Relationship between woody plants phenology and climate factors in Xi’an, China

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.11.004

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Few studies have investigated phenological response to climate change in Western China to understand ecological responses to climate change and evaluate phenological differences on a regional scale. We analyzed spring phenological data from 34 woody plants for the past 45 years in Xi’an. Our objectives were to determine the relationships between plant phenology and air temperature change and to explore the response of spring phenophases to abrupt climate change in Xi’an.
Methods The Mann-Kendall test was used to describe the trend of temperature change and the specific point of climate change. The trends of spring phenophases were described by simple linear regression. The significance of correlation coefficients between phenophases and both temperature and precipitation were examined by t-tests.
Important findings Four spring phenophases generally showed advancement, and the characters of phenological change were consistent with climate change, even abrupt climate change. Statistically significant correlation was found between the changes of spring phenophases and the temperatures of one or several months before the phenophase onset. The mean monthly temperature of the onset month or the prior month was the key factor impacting the spring phenophase. Moreover, there was a strong correlation between leaf phenophase and monthly precipitation of one month before the phenophase onset, while the correlation between flower phenophase and precipitation is not obvious.

Key words: climate change, plant phenology, woody plants, Xi’an

BAI Jie, GE Quan-Sheng, DAI Jun-Hu, WANG Ying. Relationship between woody plants phenology and climate factors in Xi’an, China[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2010, 34(11): 1274-1282.

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2010/V34/I11/1274

Figures/Tables 7

References 26

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序号 No.	展叶始期 Leaf unfolding		展叶盛期 Full unfolding		始花期 First flowering			盛花期 Blossoming
序号 No.	趋势 Trend	显著性 Sig.	趋势 Trend	显著性 Sig.	趋势 Trend		显著性 Sig.	趋势 Trend		显著性 Sig.
1	0.176	0.087^?	0.146	0.225	-0.204	0.028^*		-0.284	0.007^**
2	-0.066	0.492	-0.115	0.258	-0.202	0.277		-0.371	0.025^*
3	0.076	0.534	0	1.000	0.127	0.266		0.074	0.544
4	-0.037	0.685	-0.047	0.617	-0.240	0.045^*		-0.282	0.003^**
5	-0.108	0.465	0.018	0.912	-0.379	0.002^**		-0.417	0.001^**
6	-0.022	0.849	-0.051	0.704	-0.395	0^**		-0.452	0^**
7	0.099	0.339	0.072	0.554	-0.477	0^**		-0.498	0.007^**
8	-0.061	0.604	-0.122	0.360	-0.115	0.295		-0.149	0.207
9	0.136	0.216	0.090	0.458	-0.671	0.001^**		-0.580	0.005^**
10	0.184	0.132	0.203	0.082^?	0.299	0.084^?		0.246	0.094^?
11	-0.136	0.221	-0.099	0.446	-0.425	0.001^**		-0.458	0.003^**
12	-0.261	0.005^**	-0.304	0.001^**	-0.152	0.417		-0.244	0.254
13	0.044	0.576	0.038	0.662	-0.139	0.241		-0.186	0.111
14	0.027	0.781	0.068	0.496	-0.077	0.359		-0.141	0.116
15	-0.158	0.386	-0.012	0.941	0.014	0.927		-0.007	0.966
16	-0.173	0.015^*	-0.219	0.009^**	-0.570	0.069^?		-0.687	0.031^*
17	-0.183	0.098^?	-0.216	0.055^?	-0.100	0.551		-0.276	0.078^?
18	0.028	0.855	0.056	0.739	-0.475	0.018*		-0.521	0.014^*
19	0.008	0.940	0.016	0.897	-0.005	0.965		-0.081	0.45
20	0.096	0.370	-0.049	0.654	-0.128	0.167		-0.149	0.088^?
21	0.086	0.407	0.086	0.435	-0.194	0.210		-0.238	0.14
22	-0.060	0.504	-0.080	0.375	-0.160	0.065^?		-0.235	0.012^*
23	0.052	0.734	0.030	0.869	0.065	0.610		0.069	0.601
24	-0.021	0.849	0.003	0.979	-0.118	0.301		-0.129	0.204
25	-0.009	0.957	-0.085	0.498	-0.216	0.139		-0.285	0.055^?
26	0.093	0.447	0.347	0.035^*	0.029	0.757		-0.107	0.285
27	-0.124	0.349	-0.194	0.153	-0.128	0.458		-0.170	0.326
28	-0.130	0.104	-0.086	0.297	-0.175	0.055^?		-0.217	0.024^*
29	-0.201	0.044^*	-0.205	0.052^?	-0.087	0.447		-0.095	0.391
30	0.381	0.003^**	0.175	0.218	-0.186	0.316		-0.520	0^**
31	-0.118	0.316	-0.146	0.194	-0.200	0.009^**		-0.250	0.002^**
32	-0.005	0.952	-0.021	0.836	-0.158	0.116		-0.186	0.077^?
33	-0.287	0.002^**	-0.323	0.001^**	-0.350	0.001^**		-0.431	0^**
34	-0.096	0.223	-0.047	0.620	-0.570	0.056^?		-0.773	0.031^*

序号 No.	展叶始期 Leaf unfolding		展叶盛期 Full unfolding		始花期 First flowering			盛花期 Blossoming
序号 No.	趋势 Trend	显著性 Sig.	趋势 Trend	显著性 Sig.	趋势 Trend		显著性 Sig.	趋势 Trend		显著性 Sig.
1	0.176	0.087^?	0.146	0.225	-0.204	0.028^*		-0.284	0.007^**
2	-0.066	0.492	-0.115	0.258	-0.202	0.277		-0.371	0.025^*
3	0.076	0.534	0	1.000	0.127	0.266		0.074	0.544
4	-0.037	0.685	-0.047	0.617	-0.240	0.045^*		-0.282	0.003^**
5	-0.108	0.465	0.018	0.912	-0.379	0.002^**		-0.417	0.001^**
6	-0.022	0.849	-0.051	0.704	-0.395	0^**		-0.452	0^**
7	0.099	0.339	0.072	0.554	-0.477	0^**		-0.498	0.007^**
8	-0.061	0.604	-0.122	0.360	-0.115	0.295		-0.149	0.207
9	0.136	0.216	0.090	0.458	-0.671	0.001^**		-0.580	0.005^**
10	0.184	0.132	0.203	0.082^?	0.299	0.084^?		0.246	0.094^?
11	-0.136	0.221	-0.099	0.446	-0.425	0.001^**		-0.458	0.003^**
12	-0.261	0.005^**	-0.304	0.001^**	-0.152	0.417		-0.244	0.254
13	0.044	0.576	0.038	0.662	-0.139	0.241		-0.186	0.111
14	0.027	0.781	0.068	0.496	-0.077	0.359		-0.141	0.116
15	-0.158	0.386	-0.012	0.941	0.014	0.927		-0.007	0.966
16	-0.173	0.015^*	-0.219	0.009^**	-0.570	0.069^?		-0.687	0.031^*
17	-0.183	0.098^?	-0.216	0.055^?	-0.100	0.551		-0.276	0.078^?
18	0.028	0.855	0.056	0.739	-0.475	0.018*		-0.521	0.014^*
19	0.008	0.940	0.016	0.897	-0.005	0.965		-0.081	0.45
20	0.096	0.370	-0.049	0.654	-0.128	0.167		-0.149	0.088^?
21	0.086	0.407	0.086	0.435	-0.194	0.210		-0.238	0.14
22	-0.060	0.504	-0.080	0.375	-0.160	0.065^?		-0.235	0.012^*
23	0.052	0.734	0.030	0.869	0.065	0.610		0.069	0.601
24	-0.021	0.849	0.003	0.979	-0.118	0.301		-0.129	0.204
25	-0.009	0.957	-0.085	0.498	-0.216	0.139		-0.285	0.055^?
26	0.093	0.447	0.347	0.035^*	0.029	0.757		-0.107	0.285
27	-0.124	0.349	-0.194	0.153	-0.128	0.458		-0.170	0.326
28	-0.130	0.104	-0.086	0.297	-0.175	0.055^?		-0.217	0.024^*
29	-0.201	0.044^*	-0.205	0.052^?	-0.087	0.447		-0.095	0.391
30	0.381	0.003^**	0.175	0.218	-0.186	0.316		-0.520	0^**
31	-0.118	0.316	-0.146	0.194	-0.200	0.009^**		-0.250	0.002^**
32	-0.005	0.952	-0.021	0.836	-0.158	0.116		-0.186	0.077^?
33	-0.287	0.002^**	-0.323	0.001^**	-0.350	0.001^**		-0.431	0^**
34	-0.096	0.223	-0.047	0.620	-0.570	0.056^?		-0.773	0.031^*

物候期 Phenophase	1990-2007比1963-1989 1990-2007 vs 1963-1989			1995-2007比1963-1994 1995-2007 vs 1963-1994
物候期 Phenophase	提前个数 (百分比) No. of advance (%)	平均值 Mean	标准误差 SE	提前个数 (百分比) No. of advance (%)	平均值 Mean	标准误差 SE
展叶始期 Leaf unfolding	16 (47)	0.17	0.51	27 (79)	-1.81	0.67
展叶盛期 Full unfolding	12 (35)	1.07	0.53	25 (74)	-1.35	0.66
始花期 First flowering	29 (85)	-3.52	0.74	30 (88)	-6.36	0.88
盛花期 Blossoming	29 (85)	-4.05	0.76	31 (91)	-7.82	0.85

物候期 Phenophase	1990-2007比1963-1989 1990-2007 vs 1963-1989			1995-2007比1963-1994 1995-2007 vs 1963-1994
物候期 Phenophase	提前个数 (百分比) No. of advance (%)	平均值 Mean	标准误差 SE	提前个数 (百分比) No. of advance (%)	平均值 Mean	标准误差 SE
展叶始期 Leaf unfolding	16 (47)	0.17	0.51	27 (79)	-1.81	0.67
展叶盛期 Full unfolding	12 (35)	1.07	0.53	25 (74)	-1.35	0.66
始花期 First flowering	29 (85)	-3.52	0.74	30 (88)	-6.36	0.88
盛花期 Blossoming	29 (85)	-4.05	0.76	31 (91)	-7.82	0.85

物候期 Phenophase	月份 Month	r2/n2	s2	r1/n1	s1	r/n	s
展叶始期 Leaf unfolding	3月(8) Mar. (8)	-	-	-0.56/5	-2.40	-0.56/8	-2.80
展叶始期 Leaf unfolding	4月(26) Apr. (26)	-0.48/5	-1.76	-0.6/24	-2.45	-0.48/11	-1.79
展叶盛期 Full unfolding	3月(6) Mar. (6)	-	-	-0.49/5	-2.12	-0.59/6	-2.96
	4月(26) Apr. (26)	-0.45/5	-1.76	-0.58/24	-2.54	-0.49/11	-1.98
	5月(2) May (2)	-	-	-	-	-	-
始花期 First flowering	2月(1) Feb. (1)	-	-	-0.54/1	-4.22	-0.78/1	-4.41
	3月(8) Mar. (8)	-0.41/2	-2.33	-0.62/7	-2.63	-0.60/7	-2.85
	4月(14) Apr. (14)	-0.48/7	-1.66	-0.68/14	-2.68	-0.58/11	-2.15
	5月(4) May (4)	-0.58/2	-2.93	-0.72/3	-3.73	-0.53/4	-2.92
	6月(3) Jun. (3)	-0.78/1	-4.4	-0.81/2	-4.40	-0.52/2	-3.31
	7月(3) Jul. (3)	-0.56/3	-5.91	-0.66/1	-3.97
	8月(1) Aug. (1)	-	-	-	-	-	-
盛花期 Blossoming	3月(8) Mar. (8)	-0.50/2	-3.53	-0.66/6	-3.10	-0.58/7	-2.92
	4月(15) Apr. (15)	-0.49/10	-1.83	-0.69/15	-2.87	-0.62/14	-2.37
	5月(3) May (3)	-0.54/3	-3.16	-0.78/3	-4.27	-0.62/3	-3.33
	6月(4) Jun. (4)	-0.68/2	-4.28	-0.71/3	-5.04	-0.46/1	-4.46
	7月(3) Jul. (3)	-0.68/3	-5.54	-0.48/1	-5.92
	9月(1) Sept. (1)	-	-	-	-	-	-