Nitrogen and phosphorus resorption characteristics and adaptive strategies of typical emergent plants in lakeshore zone of Dianchi Lake, China

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2025.0042

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Leaf nutrient resorption is an important mechanism for plants to adapt to nutrient limitation or extreme environments. However, the nutrient resorption characteristics and ecological strategies of wetland emergent plants in adapting to specific environments remain unclear.

Methods This study focuses on 12 typical emergent plant species from the lakeshore zone of Dianchi Lake, with 471 plant samples collected from mature and senescent leaves during the mature and senescent phases. The aboveground biomass of plants in 70 sampling plots was also investigated. Based on the measurement of leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contents, the changes in nutrient resorption efficiency and stoichiometric ratios of different emergent plants were studied to reveal their intrinsic mechanisms.

Important findings (1) The resorption efficiencies of N and P differed significantly among all plant species. Zizania latifolia and Iris pseudacorus exhibited the highest N and P resorption efficiencies (66.17% and 56.22%, respectively), while Typha orientalis and Cyperus involucratus showed the lowest (46.13% and 42.78%, respectively). (2) The mean leaf N:P of typical emergent plants was 11.42 (<14), and the resorption efficiency ratio (NRE:PRE) was 1.25 (significantly greater than 1), indicating that the emergent plants along the Dianchi Lake shore are overall limited by N. Under these conditions, the N resorption efficiency (56.43%) of the emergent plants was higher than the P resorption efficiency (49.62%), further highlighting the plants’ preferential absorption of N, which is more limiting. (3) Compared with other plants, Arundo donax var. versicolor exhibited the strongest accumulation capacity for N and P (399.67 and 49.32 g·m^-2, respectively) and the highest removal potential (61.19 and 8.63 g·m^-2, respectively). Furthermore, the aboveground biomass, N and P contents, and nutrient resorption extent of emergent plants collectively determined the harvesting management strategy, which in turn affected the N and P removal efficiency of wetland plants. (4) In the nutrient resorption process of typical emergent plants, three strategies coexist: nutrient concentration control, nutrient limitation control, and stoichiometric control, with stoichiometric control being the dominant strategies. These findings reveal the characteristics and ecological strategies of nutrient resorption, nutrient accumulation, and biomass removal in typical emergent plants of the Dianchi lakeshore zone, providing important references for harvest management of emergent plants based on nutrient blocking techniques.

Key words: emergent plant, nutrient resorption, resorption strategy, stoichiometry, eutrophication

CHEN Xin-Rui, SONG Wei-Feng, WANG Yi, WANG Hao, SUN Shi-Yao, WANG Cai-Jiang, CAI Shi-Peng, REN Hong, HE Yu-Tao, PAN Min, CAO Guang-Xiu, YAN Yi, XIE Zhi-Yong, WANG Hang. Nitrogen and phosphorus resorption characteristics and adaptive strategies of typical emergent plants in lakeshore zone of Dianchi Lake, China[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2026, 50(4): 971-986.

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References 71

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植物 Plant species	科名 Family	株高 Plant height (cm)	基径 Basal diameter (mm)	地上生物量 Aboveground biomass (g∙m^-2)
香蒲 Typha orientalis	香蒲科 Typhaceae	254.62-375.21	25.68-61.92	2 828.30-9 980.83
菰 Zizania latifolia	禾本科 Gramineae	155.57-262.02	3.97-20.73	1 663.23-2 818.16
芦苇 Phragmites australis	禾本科 Gramineae	134.16-399.54	6.13-13.87	2 232.89-3 783.13
水葱 Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani	莎草科 Cyperaceae	95.96-186.03	4.42-11.63	1 099.35-2 679.47
黄菖蒲 Iris pseudacorus	鸢尾科 Iridaceae	55.03-197.62	15.58-41.49	934.42-1 811.25
芒 Miscanthus sinensis	禾本科 Gramineae	137.41-338.04	5.63-18.26	1 507.20-4 716.29
梭鱼草 Pontederia cordata	雨久花科 Pontederiaceae	106.01-154.50	20.41-69.34	2 211.82-5 946.43
美人蕉 Canna indica	美人蕉科 Cannaceae	173.83-221.48	21.05-35.09	1 804.08-4 335.44
再力花 Thalia dealbata	竹芋科 Marantaceae	219.02-321.50	26.38-51.86	2 441.09-5 973.84
花叶芦竹 Arundo donax var. versicolor	禾本科 Gramineae	155.24-524.43	11.18-30.29	8 585.94-28 480.73
风车草 Cyperus involucratus	莎草科 Cyperaceae	91.02-209.04	4.92-11.28	2 853.63-5 641.96
蒲苇 Cortaderia selloana	禾本科 Gramineae	112.03-194.52	10.77-17.73	4 340.37-11 965.44

植物 Plant species	科名 Family	株高 Plant height (cm)	基径 Basal diameter (mm)	地上生物量 Aboveground biomass (g∙m^-2)
香蒲 Typha orientalis	香蒲科 Typhaceae	254.62-375.21	25.68-61.92	2 828.30-9 980.83
菰 Zizania latifolia	禾本科 Gramineae	155.57-262.02	3.97-20.73	1 663.23-2 818.16
芦苇 Phragmites australis	禾本科 Gramineae	134.16-399.54	6.13-13.87	2 232.89-3 783.13
水葱 Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani	莎草科 Cyperaceae	95.96-186.03	4.42-11.63	1 099.35-2 679.47
黄菖蒲 Iris pseudacorus	鸢尾科 Iridaceae	55.03-197.62	15.58-41.49	934.42-1 811.25
芒 Miscanthus sinensis	禾本科 Gramineae	137.41-338.04	5.63-18.26	1 507.20-4 716.29
梭鱼草 Pontederia cordata	雨久花科 Pontederiaceae	106.01-154.50	20.41-69.34	2 211.82-5 946.43
美人蕉 Canna indica	美人蕉科 Cannaceae	173.83-221.48	21.05-35.09	1 804.08-4 335.44
再力花 Thalia dealbata	竹芋科 Marantaceae	219.02-321.50	26.38-51.86	2 441.09-5 973.84
花叶芦竹 Arundo donax var. versicolor	禾本科 Gramineae	155.24-524.43	11.18-30.29	8 585.94-28 480.73
风车草 Cyperus involucratus	莎草科 Cyperaceae	91.02-209.04	4.92-11.28	2 853.63-5 641.96
蒲苇 Cortaderia selloana	禾本科 Gramineae	112.03-194.52	10.77-17.73	4 340.37-11 965.44

植物 Plant species	NRE (%)	PRE (%)	植物种 Plant species	NRE (%)	PRE (%)
香蒲 Typha orientalis	46.13 ± 2.87^c	48.03 ± 2.51^abc	梭鱼草 Pontederia cordata	46.63 ± 3.48^bc	52.92 ± 1.96^abc
菰 Zizania latifolia	66.17 ± 2.70^a	46.22 ± 1.73^abc	美人蕉 Canna indica	47.78 ± 2.57^c	50.94 ± 1.66^abc
芦苇 Phragmites australis	57.71 ± 2.18^abc	52.92 ± 1.96^ab	再力花 Thalia dealbata	55.46 ± 2.45^abc	53.21 ± 2.75^ab
水葱 Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani	58.23 ± 5.15^abc	45.78 ± 4.16^abc	花叶芦竹 Arundo donax var. versicolor	64.34 ± 2.93^a	53.59 ± 1.76^abc
黄菖蒲 Iris pseudacorus	61.75 ± 2.94^ab	56.22 ± 3.12^a	风车草 Cyperus involucratus	64.56 ± 2.39^a	42.78 ± 1.37^c
芒 Miscanthus sinensis	61.95 ± 2.60^ab	44.74 ± 1.77^bc	蒲苇 Cortaderia selloana	58.82 ± 2.15^abc	49.02 ± 1.96^abc

植物 Plant species	NRE (%)	PRE (%)	植物种 Plant species	NRE (%)	PRE (%)
香蒲 Typha orientalis	46.13 ± 2.87^c	48.03 ± 2.51^abc	梭鱼草 Pontederia cordata	46.63 ± 3.48^bc	52.92 ± 1.96^abc
菰 Zizania latifolia	66.17 ± 2.70^a	46.22 ± 1.73^abc	美人蕉 Canna indica	47.78 ± 2.57^c	50.94 ± 1.66^abc
芦苇 Phragmites australis	57.71 ± 2.18^abc	52.92 ± 1.96^ab	再力花 Thalia dealbata	55.46 ± 2.45^abc	53.21 ± 2.75^ab
水葱 Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani	58.23 ± 5.15^abc	45.78 ± 4.16^abc	花叶芦竹 Arundo donax var. versicolor	64.34 ± 2.93^a	53.59 ± 1.76^abc
黄菖蒲 Iris pseudacorus	61.75 ± 2.94^ab	56.22 ± 3.12^a	风车草 Cyperus involucratus	64.56 ± 2.39^a	42.78 ± 1.37^c
芒 Miscanthus sinensis	61.95 ± 2.60^ab	44.74 ± 1.77^bc	蒲苇 Cortaderia selloana	58.82 ± 2.15^abc	49.02 ± 1.96^abc

植物 Plant species	Ng:Pg	Ns:Ps	NRE:PRE	Resorbed N:P
香蒲 Typha orientalis	10.00 ± 0.37^cde	10.31 ± 0.46^bcd	1.11 ± 0.10^d	11.36 ± 1.04^cd
菰 Zizania latifolia	14.53 ± 0.81^ab	8.58 ± 0.515^cde	1.54 ± 0.13^a	23.79 ± 2.95^a
芦苇 Phragmites australis	14.81 ± 0.33^a	13.06 ± 0.41^a	1.13 ± 0.04^cd	17.06 ± 0.80^ab
水葱 Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani	10.98 ± 1.41^bcde	7.20 ± 0.74^de	1.55 ± 0.28^abcd	20.85 ± 6.27^abcd
黄菖蒲 Iris pseudacorus	9.79 ± 0.64^cde	8.84 ± 0.71^cde	1.43 ± 0.30^cd	14.17 ± 2.94^bcd
芒 Miscanthus sinensis	8.59 ± 0.50^de	5.96 ± 0.57^e	1.47 ± 0.10^abc	13.03 ± 1.48^bcd
梭鱼草 Pontederia cordata	11.78 ± 0.41^bc	11.12 ± 0.47^abc	1.04 ± 0.06^d	13.29 ± 1.06^bc
美人蕉 Canna indica	7.86 ± 0.44^e	8.35 ± 0.55^de	1.00 ± 0.07^d	8.26 ± 0.83^d
再力花 Thalia dealbata	12.64 ± 0.49^abc	12.08 ± 0.49^ab	1.20 ± 0.10^d	15.17 ± 1.10^abc
花叶芦竹 Arundo donax var. versicolor	11.56 ± 0.65^bcd	8.62 ± 0.66^de	1.22 ± 0.07^abcd	14.50 ± 1.26^abc
风车草 Cyperus involucratus	13.14 ± 1.05^abc	8.74 ± 1.29^de	1.58 ± 0.10^ab	20.45 ± 1.90^ab
蒲苇 Cortaderia selloana	10.68 ± 0.67^cd	8.15 ± 0.46^de	1.30 ± 0.07^abcd	14.85 ± 1.43^abc