Impact of prescribed burning on biodiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality of Pinus koraiensis plantation

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0035

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Biodiversity plays an important role in regulating ecosystem functioning. Fire is an important ecological factor in forest ecosystems, and can significantly affects both above- and below-ground biodiversity, as well as ecosystem functions. However, how biodiversity affects ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF) after prescribed burning, such as forest biomass accumulation and nutrient availability, is still less understood.
Methods In this study, we investigated Pinus koraiensis plantations in Hongqi Forestry Farm, Hegang, Heilongjiang, four years after the prescribed burning was conducted in 2018 (when the forest environment has stabilized). We used structural equation modeling to assess the relationships of understory plant diversity (species and functional diversity, efficiency and quantity traits) and soil microbial diversity (fungi and bacteria) with EMF.
Important findings We found that prescribed burning increased both understory plant diversity and EMF. Out of various above and belowground diversity metrics, Trait_quantity (i.e., total leaf nitrogen per unit area) and functional diversity (i.e., functional dispersion (FDis) based on leaf dry matter content) were significantly and positively correlated with EMF, while the effect of belowground microbial diversity on EMF was not significant. The prescribed burning explained the highest proportion of variations in EMF (33.7%), followed by Trait_quantity (27.5%) and functional diversity (13.9%). The results suggest that in P. koraiensis plantations, enhancing nutrient accumulation and trait diversity in the understory layer is an effective strategy to improve EMF after prescribed burning. Meanwhile, in forest management in the context of global change, prescribed burning is not only an effective way to reduce forest fire risks, but may also play a positive role in maintaining understory biodiversity and EMF.

Key words: understory plant diversity, soil microbial diversity, selection effect, niche complementarity, quantity trait

LI Dong-Mei, SUN Long, HAN Yu, HU Tong-Xin, YANG Guang, CAI Hui-Ying. Impact of prescribed burning on biodiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality of Pinus koraiensis plantation[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2025, 49(3): 379-392.

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References 66

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处理 Treatment	海拔 Altitude (m)	坡度 Slope (°)	林龄 Forest age (a)	平均树高 Mean tree height (m)	平均胸径 Mean diameter at breast height (cm)
计划火烧样地 Prescribed burning plot	215.0	19.0	59	10.5	26.5
对照样地 Control plot	219.1	21.0	58	11.2	26.2

处理 Treatment	海拔 Altitude (m)	坡度 Slope (°)	林龄 Forest age (a)	平均树高 Mean tree height (m)	平均胸径 Mean diameter at breast height (cm)
计划火烧样地 Prescribed burning plot	215.0	19.0	59	10.5	26.5
对照样地 Control plot	219.1	21.0	58	11.2	26.2

路径序数 Pathway No.	假设路径 Hypothesized pathway	生态机制 Ecological mechanism
1	计划火烧→生态系统多功能性 Prescribed burning→ecosystem multifunctionality	计划火烧影响森林生态系统的养分循环和能量流动, 改变林内生物的生存环境, 影响森林生态系统多功能性 Prescribed burning affects the nutrient cycling and energy flow in forest ecosystems, alters the within forest environment, and affects the multifunctionality of forest ecosystems
2, 3, 5	计划火烧→数量性状、效率性状、功能/物种多样性 Prescribed burning→Trait_quantity, Trait_efficiency, functional/species diversity	计划火烧改变植物的生存环境, 进而影响物种组成、功能多样性、植物数量性状和效率性状 Prescribed burning alters plant habitat, which in turn affects species composition, functional diversity, plant Trait_quantity and Trait_efficiency
4	计划火烧→土壤微生物多样性 Prescribed burning→soil microbial diversity	计划火烧改变土壤微生物群落的组成和结构, 影响土壤微生物多样性 Prescribed burning alters the composition and structure of soil microbial communities and affects soil microbial diversity
6, 7, 8	数量性状、效率性状、功能/物种多样性→土壤微生物多样性 Trait_quantity, Trait_efficiency, functional/species diversity→soil microbial diversity	植物属性(即数量性状、效率性状、功能多样性和物种多样性)可决定土壤微生物群落的多样性 Plant attributes (i.e., Trait_quantity, Trait_efficiency, functional diversity and species diversity) can affect the diversity of soil microbial communities
9	数量性状→生态系统多功能性 Trait_quantity→ecosystem multifunctionality	单位土地面积的功能性状可以有效预测森林生态系统多功能性 Functional traits per unit area can be an effective predictor of forest ecosystem multifunctionality
10	效率性状→生态系统多功能性 Trait_efficiency→ecosystem multifunctionality	根据选择效应, 群落加权功能性状可以促进森林生态系统多功能性 Community weighted functional traits can promote multifunctionality of forest ecosystems through selection effects
11	土壤微生物多样性→生态系统多功能性 Soil microbial diversity→ecosystem multifunctionality	土壤微生物多样性和土壤群落组成影响森林生态系统的多功能性 Soil microbial diversity and soil community composition affect the multifunctionality of forest ecosystems
12	功能多样性/物种多样性→生态系统多功能性 Functional/species diversity→ecosystem multifunctionality	植物功能多样性和物种多样性通过生态位互补效应促进森林生态系统多功能性 Plant functional diversity and species diversity promote multifunctionality of forest ecosystems through niche complementary effects

路径序数 Pathway No.	假设路径 Hypothesized pathway	生态机制 Ecological mechanism
1	计划火烧→生态系统多功能性 Prescribed burning→ecosystem multifunctionality	计划火烧影响森林生态系统的养分循环和能量流动, 改变林内生物的生存环境, 影响森林生态系统多功能性 Prescribed burning affects the nutrient cycling and energy flow in forest ecosystems, alters the within forest environment, and affects the multifunctionality of forest ecosystems
2, 3, 5	计划火烧→数量性状、效率性状、功能/物种多样性 Prescribed burning→Trait_quantity, Trait_efficiency, functional/species diversity	计划火烧改变植物的生存环境, 进而影响物种组成、功能多样性、植物数量性状和效率性状 Prescribed burning alters plant habitat, which in turn affects species composition, functional diversity, plant Trait_quantity and Trait_efficiency
4	计划火烧→土壤微生物多样性 Prescribed burning→soil microbial diversity	计划火烧改变土壤微生物群落的组成和结构, 影响土壤微生物多样性 Prescribed burning alters the composition and structure of soil microbial communities and affects soil microbial diversity
6, 7, 8	数量性状、效率性状、功能/物种多样性→土壤微生物多样性 Trait_quantity, Trait_efficiency, functional/species diversity→soil microbial diversity	植物属性(即数量性状、效率性状、功能多样性和物种多样性)可决定土壤微生物群落的多样性 Plant attributes (i.e., Trait_quantity, Trait_efficiency, functional diversity and species diversity) can affect the diversity of soil microbial communities
9	数量性状→生态系统多功能性 Trait_quantity→ecosystem multifunctionality	单位土地面积的功能性状可以有效预测森林生态系统多功能性 Functional traits per unit area can be an effective predictor of forest ecosystem multifunctionality
10	效率性状→生态系统多功能性 Trait_efficiency→ecosystem multifunctionality	根据选择效应, 群落加权功能性状可以促进森林生态系统多功能性 Community weighted functional traits can promote multifunctionality of forest ecosystems through selection effects
11	土壤微生物多样性→生态系统多功能性 Soil microbial diversity→ecosystem multifunctionality	土壤微生物多样性和土壤群落组成影响森林生态系统的多功能性 Soil microbial diversity and soil community composition affect the multifunctionality of forest ecosystems
12	功能多样性/物种多样性→生态系统多功能性 Functional/species diversity→ecosystem multifunctionality	植物功能多样性和物种多样性通过生态位互补效应促进森林生态系统多功能性 Plant functional diversity and species diversity promote multifunctionality of forest ecosystems through niche complementary effects

生态系统功能 Ecosystem function	单位 Unit	对照样地 Control plot	计划火烧样地 Prescribed burning plot
生态系统多功能性 EMF	-	0.55 ± 0.06^b	0.74 ± 0.11^a
林下植被生物量 Understory biomass	g∙m^-2	12.05 ± 4.08^b	22.52 ± 8.15^a
凋落物生物量 Litter mass	g∙m^-2	198.93 ± 30.91^b	271.38 ± 71.99^a
土壤碳储量 Soil carbon storage	g∙m^-2	0.27 ± 0.04^a	0.32 ± 0.06^a
土壤铵态氮含量 Soil NH₄⁺-N content	mg∙kg^-1	16.85 ± 3.83^a	17.63 ± 3.46^a
土壤硝态氮含量 Soil NO₃^--N content	mg∙kg^-1	2.50 ± 0.78^b	3.84 ± 0.61^a