Effects of 3,4-dihydroxy acetophenone stress on changes in the content of endogenous plant hormones during seed germination in Picea schrenkiana ssp. tianschanica

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00114

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Picea schrenkiana ssp. tianschanica is a major tree species in forest ecosystems in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, West China, and plays an important role in the regional water conservation. 3,4-dihydroxy acetophenone (DHAP) is a principal autotoxic substance occurring in foliage and litter of P. schrenkiana ssp. tianschanica that causes suppressed natural regeneration in P. schrenkiana ssp. tianschanica forests. The objectives of this study were to investigate changes in the content of endogenous plant hormones during seed germination in P. schrenkiana ssp. tianschanica as affected by DHAP, and to elucidate the underlying physiological mechanisms in the autotoxic effects.
Methods We investigated the inter-relationships among DHAP treatment, seed germination, and changes in the concentration of endogenous plant hormones by measuring the contents of zeatin (ZT), gibberellin (GA₃), indole-acetic acid (IAA), and abscisic acid (ABA) during germination process in P. schrenkiana ssp. tianschanica seeds with or without DHAP treatment. The concentrations of plant hormones in germinating seeds were measured with the method of ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC).
Important findings Results showed that the impact of DHAP on seed germination in P. schrenkiana ssp. tianschanica depended on treatment concentrations, in the order of 5.0 mmol·L^-1 > 0.1 mmol·L^-1 > 1.0 mmol·L^-1 > control; treatments with DHAP reduced the concentrations of ZT and GA₃, delayed the peak occurrence of GA₃, and increased the concentration of ABA with a delayed peak occurrence under treatments of 1.0 and 5.0 mmol·L^-1 DHAP. Treatment with 5.0 mmol·L^-1 DHAP for 3-6 days greatly increased the level of IAA. 1-6 days of treatments with DHAP reduced the ZT/(GA₃ + IAA) ratio, and increased the IAA/ZT ratio and ABA/ZT ratio; the ABA/(ZT + GA₃ + IAA) ratio increased at 0.1 mmol·L^-1 DHAP and decreased at 5.0 mmol·L^-1 DHAP. It is suggested that DHAP treatment causes changes in the content and balance of endogenous plant hormones, leading to inhibition or delaying in seed germination in P. schrenkiana ssp. tianschanica.

Key words: 3,4-dihydroxy acetophenone (DHAP), endogenous plant hormone, Picea schrenkiana ssp. tianschanina, seed germination, ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)

CHEN Zhi-Ying, RUAN Xiao, ZHANG Yu-Zhu, PAN Cun-De, WANG Qiang. Effects of 3,4-dihydroxy acetophenone stress on changes in the content of endogenous plant hormones during seed germination in Picea schrenkiana ssp. tianschanica[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2013, 37(12): 1114-1122.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00114

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2013/V37/I12/1114

Figures/Tables 4

Fig. 1 Chromatogram of four plant hormones and 3,4-dihydroxy acetophenone (DHAP) by ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). A, Standard chromatogram. B, Sample chromatogram. ABA, abscisic acid; GA3, gibberellin; IAA, indoleacetic acid; ZT, zeatin.

Fig. 2 Effects of 3,4-dihydroxy acetophenone (DHAP) on seed germination in Picea schrenkiana ssp. tianschanica. Germination vigor was assessed on the 7th day following treatment with DHAP (mean ± SD, n = 3). Different lower-case letters indicate significant differences among DHAP concentrations at the same treatment time (p < 0.05).

Fig. 3 Effects of 3,4-dihydroxy acetophenone (DHAP) on the concentration of endogenous plant hormones during seed germination in Picea schrenkiana ssp. tianschanica (mean ± SD, n = 3). A, Zeatin (ZT). B, Gibberellin (GA3). C, Indoleacetic acid (IAA). D, Abscisic acid (ABA).

Fig. 4 Effects of 3,4-dihydroxy acetophenone (DHAP) on the ratio among the endogenous plant hormones zeatin (ZT), gibberellin (GA3), indoleacetic acid (IAA), and abscisic acid (ABA) during seed germination of Picea schrenkiana ssp. tianschanica (mean ± SD, n = 3).

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