辽东栎林不同层植物沿海拔梯度分布的DCCA分析

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.03.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究北京东灵山辽东栎(Quercus liaotungensis)不同层植物的分布与环境因子之间的关系,对东灵山辽东栎林进行了植物群落学调查。沿海拔梯度在乔木层、灌木层和草本层各调查119个样方,同时调查了每个样方的环境因子如海拔、坡度和坡位。物种数据采用二元属性数据,对非数值环境因子进行赋值。对东灵山辽东栎林和各环境因子进行去趋势典范对应分析(Detrended canonical correspondence analysis, DCCA),结果表明:DCCA第一轴基本上反映了植物群落所处环境的海拔的梯度变化,第二轴基本上反映了坡位的梯度变化。同时发现辽东栎林大多数植物分布在低海拔区域。乔木层的物种分布比较均匀。草本层的物种分布重叠率是最大的,说明草本植物的生境相似性很高。低海拔区域的生物多样性要高于高海拔区域的生物多样性。结合环境因子间的相关关系和DCCA排序结果,发现海拔是影响东灵山辽东栎林物种分布的主要环境因子。

关键词: 分布, DCCA, 排序轴, 梯度

Abstract:

Aims Our objective was to study the relationship between plant species and environmental factors for different strata of a Quercus liaotungensis forest along an altitudinal gradient in Dongling Mountain, Beijing, China.

Methods We collected 119 vegetation samples separately in the tree, shrub and herb layers along an altitudinal gradient and recorded environmental factors such as altitude and slope inclination and position. We used detrended canonical correspondence analysis (DCCA; CANOCO 4.5) to determine the main environmental factors related to the distribution of plant communities.

Important findings The DCCA axis 1 reflected the gradient in altitude, while axis 2 reflected slope position. Most species occurred at lower altitude. Species in the tree layer were distributed uniformly. A big overlap in the composition of the herb layer indicated that the microenvironment for species was similar. Species diversity increased from high to low altitude. According to the correlations among environment factors and results of the DCCA ordination, the most important factor affecting species distribution in this region was altitude.

Key words: distribution, DCCA, axis, gradient

冯云, 马克明, 张育新, 祁建. 辽东栎林不同层植物沿海拔梯度分布的DCCA分析. 植物生态学报, 2008, 32(3): 568-573. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.03.005

FENG Yun, MA Ke-Ming, ZHANG Yu-Xin, QI Jian. DCCA ANALYSIS OF PLANT SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS IN DIFFERENT STRATA OF OAK (QUERCUS LIAOTUNGENSIS) FOREST ALONG AN ALTITUDINAL GRADIENT IN DONGLING MOUNTAIN, CHINA. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2008, 32(3): 568-573. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.03.005

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.03.005

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2008/V32/I3/568

图/表 4

图1 乔木层物种的DCCA排序图 1. 白蜡Fraxinus chinensis 2. 棘皮桦Betula dahurica 3. 辽东栎Quercus liaotungensis 4. 五角枫Acer mono 5. 山杏Prunus armeniaca 6. 春榆Ulmus davidiana var. japonica POS: Position of slope GRA: Gradient

Fig.1 DCCA ordination graph of tree layer species

图2 灌木层物种的DCCA排序图 1. 绒毛绣线菊Spiraea dasyantha 2. 五角枫Acer mono 3. 小花溲疏Deutzia parviflora 4. 胡枝子Lespedeza bicolor 5. 辽东栎Quercus liaotungensis 6. 白蜡Fraxinus chinensis 7. 大花溲疏Deutzia grandiflora 8. 山杏Prunus armeniaca 9. 春榆Ulmus davidiana var. japonica 10. 六道木Abelia biflora 11. 三裂绣线菊Spiraea trilobata 12. 紫椴Tilia amurensis 13. 鼠李Rhamnus davurica 14. 北京丁香Syringa pekinensis 15. 照山白Rhododendron micranthum 16. 平榛Corylus heterophylla 17. 雀儿舌头Leptopus chinensis 18. 暴马丁香Syringa reticulate 19. 悬钩子Rubus amabilis POS、GRA:见图1 See Fig.1

Fig.2 DCCA ordination graph of shrub layer species

图3 草本层物种的DCCA排序图 1. 白莲蒿Artemisia gmelinii 2. 艾蒿A. argyi 3. 北京黄芩Scutellaria pekinensis 4. 瓣蕊唐松草Thalictrum petaloideum 5. 北京柴胡Bupleurum chinense 6. 穿山龙Dioscorea nipponica 7. 翠雀Delphinium grandiflorum 8. 地榆Sanguisorba officinalis 9. 黄芩Scutellaria baicalensis 10. 大油芒Spodiopogon sibiricus 11. 牛扁Aconitum barbatum 12. 蓝花棘豆Oxytropis coeruleu 13. 针叶苔草Carex onoei 14. 苍术Atractylodes lancea 15. 阴地堇菜Viola yezoensis 16. 银背风毛菊Saussurea nivea 17. 展枝沙参Adenophora divaricata 18. 大丁草Gerbera anandria 19. 歧茎蒿Artemisia igniaria 20. 野青茅Calamagrostis arundinacea 21. 东亚唐松草Thalictrum minus 22. 猫眼草Euphorbia lunulata 23. 藜芦Veratrum nigrum 24. 小红菊 Dendranthema chanetii 25. 棉团铁线莲Clematis hexapetala 26. 石沙参Adenophora polyantha 27. 玉竹Ploygonatum odoratum 28. 三褶脉紫菀Aster ageratoides 29. 山韭Allium senescens 30. 景天三七Sedum aizoon 31. 鸢尾Iris tectorum 32. 线叶猪殃殃Galium linearifolium 33. 西伯利亚远志Polygala sibirica 34. 糖芥Erysimum bungei 35. 歪头菜Vicia unijuga 36. 岩青兰Dracocephalum rupestre 37. 小黄花菜Hemerocallis minor 38. 腺毛委陵菜Potentilla longifolia 39. 祁州漏芦Rhaponticum uniflorum POS、GRA:见图1 See Fig.1

Fig.3 DCCA ordination graph of herb layer species

表1 DCCA排序结果

Table 1 Result of DCCA ordination

	乔木层 Tree layer			灌木层 Shrub layer			草本层 Herb layer
	第一轴 Axes 1	第二轴 Axes 2		第一轴 Axes 1	第二轴 Axes 2		第一轴 Axes 1	第二轴 Axes 2
物种与环境间的相关系数 Species-environment correlations	0.836		0.590	0.929		0.605	0.909	0.682
物种与环境变化关系的累计比例 Cumulative percentage variance of species-environment relations	75.7		84.9	78.7		88.1	78.8	87.7
特征值总和 Sun of all eigenvalues	2.420			2.042			3.260
典范特征值总和 Sum of all canonical eigenvalues	0.309			0.333			0.394
排序轴显著性检验 Test of significance of all canonical axes	p=0.002			p=0.002			p=0.002

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