Morphological changes of phytoliths in Leymus chinensis under saline-alkali stress

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.01148

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Our objective is to study changes of phytoliths in Leymus chinensis quantitatively under saline-alkali stress to assist reconstruction of saline paleoenvironments.
Methods We selected similarly sized leaves ofL. chinensis under six different saline-alkali levels and extracted phytoliths with the wet ashing method.
Important findings We identified and named 10 categories and 3 387 phytoliths: flat-topped rondel, peaked rondel, barbed rondel, smooth elongate, sinus elongate, horn-ends elongate, pointed, plate, favose and other types. With increased salt concentration, rondel, elongate, pointed, plate and favose changed. The percentage of rondel increased in all groups. The same type of phytolith had differences in morphology and percentage among groups. All types of phytoliths increased in size with saline-alkali stress.

Key words: Leymus chinensis, paleoenvironment, phytolith, saline-alkali stress, Songnen Grassland

GENG Yun-Xia, LI Yi-Ling, ZHU Sha, ZHU Jing-Jing, JIANG Jun-Cheng, NIU Hong-Hao, JIE Dong-Mei. Morphological changes of phytoliths in Leymus chinensis under saline-alkali stress[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2011, 35(11): 1148-1155.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.01148

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2011/V35/I11/1148

Figures/Tables 6

References 31

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样地 Sampling site	1	2	3	4	5	6
pH	10.39 ± 0.3	10.39 ± 0.3	10.39 ± 0.3	10.42 ± 0.4	10.53 ± 0.3	10.52 ± 0.3
电导率 Electric conductivity (μs·cm^-1)	7 850 ± 25	7 850 ± 30	6 100 ± 18	4 550 ± 15	2 850 ± 15	1 570 ± 10

样地 Sampling site	1	2	3	4	5	6
pH	10.39 ± 0.3	10.39 ± 0.3	10.39 ± 0.3	10.42 ± 0.4	10.53 ± 0.3	10.52 ± 0.3
电导率 Electric conductivity (μs·cm^-1)	7 850 ± 25	7 850 ± 30	6 100 ± 18	4 550 ± 15	2 850 ± 15	1 570 ± 10

类型 Type	1	2	3	4	5	6
帽型 Rondel	54.6	65.5	71.6	67.2	68.3	74.8
平顶帽型 Rondel flat	29.6	34.4	36.9	35.8	29.8	38.1
尖顶帽型 Rondel ridge	23.8	29.0	33.3	29.7	37.1	35.8
刺帽型 Rondel echinate	1.1	2.1	1.7	1.7	1.5	0.9
棒型 Elongate	18.3	7.3	10.2	10.3	6.5	9.1
光滑棒型 Elongate smooth	7.6	2.2	3.3	4.3	3.9	4.2
刺棒型 Elongate echinate	10.7	4.7	5.7	5.8	2.3	4.7
似牛角棒型 Elongate horn-ends	0.0	0.3	1.1	0.2	0.3	0.2
尖型 Point	13.6	19.6	9.0	11.0	14.3	8.4
板型 Tabular	1.8	1.6	1.1	0.4	1.5	1.6
蜂窝状 Favose	2.1	1.1	1.7	0.4	0.7	1.1
其他 Others	9.6	5.0	6.5	10.6	8.7	5.1
百分含量 Percentage	100	100	100	100	100	100
总数 Total	449	634	542	464	726	572

类型 Type	1	2	3	4	5	6
帽型 Rondel	54.6	65.5	71.6	67.2	68.3	74.8
平顶帽型 Rondel flat	29.6	34.4	36.9	35.8	29.8	38.1
尖顶帽型 Rondel ridge	23.8	29.0	33.3	29.7	37.1	35.8
刺帽型 Rondel echinate	1.1	2.1	1.7	1.7	1.5	0.9
棒型 Elongate	18.3	7.3	10.2	10.3	6.5	9.1
光滑棒型 Elongate smooth	7.6	2.2	3.3	4.3	3.9	4.2
刺棒型 Elongate echinate	10.7	4.7	5.7	5.8	2.3	4.7
似牛角棒型 Elongate horn-ends	0.0	0.3	1.1	0.2	0.3	0.2
尖型 Point	13.6	19.6	9.0	11.0	14.3	8.4
板型 Tabular	1.8	1.6	1.1	0.4	1.5	1.6
蜂窝状 Favose	2.1	1.1	1.7	0.4	0.7	1.1
其他 Others	9.6	5.0	6.5	10.6	8.7	5.1
百分含量 Percentage	100	100	100	100	100	100
总数 Total	449	634	542	464	726	572

类型 Type	样品Sample	a (μm) 平均值±标准误差 Mean ±SD	值域 Range	b (μm) 平均值±标准误差 Mean ±SD	值域 Range	c(μm) 平均值±标准误差 Mean ± SD	值域 Range
帽型 Rondel 平顶帽型 Rondel flat 尖顶帽型 Rondel ridge 刺帽型 Rondel echinate	1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6	14.7 ± 3.3 14.6 ± 2.8 14.5 ± 2.5 14.9 ± 2.9 13.7 ± 2.9 12.8 ± 2.7 12.8 ± 2.3 11.8 ± 1.0 14.2 ± 2.2 13.8 ± 2.5 12.2 ± 2.2 11.9 ± 2.1 13.8 ± 2.3 14.1 ± 2.6 15.4 ± 2.7 15.4 ± 3.4 14.4 ± 5.2 12.7 ± 3.5	7.2-33.6 8.1-24.3 9.7-24.9 8.6-25.8 9.5-24.5 8.1-25.4 8.3-19.9 8.5-18.1 9.2-21.3 8.5-24.4 7.4-26.5 8.6-19.9 12.5-17.5 9.8-18.2 11-19.9 6-16.4 9.1-26.5 9.2-18.4	10.7 ± 3.3 9.7 ± 2.9 10.7 ± 3.0 11.2 ± 3.1 10.1 ± 2.8 10.1 ± 2.6 9.9 ± 2.3 9.3 ± 1.7 11.0 ± 2.2 10.7 ± 2.3 9.7 ± 2.5 10.2 ± 2.3 7.6 ± 1.2 7.3 ± 0.9 9.4 ± 1.7 8.2 ± 2.2 7.4 ± 2.1 9.5 ± 4.1	2.7-24.8 3.6-18.0 3.0-20.2 3.3-22.9 4.8-18.3 4.2-21.7 4.0-16.9 4.5-14.5 3.5-17.7 3.7-18.0 3.8-26.6 4.5-16.7 5.6-7.8 5.4-9.2 8.3-13.4 5.4-10.9 4.6-12.0 6.3-15.3	7.2 ± 2.7 6.3 ± 1.8 7.3 ± 2.1 7.4 ± 2.3 6.7 ± 2.4 6.3 ± 2.2 8.2 ± 2.3 8.5 ± 2.1 8.9 ± 1.8 7.5 ± 2.4 7.7 ± 1.9 8.4 ± 2.3	2.0-14.0 2.3-12.6 2.7-11.8 3.2-13.1 1.9-13.8 2.2-13.3 1.9-13.9 4.2-14.2 5.3-13.7 4.5-14.2 2.7-12.4 3.2-14.8
棒型 Elongate 光滑棒型 Elongate smooth 刺棒型 Elongate echinate	1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6	51.1 ± 24.6 60.4 ± 30.9 82.8 ± 45.7 70.2 ± 24.3 34.9 ± 36.9 98.3 ± 46.6 50.7 ± 17.2 75.7 ± 28.9 86.2 ± 35.1 48.5 ± 38.8 72.5 ± 38.3 106.8 ± 33.2	15.7-96.4 28.8-120.6 22.3-178.4 26.6-98.9 9.6-165.6 35.2-175.8 28.8-87.0 50.7-129.0 42.6-119.8 28.9-170.7 30.0-152.0 42.4-156.1	7.5 ± 3.3 9.4 ± 5.6 10.4 ± 5.4 10.5 ± 6.1 5.0 ± 4.5 7.0 ± 5.6 12.0 ± 3.5 13.6 ± 3.4 10.7 ± 4.2 10.1 ± 5.1 14.3 ± 4.3 9.8 ± 7.6	4.5-16.2 6.1-23.0 4.7-19.6 3.5-23.1 2.9-20.7 3.2-25.1 4.6-19.2 8.7-18.6 4.8-24.3 4.5-22.0 10.3-27.8 4.9-14.2
尖型 Point	1 2 3 4 5 6	16.5 ± 14.2 20.1 ± 13.8 21.9 ± 11.7 17.9 ± 11.5 12.7 ± 7.3 20.5 ± 9.6	6.0-79.1 6.3-62.7 7.5-61.1 7.5-60.7 4.2-52.47 9.2-48.9	10.0 ± 4.5 11.4 ± 7.5 12.4 ± 4.4 9.4 ± 5.3 7.2 ± 4.6 11.2 ± 6.6	4.3-23.1 3.6-55.8 4.5-23.7 3.9-27.8 3.0-39.2 5.4-36.5
板型 Tabular	1 2 3 4 5 6	24.0 ± 14.7 21.2 ± 7.0 27.5 ± 23.0 23.9 ± 5.2 21.3 ± 10.6 21.9 ± 11.3	12.6-53.7 10.5-35.7 14.6-78.3 20.2-27.6 13.6-45.9 14.0-44.3	13.2 ± 5.3 11.2 ± 6.4 15.8 ± 7.7 13.2 ± 0.4 13.1 ± 5.1 15.1 ± 7.3	8.0-25.2 7.6-24.8 10.4-30.5 12.9-13.5 7.4-24.8 8.6-32.6
蜂窝 Favose	1 2 3 4 5 6	26.6 ± 6.7 33.6 ± 7.5 31.7 ± 23.4 29.3 ± 4.5 32.3 ± 4.3 45.8 ± 8.1	18.8-36.5 31.0-45.1 20.6-72.0 26.1-32.4 26.1-32.4 37.5-60.3	17.0 ± 6.4 23.5 ± 3.6 20.0 ± 4.0 23.0 ± 1.2 23.6 ± 3.4 28.0 ± 8.9	13.3-27.9 21.3-28.3 14.6-23.5 22.1-23.8 16.3-24.7 25.3-45.2