CO2浓度升高对茴香植株生长、精油含量和组分的影响

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.03.020

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用每日定时向密封人工气候室补充CO₂的方法,研究了3种CO₂浓度(平均浓度分别为287.11、532.88和780.46 μmol·mol ^-1)对茴香(Foeniculum vulgare)生长、精油含量和组分的影响。结果表明:随着CO₂浓度的升高,茴香的株高、花序数、花序鲜重、花序干重、全株干重和植株的干物率均有所上升;植株可溶性糖和全碳含量不断升高,而全氮和蛋白氮含量不断减少;叶色素含量呈下降趋势,叶绿素a/b比的差异不显著;植株精油含量(分别为1.26、1.45和1.57 ml·(100 g)^-1 DW)和单株精油产量(分别为0.019、0.023和0.033 ml)均随之升高。从茴香植株的精油中鉴定出22种成分,用不同浓度的CO₂处理,精油的成分种类没有差异,成分相对含量却有差别,差异达到极显著水平的有:α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、月桂烯、对聚伞花素、反式葑醇乙酸酯和顺式茴香脑;含量差异达到显著水平的有:香桧烯、水芹烯、罗勒烯、γ-萜品烯、3,4-二甲基-2,4,6-三烯、爱草脑、葑醇乙酸酯、古巴烯、金合欢烯和吉玛烯。茴香精油的主要成分反式茴香脑的含量(分别为55.94%、57.20%和59.55%)随着CO₂浓度的升高而升高,而柠檬烯含量(29.60%、30.24%和26.12%)表现出相反的趋势,二者在不同的CO₂浓度处理之间差异均不显著。

关键词: 茴香, 生长, 精油, CO₂浓度

Abstract:

Aims The primary metabolism and secondary metabolism of plants are influenced by elevated CO₂ concentration. There are many studies on primary metabolism, but few on secondary metabolism; therefore, we studied the effect of CO₂ concentration on plant growth (primary metabolism), contents and components of essential oil (secondary metabolism) in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare).

Methods After adding CO₂ at three concentration levels (287.11, 532.88 and 780.46 μmol·mol ^-1) to a sealed phytotron for 70 days, we investigated plant growth, contents and components of essential oil in fennel.

Important findings Plant height, inflorescence number, fresh and dry weight of inflorescence, whole plant dry weight and dry mass ratio increased, while node number and whole plant fresh weight did not change significantly. Soluble sugar and total carbon increased continuously, while total nitrogen and protein nitrogen exhibited the opposite trend. Pigment content in leaves decreased, but chlorophyll a/b ratio was not significantly different among plants. Contents of essential oil and yields of essential oil per plant were improved under elevated CO₂ concentrations. We identified 22 kinds of components in essential oil, but there were no differences in components of essential oil among different CO₂ concentration treatments. However, α-pinene, β-pinene, myrcene, p-cymene, tran-fenchyl acetate and (Z)-anethole were significantly different in relative contents of components (p<0.01), and sabinene, phellandrene, ocimene, γ-terpinene, 2,4,6-octatriene, 3,4-dimethyl-, estragole, fenchyl acetate, copaene, fanesene and germacrene were significantly different (p<0.05). Contents of (E)-anethole in essential oil increased under elevated CO₂ concentrations, while contents of limonene decreased, but differences between contents of (E)-anethole and those of limonene were not significant.

Key words: fennel, growth, essential oil, CO₂ concentration

任安祥, 何金明, 肖艳辉, 王羽梅. CO₂浓度升高对茴香植株生长、精油含量和组分的影响. 植物生态学报, 2008, 32(3): 698-703. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.03.020

REN An-Xiang, HE Jin-Ming, XIAO Yan-Hui, WANG Yu-Mei. EFFECTS OF CO₂ CONCENTRATION ON PLANT GROWTH, CONTENTS AND COMPONENTS OF ESSENTIAL OIL IN FENNEL (FOENICULUM VULGARE). Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2008, 32(3): 698-703. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.03.020

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.03.020

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2008/V32/I3/698

图/表 6

参考文献 22

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CO₂处理 CO₂ treatment	株高 Plant height (cm)	节数 No. of nodes	花序数 No. of anthotaxies	花序鲜重 Anthotaxy FW (g)	全株鲜重 Plant FW (g)	全株干重 Plant DW (g)
处理1 Treatment 1	62.75±12.18^Ab	11.81±1.80^a	2.69±1.66^a	0.26±0.22^Bb	8.48±2.30^a	1.49±0.41^Bb
处理2 Treatment 2	63.44±15.54^Ab	10.94±1.57^a	2.94±1.88^a	0.37±0.33^ABb	8.22±4.12^a	1.59±0.79^ABb
处理3 Treatment 3	73.88±9.59^Aa	11.63±1.41^a	3.75±1.53^a	0.60±0.42^Aa	9.80±2.73^a	2.11±0.59^Aa

CO₂处理 CO₂ treatment	株高 Plant height (cm)	节数 No. of nodes	花序数 No. of anthotaxies	花序鲜重 Anthotaxy FW (g)	全株鲜重 Plant FW (g)	全株干重 Plant DW (g)
处理1 Treatment 1	62.75±12.18^Ab	11.81±1.80^a	2.69±1.66^a	0.26±0.22^Bb	8.48±2.30^a	1.49±0.41^Bb
处理2 Treatment 2	63.44±15.54^Ab	10.94±1.57^a	2.94±1.88^a	0.37±0.33^ABb	8.22±4.12^a	1.59±0.79^ABb
处理3 Treatment 3	73.88±9.59^Aa	11.63±1.41^a	3.75±1.53^a	0.60±0.42^Aa	9.80±2.73^a	2.11±0.59^Aa

CO₂处理 CO₂ treatments	精油含量 Essential oil contents (ml·(100 g)^-1 DM)	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar (%)	全氮 Full nitrogen (%)	蛋白氮 Protein nitrogen (%)	全碳 Full carbon (%)	单株精油产量 Yield of essential oil per plant (ml)
处理1 Treatment 1	1.26±0.20^Ab	5.96±0.20^Cc	0.14±0^Aa	0.10±0^Aa	16.10±0.96^Bb	0.019±0.005^Bb
处理2 Treatment 2	1.45±0.27^Aab	8.94±0.57^Bb	0.14±0^Aa	0.10±0^Aa	19.13±2.04^Aa	0.023±0.012^Bb
处理3 Treatment 3	1.57±0.17^Aa	11.99±0.1^Aa	0.08±0^Bb	0.05±0^Bb	20.33±1.33^Aa	0.033±0.009^Aa

CO₂处理 CO₂ treatments	精油含量 Essential oil contents (ml·(100 g)^-1 DM)	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar (%)	全氮 Full nitrogen (%)	蛋白氮 Protein nitrogen (%)	全碳 Full carbon (%)	单株精油产量 Yield of essential oil per plant (ml)
处理1 Treatment 1	1.26±0.20^Ab	5.96±0.20^Cc	0.14±0^Aa	0.10±0^Aa	16.10±0.96^Bb	0.019±0.005^Bb
处理2 Treatment 2	1.45±0.27^Aab	8.94±0.57^Bb	0.14±0^Aa	0.10±0^Aa	19.13±2.04^Aa	0.023±0.012^Bb
处理3 Treatment 3	1.57±0.17^Aa	11.99±0.1^Aa	0.08±0^Bb	0.05±0^Bb	20.33±1.33^Aa	0.033±0.009^Aa

CO₂处理 CO₂ treatments	叶绿素a Chl a	叶绿素b Chl b	类胡萝卜素 Carotenoids	叶绿素a/叶绿素b Chl a/b ratio
处理1 Treatment 1	1.15±0.01^Aa	0.58±0.01^a	0.16±0.02^a	1.98±0.04^a
处理2 Treatment 2	1.14±0.04^Aa	0.57±0.03^a	0.16±0.04^a	2.01±0.16^a
处理3 Treatment 3	0.87±0.06^Bb	0.50±0.08^a	0.13±0.05^a	1.78±0.36^a

CO₂浓度升高对茴香植株生长、精油含量和组分的影响

EFFECTS OF CO₂ CONCENTRATION ON PLANT GROWTH, CONTENTS AND COMPONENTS OF ESSENTIAL OIL IN FENNEL (FOENICULUM VULGARE)

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序号 No.	成分 Components	处理1 Treatment 1	处理2 Treatment 2	处理3 Treatment 3
1	α-蒎烯α-Pinene	1.17±0.10^Aa	0.49±0.10^Bb	0.35±0.02^Bb
2	香桧烯Sabinene	0.07±0.01^Ab	0.09±0.02^Aab	0.10±0.01^Aa
3	β-蒎烯β-Pinene	0.16±0.01^Aa	0.09±0.01^Bab	0.07±0.01^Bb
4	月桂烯Myrcene	0.33±0.02^Aa	0.32±0.01^ABa	0.28±0.02^Bb
5	水芹烯Phellandrene	2.19±0.17^Aab	1.48±0.29^Ab	2.29±0.57^Aa
6	对聚伞花素p-Cymene	0.18±0.03^Aa	0.12±0.01^Bb	0.19±0.01^Aa
7	柠檬烯Limonene	29.60±2.41^a	30.24±2.17^a	26.12±3.13^a
8	罗勒烯Ocimene	0.11±0.02^Ab	0.10±0.02^Ab	0.06±0.01^Aa
9	γ-萜品烯γ-Terpinene	1.09±0.08^Ab	1.43±0.16^Aa	1.55±0.20^Aa
10	萜品油烯Terpinolen	0.71±0.03^a	0.88±0.16^a	0.92±0.10^a
11	3,4-二甲基-2,4,6-三烯 2,4,6-Octatriene,3,4-dimethyl-	0.12±0.01^Aa	0.11±0.01^Aab	0.10±0.01^Ab
12	爱草脑Estragole	2.07±0.03^Ab	2.08±0.08^Ab	2.21±0.07^Aa
13	葑醇乙酸酯Fenchyl acetate	0.09±0.01^Aa	0.08±0.01^Aa	0.05±0.00^Bb
14	反式葑醇乙酸酯tran-Fenchyl acetate	0.51±0.06^Aa	0.40±0.06^Ab	0.22±0.01^Bc
15	顺式茴香脑 (Z)-Anethole	0.13±0.01^Aa	0.12±0.01^ABa	0.09±0.01^Bb
16	反式茴香脑 (E)-Anethole	55.94±1.35^a	57.20±2.12^a	59.55±3.25^a
17	古巴烯Copaene	0.03±0.00^Ab	0.04±0.01^Aa	0.04±0.00^Aa
18	雪松烯Cedrene	0.03±0.00^a	0.03±0.00^a	0.03±0.00^a
19	金合欢烯Fanesene	0.13±0.01^Aa	0.12±0.01^Aab	0.10±0.01^Ab
20	吉玛烯D Germacrene D	0.22±0.00^Ab	0.24±0.03^Ab	0.29±0.03^Aa
21	肉豆蔻醚 Myristicin	0.09±0.02^a	0.10±0.04^a	0.13±0.03^a
22	莳萝芹菜脑Dill apiol	4.04±1.17^a	3.47±1.17^a	4.43±0.59^a
合计Total		99.00±0.06^a	99.22±0.06^a	99.19±0.10^a

成分 Components	处理1 Treatment 1	处理2 Treatment 2	处理3 Treatment 3
单萜类Monoterpenes	35.72±2.41	35.35±1.94	32.04±2.82
含氧化合物Oxygenated compounds	62.86±2.41	63.45±1.91	66.69±2.83
倍半萜类Sesquiterpenes	0.41±0.01	0.43±0.04	0.46±0.02

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