红松和蒙古栎径向生长季节动态及其对非结构性碳水化合物的响应

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2025.0031

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

该研究以长白山阔叶红松林中的红松(Pinus koraiensis)和蒙古栎(Quercus mongolica)为研究对象, 探究两个树种径向生长的季节动态及其对非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)的响应。实验于生长季(4-10月)内进行季节性采样, 测定枝、叶、根、木质部和韧皮部5个组分的可溶性糖、淀粉以及NSC浓度。同时采用微树芯法监测木质部年内生长动态, 研究NSC浓度与木质部细胞生长之间的潜在联系。主要结果如下: 1)种间NSC浓度有较大差异, 红松大于蒙古栎, 红松各组分NSC浓度变幅大于蒙古栎。且红松5-9月的NSC浓度大于3-4月, 蒙古栎6-9月的NSC浓度大于3-5月。两树种各组分之间NSC浓度也存在较大差异, 均表现为韧皮部>叶>枝>根>木质部。NSC浓度变化主要集中于红松(4-6月)和蒙古栎(4-7月)生长速率变化较大的时间段, 当生长速率趋于稳定后NSC浓度同样趋于稳定。2)蒙古栎与红松的年内木质部细胞生长动态均呈“S”形, 生长速率曲线均呈“倒钟形”。蒙古栎最大生长速率大于红松, 径向生长开始时间早于红松(年序日(DOY) 112 ± 2 vs. DOY 120 ± 1), 生长结束时间晚于红松(DOY 252 ± 1 vs. DOY 241 ± 7), 生长持续时间比红松更长(140 d vs. 121 d)。3)红松木质部细胞生长速率与各组分NSC浓度呈正相关关系, 蒙古栎则呈负相关关系。在不同生长时期生长速率与各组分NSC浓度的动态变化具体表现为: 生长初期(4-5月), 红松和蒙古栎径向生长速率随NSC浓度下降而增加。生长高峰期(6月), 红松木质部生长速率与NSC浓度同时增加, 而蒙古栎木质部生长速率随NSC浓度的降低而增加。生长高峰期过后(7-9月), 两树种NSC开始重新累计。综上所述, 该研究通过探讨长白山地区红松与蒙古栎两个主要树种不同组分的NSC浓度及木质部年内生长动态, 发现NSC在调控木质部生长中发挥着关键作用。研究揭示了红松与蒙古栎的NSC浓度与木质部生长之间的协调规律, 特别是两者在生长高峰期时不同碳分配模式。研究结果为理解该地区树木生长及碳分配机制提供了新的见解, 也为预测未来气候变化对树木生长及碳动态响应的研究提供了重要参考。

关键词: 非结构性碳水化合物, 微树芯, 径向生长, 阔叶红松林, 长白山

Abstract:

Aims The study focused on Pinus koraiensis and Quercus mongolica in the broadleaf Korean pine forest of Changbai Mountain, investigating the seasonal dynamics of radial growth in both species and their response to non-structural carbohydrates (NSC).

Methods Seasonal sampling was conducted during the growing season (April to October), measuring the concentrations of soluble sugar, starch, and NSC in five components: branch, leaf, root, xylem, and phloem. Additionally, the micro-core sampling method was used to monitor the intra-annual growth dynamics of the xylem and investigate the potential relationship between NSC concentrations and xylem cell growth.

Important findings The main results are as follows: 1) There were significant differences in NSC concentrations between species, with P. koraiensis having higher NSC concentrations than Q. mongolica, and the range of variation in NSC concentrations being greater in P. koraiensis than in Q. mongolica. NSC concentrations in P. koraiensis were higher from May to September compared to March and April, while in Q. mongolica, NSC concentrations were higher from June to September compared to March to May. There were also notable differences in NSC concentrations between components within each species, with the pattern being phloem > leaf > branch > root > xylem. NSC concentration changes were most pronounced during periods of significant growth rate changes in P. koraiensis (April to June) and Q. mongolica (April to July), and once growth rates stabilized, NSC concentrations also became stable. 2) The intra-annual xylem cell growth dynamics of both Q. mongolica and P. koraiensis follow an “S” shape, with growth rate curves exhibiting an inverted “bell” shape. The maximum growth rate of Q. mongolica is higher than that of P. koraiensis, and its radial growth begins earlier (Day of year (DOY) 112 ± 2 vs. DOY 120 ± 1), ends later (DOY 252 ± 1 vs. DOY 241 ± 7), and has a longer growth duration (140 d vs. 121 d). 3) The radial growth rate of xylem cells in P. koraiensis shows a positive correlation with the NSC concentration in its components, while in Q. mongolica, the correlation is negative. The dynamic changes in growth rate and organ NSC concentration during different growth periods are as follows: during the early growth period (April to May), the radial growth rate of both species increases as the NSC concentration decreases. During the peak growth period (June), the xylem growth rate of P. koraiensis increases along with the NSC concentration, while the xylem growth rate of Q. mongolica increases as the NSC concentration decreases. After the peak growth period (July to September), NSC concentrations begin to accumulate again in both species. In conclusion, this study explored the NSC concentrations in different components and the intra-annual xylem growth dynamics of two major tree species, P. koraiensis and Q. mongolica, in the Changbai Mountains region, and found that NSC plays a key role in regulating xylem growth. The research revealed the coordinated relationship between NSC concentrations and xylem growth in both species, particularly the different carbon allocation patterns during the peak growth period. These findings provide new insights into the growth and carbon allocation mechanisms of trees in this region and offer important references for predicting the response of tree growth and carbon dynamics to future climate change.

Key words: non-structural carbohydrate, microcoring, radial growth, broadleaf Korean pine forest, Changbai Mountains

王林旭, 钱尼澎, 李港墩, 刘琪璟. 红松和蒙古栎径向生长季节动态及其对非结构性碳水化合物的响应. 植物生态学报, 2026, 50(4): 947-958. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0031

WANG Lin-Xu, QIAN Ni-Peng, LI Gang-Dun, LIU Qi-Jing. Seasonal dynamics of radial growth and its responses to non-structural carbohydrates in Pinus koraiensis and Quercus mongolica. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2026, 50(4): 947-958. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0031

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2025.0031

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2026/V50/I4/947

图/表 7

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树种 Species	扩大阶段 Enlargement stage		壁增厚阶段 Wall-thickening stage		成熟阶段 Lignification stage		生长持续时间 Duration of growing season (d)
树种 Species	开始 Onset (DOY)	结束 End (DOY)	开始 Onset (DOY)	结束 End (DOY)	开始 Onset (DOY)	结束 End (DOY)	生长持续时间 Duration of growing season (d)
红松 Pinus koraiensis	120 ± 1	226 ± 3	135 ± 2	241 ± 7	148 ± 2	247 ± 3	121
蒙古栎 Quercus mongolica	112 ± 2	241 ± 1	119 ± 3	252 ± 1	126 ± 8	259 ± 4	140

树种 Species	扩大阶段 Enlargement stage		壁增厚阶段 Wall-thickening stage		成熟阶段 Lignification stage		生长持续时间 Duration of growing season (d)
树种 Species	开始 Onset (DOY)	结束 End (DOY)	开始 Onset (DOY)	结束 End (DOY)	开始 Onset (DOY)	结束 End (DOY)	生长持续时间 Duration of growing season (d)
红松 Pinus koraiensis	120 ± 1	226 ± 3	135 ± 2	241 ± 7	148 ± 2	247 ± 3	121
蒙古栎 Quercus mongolica	112 ± 2	241 ± 1	119 ± 3	252 ± 1	126 ± 8	259 ± 4	140

树种 Species	部位 Section	指标 Index	相关系数 Correlation coefficient (r)	p
红松 Pinus koraiensis	木质部 Xylem	NSC浓度 NSC concentration	0.423	0.345
		可溶性糖浓度 Soluble sugar concentration	0.320	0.484
		淀粉浓度 Starch concentration	0.376	0.406
	韧皮部 Phloem	NSC浓度 NSC concentration	0.246	0.595
		可溶性糖浓度 Soluble sugar concentration	0.495	0.259
		淀粉浓度 Starch concentration	-0.560	0.191
	枝 Branch	NSC浓度 NSC concentration	0.776	0.040
		可溶性糖浓度 Soluble sugar concentration	0.842	0.018
		淀粉浓度 Starch concentration	-0.030	0.950
	叶 Leaf	NSC浓度 NSC concentration	0.242	0.602
		可溶性糖浓度 Soluble sugar concentration	0.093	0.844
		淀粉浓度 Starch concentration	0.573	0.179
	根 Root	NSC浓度 NSC concentration	0.709	0.075
		可溶性糖浓度 Soluble sugar concentration	0.871	0.011
		淀粉浓度 Starch concentration	0.325	0.478
蒙古栎 Quercus mongolica	木质部 Xylem	NSC浓度 NSC concentration	-0.339	0.457
		可溶性糖浓度 Soluble sugar concentration	0.206	0.657
		淀粉浓度 Starch concentration	-0.373	0.410
	韧皮部 Phloem	NSC浓度 NSC concentration	-0.677	0.095
		可溶性糖浓度 Soluble sugar concentration	-0.340	0.456
		淀粉浓度 Starch concentration	-0.570	0.181
	枝 Branch	NSC浓度 NSC concentration	-0.403	0.370
		可溶性糖浓度 Soluble sugar concentration	0.289	0.530
		淀粉浓度 Starch concentration	-0.635	0.126
	叶 Leaf	NSC浓度 NSC concentration	0.339	0.457
		可溶性糖浓度 Soluble sugar concentration	0.457	0.303
		淀粉浓度 Starch concentration	-0.502	0.251
	根 Root	NSC浓度 NSC concentration	-0.143	0.760
		可溶性糖浓度 Soluble sugar concentration	-0.078	0.868
		淀粉浓度 Starch concentration	-0.758	0.048

树种 Species	部位 Section	指标 Index	相关系数 Correlation coefficient (r)	p
红松 Pinus koraiensis	木质部 Xylem	NSC浓度 NSC concentration	0.423	0.345
		可溶性糖浓度 Soluble sugar concentration	0.320	0.484
		淀粉浓度 Starch concentration	0.376	0.406
	韧皮部 Phloem	NSC浓度 NSC concentration	0.246	0.595
		可溶性糖浓度 Soluble sugar concentration	0.495	0.259
		淀粉浓度 Starch concentration	-0.560	0.191
	枝 Branch	NSC浓度 NSC concentration	0.776	0.040
		可溶性糖浓度 Soluble sugar concentration	0.842	0.018
		淀粉浓度 Starch concentration	-0.030	0.950
	叶 Leaf	NSC浓度 NSC concentration	0.242	0.602
		可溶性糖浓度 Soluble sugar concentration	0.093	0.844
		淀粉浓度 Starch concentration	0.573	0.179
	根 Root	NSC浓度 NSC concentration	0.709	0.075
		可溶性糖浓度 Soluble sugar concentration	0.871	0.011
		淀粉浓度 Starch concentration	0.325	0.478
蒙古栎 Quercus mongolica	木质部 Xylem	NSC浓度 NSC concentration	-0.339	0.457
		可溶性糖浓度 Soluble sugar concentration	0.206	0.657
		淀粉浓度 Starch concentration	-0.373	0.410
	韧皮部 Phloem	NSC浓度 NSC concentration	-0.677	0.095
		可溶性糖浓度 Soluble sugar concentration	-0.340	0.456
		淀粉浓度 Starch concentration	-0.570	0.181
	枝 Branch	NSC浓度 NSC concentration	-0.403	0.370
		可溶性糖浓度 Soluble sugar concentration	0.289	0.530
		淀粉浓度 Starch concentration	-0.635	0.126
	叶 Leaf	NSC浓度 NSC concentration	0.339	0.457
		可溶性糖浓度 Soluble sugar concentration	0.457	0.303
		淀粉浓度 Starch concentration	-0.502	0.251
	根 Root	NSC浓度 NSC concentration	-0.143	0.760
		可溶性糖浓度 Soluble sugar concentration	-0.078	0.868
		淀粉浓度 Starch concentration	-0.758	0.048