南亚热带10种造林树种的水力结构和水力安全

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2021.0391

植物生态学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (5): 602-612.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0391

• 研究论文 • 上一篇

南亚热带10种造林树种的水力结构和水力安全

黄冬柳¹, 项伟¹, 李忠国¹^,², 朱师丹¹^,^*()

¹广西大学亚热带农业生物资源保护与利用国家重点实验室, 广西大学林学院广西森林生态与保育重点实验室, 南宁 530004
²中国林业科学研究院热带林业实验中心, 广西凭祥 532600

收稿日期:2021-11-01 接受日期:2022-02-17 出版日期:2022-05-20 发布日期:2022-06-09
通讯作者: 朱师丹
作者简介:* (zhushidan@gxu.edu.cn) ORCID: 朱师丹: 0000-0002-9228-368X
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32060330);广西八桂青年学者项目

Hydraulic architecture and safety margin in ten afforestation species in a lower subtropical region

HUANG Dong-Liu¹, XIANG Wei¹, LI Zhong-Guo¹^,², ZHU Shi-Dan¹^,^*()

¹State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
²Experimental Center of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Pingxiang, Guangxi 532600, China

Received:2021-11-01 Accepted:2022-02-17 Online:2022-05-20 Published:2022-06-09
Contact: ZHU Shi-Dan
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32060330);Bagui Young Scholarship of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

南亚热带地区人工纯林面积大, 但是结构简单, 对气候变化响应敏感。在区域气候干旱化的背景下, 造林树种的生理生态策略及其对季节性干旱的响应亟待研究。该研究选择南亚热带地区10种造林树种(包括6种乡土种和4种外来种), 测定这些树种的平均生长速率、水力学性状以及经济学性状, 分析性状与生长速率之间的相关关系, 并比较水力安全边际和气孔安全边际的种间差异。结果发现: (1)造林树种的生长速率与木质部导水率显著正相关, 但与木材密度、比叶面积以及水力安全性指标无显著相关性。(2)造林树种的水分传导效率性和安全性之间没有权衡关系, 外来树种Acacia crassicarpa和Eucalyptus grandis × urophylla同时具有较高的木质部导水率和较强的抗栓塞能力。(3)造林树种的水力安全边际和气孔安全边际的种间差异显著, 大叶相思(Acacia auriculiformis)、红锥(Castanopsis hystrix)、壳菜果(Mytilaria laosensis)和阴香(Cinnamomum burmannii)在干季发生水力失败的风险较高。建议南亚热带人工林的生态监测指标体系中应包括树木水力学性状, 进而为人工林的可持续经营管理提供重要参考。

关键词: 导水率, 抗栓塞能力, 生长速率, 水力安全, 人工林管理

Abstract:

Aims In the lower subtropical region of China, there are large areas of single-species plantations. These plantations have simple community structure and thus are sensitive to climate change. Under the background of regional climate drying, the eco-physiological strategies of these afforestation species and their response to seasonal drought should be investigated.

Methods We selected ten tree species that are commonly planted in this region including six native species and four exotic species. Based on measurements of the mean growth rate, hydraulic traits, and economics traits, we analyzed the trait-growth correlations within each species and compared the differences in hydraulic safety margin and stomatal safety margin among species.

Important findings (1) The growth rate was significantly and positively correlated with hydraulic conductivity, but not with the economic traits, such as wood density, specific leaf area, and hydraulic safety-related traits. (2) There was no significant trade-off between hydraulic efficiency and safety. Two of the exotic tree species, Acacia crassicarpa and Eucalyptus grandis × urophylla, showed both high hydraulic conductivity and great cavitation resistance. (3) There were significant differences in hydraulic safety margin and stomatal safety margin among the tested species. During the dry season, Acacia auriculiformis, Castanopsis hystrix, Mytilaria laosensis and Cinnamomum burmannii would suffer from higher risks of hydraulic failure than the other species. We suggest that tree hydraulic traits should be included into the index system of ecological monitoring of subtropical plantations, which can provide important references for sustainable management of these plantations.

Key words: hydraulic conductivity, cavitation resistance, growth rate, hydraulic safety, plantation management

黄冬柳, 项伟, 李忠国, 朱师丹. 南亚热带10种造林树种的水力结构和水力安全. 植物生态学报, 2022, 46(5): 602-612. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0391

HUANG Dong-Liu, XIANG Wei, LI Zhong-Guo, ZHU Shi-Dan. Hydraulic architecture and safety margin in ten afforestation species in a lower subtropical region. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2022, 46(5): 602-612. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0391

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2021.0391

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2022/V46/I5/602

图/表 5

表1 南亚热带10种造林树种的基本信息

Table 1 Basic information of the ten afforestation tree species in a lower subtropical region, China

物种 Species	科 Family	缩写 Abbreviation	符号 Symbol	林龄 Stand age (a)	DGR (cm·a^-1)	HGR (m·a^-1)	MVL (cm)
大叶相思 Acacia auriculiformis	豆科 Leguminosae	Aa	◆	16	1.02	2.13	124
厚荚相思 Acacia crassicarpa	豆科 Leguminosae	Ac	■	19	1.12	0.85	136
马占相思 Acacia mangium	豆科 Leguminosae	Am	●	17	0.86	1.37	120
阴香 Cinnamomum burmannii	樟科 Lauraceae	Cb	○	30	0.50	0.44	68
红锥 Castanopsis hystrix	壳斗科 Fagaceae	Ch	◇	31	0.53	0.45	142
杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	杉科 Taxodiaceae	Cl	⊕	35	0.53	0.51	20
桉树 Eucalyptus grandis × urophylla	桃金娘科 Myrtaceae	Eg	▲	8	1.97	2.85	307
壳菜果 Mytilaria laosensis	金缕梅科 Hamamelidaceae	Ml	▽	33	0.60	0.58	85
马尾松 Pinus massoniana	松科 Pinaceae	Pm	△	31	0.63	0.94	56
木荷 Schima superba	山茶科 Theaceae	Ss	□	30	0.72	0.65	54

图1 南亚热带10种造林树种12个性状的主成分分析。物种符号同表1。Ψmidday, 中午叶片水势; Ψtlp, 失膨点水势; Dh, 导管(或管胞)水力直径; HSM50, 水力安全边际; HSMtlp, 气孔安全边际; HV, 胡伯尔值; kl, 叶片比导率; ks, 边材比导率; P50, 抗栓塞能力; SLA, 比叶面积; VD, 导管(或管胞)密度; WD, 木材密度。

Fig. 1 Principal component analysis of 12 traits for the ten afforestation species in a lower subtropical region, China. Species symbols are shown in Table 1. Ψmidday, midday leaf water potential; Ψtlp, leaf turgor loss point; Dh, hydraulically-weighted vessel (or tracheid) diameter; HSM50, hydraulic safety margin; HSMtlp, stomatal safety margin; HV, Huber value; kl, leaf specific hydraulic conductivity; ks, sapwood specific hydraulic conductivity; P50, cavitation resistance; SLA, specific leaf area; VD, vessel (or tracheid) density; WD, wood density.

图2 南亚热带10种造林树种生长速率与木质部导水率之间的相关关系。物种符号见表1。All, 所有树种; Exotic, 外来树种; Native, 乡土树种。DGR, 胸径生长速率; HGR, 株高生长速率; kl, 叶片比导率; ks, 边材比导率。误差线为标准误。ns, p > 0.05; *, p < 0.05.

Fig. 2 Relationship between growth rate and hydraulic conductivity across ten afforestation species in a lower subtropical region, China. Species symbols are shown in Table 1. All, all the tree species; Exotic, exotic tree species; Native, native tree species. DGR, diameter at breast height growth rate; HGR, height growth rate; kl, leaf specific hydraulic conductivity; ks, sapwood specific hydraulic conductivity.The error bars are standard errors. ns, p > 0.05; *, p < 0.05.

图3 南亚热带10种造林树种抗栓塞能力和边材比导率(ks)之间的相关关系。图中各物种的符号同表1。P50, 导水率丧失50%时的木质部水势。All, 所有树种; Exotic, 外来树种; Native,乡土树种。ns, p > 0.05.

Fig. 3 Relationship between cavitation resistance and sapwood specific hydraulic conductivity (ks) across ten afforestation species in a lower subtropical region, China. P50, the xylem water potential causing 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity. All, all tree species; Exotic, exotic tree species; Native, native tree species. The species symbols are shown in Table 1. ns, p > 0.05.

图4 南亚热带10种造林树种水力安全边际(HSM50)(A)与气孔安全边际(HSMtlp)(B)的种间比较以及两者之间的相关关系(C)。物种缩写和符号同表1。白色和黑色柱分别代表乡土树种和外来树种。误差线为标准误。不同小写字母表示有显著性差异(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 4 Inter-specific comparison of hydraulic safety margin (HSM50)(A) and stomatal safety margin (HSMtlp)(B), and their relationship (C) across ten afforestation species in a low subtropical region, China. Species abbreviations and symbols are shown in Table 1. The white and black bars indicate the native and exotic tree species, respectively. The error bars are standard errors. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (p < 0.05).

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南亚热带10种造林树种的水力结构和水力安全

Hydraulic architecture and safety margin in ten afforestation species in a lower subtropical region

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