Abstract: The Horqin Sandy Land is located in the agro-pastoral ecotone of northern China and is one of the sandy areas with the most favorable hydrothermal conditions among China’s ten major deserts. This region features a coexistence of farmland, grassland, and sandy ecosystems. Despite its fragile ecological environment and severe desertification issues, it is also a key corn production area in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Since the 1980s, advancements in agricultural technology have significantly improved corn yield and quality in this region. As the world’s leading cereal crop, corn production and quality remain key focal areas of agricultural research. This dataset compiles corn plant traits and yield data collected during the harvest period from 2005 to 2015 at the Naiman Desertification Research Station’s long-term agricultural observation plot, along with data on fertilizer inputs and irrigation practices. The establishment and sharing of this dataset will contribute to a deeper understanding of the dynamic changes in corn growth under global climate change in Horqin Sandy Land, providing essential scientific evidence for optimizing agricultural management strategies and improving water resource utilization in semi-arid sandy regions.

Key words: Horqin Sandy Land, farmland ecosystem, corn, long-term obserbation, dynamics