组相比无显著差异, 表明PCBs对大金发藓茎叶碎片再生成新植株体的能力没有产生不利影响。大金发藓鲜质量和株高随低氯PCBs (Aroclor 1242)浓度增加而增加、随高氯PCBs (Aroclor 1254)浓度增加而减小, 但均高于对照, 表明PCBs处理对大金发藓的生长具有一定的促进作用。PCBs处理组大金发藓叶绿素a、b以及叶绿素a + b含量较对照组有所增加, 叶绿素a/b值与对照组相比基本没有变化。PCBs处理组大金发藓膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛含量和超氧化物歧化酶活性与对照组相比无显著差异, 谷胱甘肽含量较对照组显著增加, 表明谷胱甘肽在大金发藓体内活性氧清除过程中起重要作用。总体来看, 大金发藓能在所设浓度的PCBs范围内正常生长, 对PCBs有较强的耐性。

关键词: 生理生态响应, 污染, 多氯联苯, 大金发藓

Abstract: Aims

The objective of this study was to investigate the tolerance of Polytrichum commune to soil contamination by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and the underlying eco-physiological mechanisms.

Methods

Polytrichum commune was propagated and cultured in PCBs contaminated soil by means of micropropagation under laboratory conditions, and eco-physiological variables relating to tolerance to PCBs (Aroclor 1242 and Aroclor 1254) contamination were studied.

Important findings

The coverage and density of P. commune were higher than 93% and 50 plants·cm^-2 and there was no significant difference between the PCBs treatments and the control. PCBs (Aroclor 1242 and Aroclor 1254) had no adverse effects on the regeneration of gametophyte fragments. The height and fresh mass of P. commune increased with an increase in the concentration of Aroclor 1242, and decreased with an increase in the concentration of Aroclor1254, but they were higher in the PCBs treatment than in the control, indicating that PCBs stimulated the growth of P. commune. The contents of chlorophyll (Chl) a, Chl b and Chl a + b in P. commune were slight higher in the PCBs treatments than in the control, and the ratio of Chl a/b maintained relatively stable in both the PCBs treatments and the control. The content of malondialdehyde and activity of superoxide dismutase in P. commune were not significantly different between the PCBs treatments and the control, whereas the content of glutathione was significantly higher in the PCBs treatments than in the control, indicating that glutathione played a pivotal role in the course of scavenging reactive oxygen species. The study demonstrated that the growth of P. commune was not adversely impacted by PCBs contaminated soil at given concentrations, reflecting its tolerance to PCBs.

Key words: eco-physiological response, pollution, polychlorinated biphenyls, Polytrichum commune

吴启美, 周启星. 大金发藓对土壤多氯联苯污染的生理生态响应. 植物生态学报, 2015, 39(3): 275-282. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0027

WU Qi-Mei,ZHOU Qi-Xing. Eco-physiological responses of Polytrichum commune to soil contamination by polychlorinated biphenyls. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2015, 39(3): 275-282. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0027

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2015.0027

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2015/V39/I3/275

图/表 6

图1 不同浓度(mg·kg-1)多氯联苯(PCBs)污染对大金发藓生长的影响。A, Aroclor 1242污染1个月。B, Aroclor 1254 污染1个月。C, Aroclor 1242 污染6个月。D, Aroclor 1254 污染6个月。

Fig. 1 Effects of different concentration (mg·kg-1) polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) contamination on the growth of Polytichum commune. A, Aroclor 1242 contaminated 1 month. B, Aroclor 1254 contaminated 1 month. C, Aroclor 1242 contaminated 6 months. D, Aroclor 1254 contaminated 6 months.

图2 多氯联苯(PCBs)污染对大金发藓盖度和密度的影响(平均值±标准偏差)。

Fig. 2 Effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) contamination on the coverage and density of Polytichum commune (mean ± SD).

图3 多氯联苯(PCBs)污染对大金发藓株高(A)和鲜质量(B)的影响(平均值±标准偏差)。不同小写字母表示Aroclor 1242不同处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。不同大写字母表示Aroclor 1254处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) contamination on the height (A) and fresh mass (B) of Polytichum commune (mean ± SD). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different Aroclor 1242 treatments (p < 0.05). Different capital letters indicate significant differences among different Aroclor 1254 treatments (p < 0.05).

表1 多氯联苯(PCBs)污染对大金发藓叶绿素含量的影响(平均值±标准偏差)

Table 1 Effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) contamination on the content of chlorophyll (Chl) in Polytichum commune (mean ± SD)

污染物 Pollutant	浓度 Concentration (μg·kg^-1)	Chl a (mg·g^-1)	处理/对照 Treatment / control (%)	Chl b (mg·g^-1)	处理/对照 Treatment / control (%)	Chl a + b (mg·g^-1)	处理/对照 Treatment / control (%)	Chl a / b	处理/对照 Treatment / Control (%)
CK		2.32 ± 0.13^aA	100.00	0.92 ± 0.05^aA	100.00	3.23 ± 0.18^aA	100.00	2.52 ± 0.01^aA	100.00
Aroclor 1242	5	2.78 ± 0.29^ab	119.71	1.09 ± 0.12^a	118.98	3.87 ± 0.41^a	119.51	2.54 ± 0.02^a	100.67
	10	2.54 ± 0.10^ab	109.60	1.00 ± 0.05^a	108.51	3.54 ± 0.15^a	109.29	2.55 ± 0.03^a	101.03
	20	2.97 ± 0.54^b	128.04	1.16 ± 0.22^a	125.85	4.12 ± 0.76^a	127.42	2.57 ± 0.04^a	101.91
Aroclor 1254	5	2.55 ± 0.16^AB	109.99	0.99 ± 0.07^AB	107.18	3.53 ± 0.22^AB	109.20	2.59 ± 0.03^B	102.66
	10	2.77 ± 0.33^B	119.39	1.10 ± 0.13^B	119.56	3.86 ± 0.46^B	119.44	2.52 ± 0.03^A	99.88
	20	2.35 ± 0.02^A	101.50	0.91 ± 0.01^A	98.75	3.26 ± 0.03^A	100.72	2.59 ± 0.00^B	102.79

图4 多氯联苯(PCBs)污染对大金发藓丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响(平均值±标准偏差)。

Fig. 4 Effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) contamination on the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in Polyti- chum commune (mean ± SD).

图5 多氯联苯(PCBs)污染对大金发藓超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性(A)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量(B)的影响(平均值±标准偏差)。不同小写字母表示Aroclor 1242不同处理间差异显著(p < 0.05); 不同大写字母表示Aroclor 1254处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 5 Effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) contamination on superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (A) and glutathione (GSH) content (B) in Polytichum commune (mean ± SD). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different Aroclor 1242 treatments (p < 0.05). Different capital letters indicate significant differences among different Aroclor 1254 treatments (p < 0.05).

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