ESTIMATION OF SOIL NITROGEN STATUS WITH CANOPY REFLECTANCE SPECTRA IN RICE

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2006.0088

Abstract

Abstract:

Background and Aims Making nitrogen (N) recommendations without knowing the N supply capability of a soil can lead to inefficient use of N and potential pollution of the ground water. Conventional soil test techniques are destructive and time consuming. Remote sensing of canopy reflectance has the capacity of non-destructive and rapid estimating crop N status, and could be potentially used in evaluating soil N supply status.
Methods Thus, rice (Oryza sativa) canopy reflectance spectra and soil available N content (NH⁺₄-N+NO^-₃-N) of different straw and N treatments were measured at key development stages of rice at two sites with different soil types and rice varieties. All possible normalized difference vegetation indices (NDVI) and ratio vegetation indices (RVI) composed by two bands, and some hybrid vegetation indices such as SAVI (soil adjusted vegetation index), TSAVI (transformed soil adjusted vegetation index) were calculated. Then the correlations between these VIs and soil available N were analyzed and the best regression equation was also investigated.
Key Results The correlations of soil available N content and canopy reflectance were negative at visible band, while positive at near infrared bands during the whole growing cycle. NDVI and RVI were well correlated with soil available N content, with the best stage of tillering and the best indices of the combination of 870, 1 220 nm and 560, 710 nm. Relationship between soil available N content and the best vegetation indices screened at tillering stage were influenced by soil background. While TSAVI was proved to be the best choice for removing the effect of soil background, and the relationship was consistent at two sites, with the best regression equation in exponential form. TSAVI calculated with the best band combinations screened in this study can improve the relationship, especially for the TSAVI calculated with 870 and 710 nm, with the decision coefficient (R²) increased from 0.46 to 0.60. At the heading and filling stage, the ratios of vegetation index and new SAVI calculated by 1 220 and 760 nm were well related to soil available N content independent of sites.
Conclusions Our observations suggest that evaluating soil N status at rice growing stage of with canopy reflectance spectra is feasible, but more research still need to be conducted to test and improve the soil N prediction model.

Key words: Canopy reflectance spectra, Soil available nitrogen content, Vegetation indices, Rice

XUE Li-Hong, LU Ping, YANG Lin-Zhang, SHAN Yu-Hua, FAN Xiao-Hui, HAN Yong. ESTIMATION OF SOIL NITROGEN STATUS WITH CANOPY REFLECTANCE SPECTRA IN RICE[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2006, 30(4): 675-681.

Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2006.0088

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2006/V30/I4/675

Figures/Tables 8

Table 1 The center wavelength and band width of MSR-16 Multi-spectral radiometer

波段 Band (nm)	460	510	560	610	660	680	710	760	810	870	950	1 100	1 220	1 480	1 500	1 650
中心波长 Center wave- length	460.4	511.4	560.9	610.7	661.7	682.0	711.4	761.2	812.6	871.6	951.2	1 099.5	1 222.8	1 480.2	1 500.2	1 669.0
带宽 Band width	8.3	8.8	8.7	9.7	9.4	11.7	12.4	9.9	11.2	12.6	10.6	16.3	11.5	13.1	15.3	195.0

Fig.1 Canopy spectral reflectance of rice under different N levels

Fig.2 Soil available N content under different N levels at different developing stage

Fig.3 Correlation coefficient (r) of soil available N content to canopy reflectance at different developing stage

Fig.4 Correlation coefficient (r) of all combinations of wavelengths to soil available N content The right triangle means the normalized differences vegetation index, the below triangle below the diagonal means the ratio vegetation index

Table 2 Best vegetation indices for evaluating soil available N content at different development stage of rice

生育期 Developing stage	宜兴 Yixing	常熟 Changshu
分蘖期Tillering	$\frac{760,810,870,950,1100,1220}{710,560,610} \quad \frac{610}{460}$	$ \frac{810,870,1220,1500}{460,510,560,710}$
拔节期Jointing	$\frac{1500,1650}{460} \quad \frac{950 \sim 1650}{510,560}, \frac{1480,1500}{660,680}$	-
抽穗期Heading	$\begin{array}{c}\frac{760,810,870,950,1220}{680} \frac{680}{460,510,560} \\\frac{1220}{760}\end{array}$	$\begin{array}{c}\frac{760,810,870,950,1100,1220}{460,510,560,610,660,680} \\\frac{1480,1500,1650}{560,610,680} \quad \frac{1220}{760}\end{array}$
灌浆期Filling	$810,870,950,1100,1220 760$ $560 460,510$	$ \frac{810,870,1220}{760} \quad \frac{1220}{710,810,870}$

Table 2 Best vegetation indices for evaluating soil available N content at different development stage of rice

生育期 Developing stage	宜兴 Yixing	常熟 Changshu
分蘖期Tillering	$\frac{760,810,870,950,1100,1220}{710,560,610} \quad \frac{610}{460}$	$ \frac{810,870,1220,1500}{460,510,560,710}$
拔节期Jointing	$\frac{1500,1650}{460} \quad \frac{950 \sim 1650}{510,560}, \frac{1480,1500}{660,680}$	-
抽穗期Heading	$\begin{array}{c}\frac{760,810,870,950,1220}{680} \frac{680}{460,510,560} \\\frac{1220}{760}\end{array}$	$\begin{array}{c}\frac{760,810,870,950,1100,1220}{460,510,560,610,660,680} \\\frac{1480,1500,1650}{560,610,680} \quad \frac{1220}{760}\end{array}$
灌浆期Filling	$810,870,950,1100,1220 760$ $560 460,510$	$ \frac{810,870,1220}{760} \quad \frac{1220}{710,810,870}$

Fig.5 Relationships of soil available content to ratio vegetation index of 1 220 and 760 nm, and SAVI calculated by 1 220 and 760 nm at heading stage and filling stage

Fig.6 Relationships of soil available content to ratio vegetation index of 870 and 710 nm, TSAVI and TSAVI calculated by 870 and 710 nm at two different sites at tillering stage

References 12

[1]	Chris TL, David RS, Michael SC, Melinda JA, Brain W, Milton CW (2003). Utility of remote sensing in predicting crop and soil characteristics. Precision Agriculture, 4, 359-384.
[2]	Diker K, Bausch WC (2003). Radiometric field measurements of maize for estimating soil and plant nitrogen. Biosystems Engineering, 86, 411-420.
[3]	Galvao LS, Pizarro MA, Epiphanio JCN (2001). Variations in reflectance of tropical soils: spectral-chemical composition relationships from AVIRIS data. Remote Sensensing of Environment, 75, 245-255.
[4]	Huang YF( 黄应丰), Liu TH( 刘腾辉) (1995). Spectral characteristics of main types of soils in Southern China and soil classification. Aata Pedologica Sinica(土壤学报), 32, 58-68. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]	Li MZ (2003). Evaluating soil parameters with visible spectroscopy. Transactions of the CSAE(农业工程学报), 19, 36-41.
[6]	Li MZ, Sasao A, Shibusawa S (2000). Soil parameters estimation with NIR spectroscopy. Journal of the Japanese Society of Agricultural Machinery, 62, 111-120. (in Japanese with English abstract)
[7]	Muller E, Decamps H (2000). Modeling soil moisture reflectance. Remote Sensing of Environment, 76, 173-180. DOI URL
[8]	Sha JM( 沙晋明), Chen PC( 陈鹏程), Chen SL( 陈松林) (2003). Charateristics analysis of soil spectrum response resulted from organic material. Research of Soil and Water Conservation (水土保持研究), 10, 103-107. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]	Wang XZ( 王秀珍), Wang RC( 王人潮), Huang JF( 黄敬峰) (2002). Derivative spectrum remote sensing and its application in measurement of rice agronomic parameter. Transactions of the CSAE (农业工程学报), 18, 9-13. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]	Xue LH( 薛利红), Cao WX( 曹卫星), Luo WH( 罗卫红), Jiang D( 姜东), Meng YL( 孟亚丽), Zhu Y( 朱艳) (2003). Diagnosis of nitrogen status in rice leaves with the canopy spectral reflectance. Scientia Agricultura Sinica(中国农业科学), 36, 808-812. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]	Xue LH( 薛利红), Cao WX( 曹卫星), Luo WH( 罗卫红), Wang SH( 王绍华)(2004). Relationship between spectral vegetation indices and LAI in rice. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica(植物生态学报), 28, 47-52. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]	Xue LH, Cao WX, Luo WH, Dai TB, Zhu Y (2004). Monitoring leaf nitrogen status in rice with canopy spectral reflectance. Agronomy Journal, 96, 135-142.

[1]	ZHANG Feng, ZHOU Guang-Sheng. Estimating canopy photosynthetic parameters in maize field based on multi-spectral remote sensing [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2014, 38(7): 710-719.
[2]	SAYRAN• Waley,LI Bing-Bai,ZHANG Jia-Hua,YANG Shen-Bin. Application of a rice simulation model in high temperature sensitivity study [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2014, 38(5): 515-528.
[3]	ZOU Yuan-Yuan, LIU Lin, LIU Yang, ZHAO Liang, DENG Qi-Yun, WU Jun, ZHUANG Wen, SONG Wei. Diversity of indigenous bacterial communities in Oryza sativa seeds of different varieties [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2012, 36(8): 880-890.
[4]	WEI Ming,LIAO Xue-Qun,LI Dong-Xia,DUAN Hai-Long. Comparison of tillering productivity among nodes along the mian stem of rice [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2012, 36(4): 324-332.
[5]	GU Dong-Xiang, TANG Liang, XU Qi-Jun, LEI Xiao-Jun, CAO Wei-Xing, ZHU Yan. Root growth and distribution in rice cultivars as affected by nitrogen and water supply [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2011, 35(5): 558-566.
[6]	CHEN Jie, TANG Liang, LIU Xiao-Jun, CAO Wei-Xing, ZHU Yan. Modeling rice grain starch accumulation based on plant carbon flow [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2011, 35(4): 431-440.
[7]	WANG Wei, CAI Yi-Xia, YANG Jian-Chang, ZHU Qing-Sen. Effects of soil water deficit on physiological causes of rice grain-filling [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2011, 35(2): 195-202.
[8]	ZHANG Yu-Sen, YAO Xia, TIAN Yong-Chao, CAO Wei-Xing, ZHU Yan. Estimating leaf nitrogen content with near infrared reflectance spectroscopy in rice [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2010, 34(6): 704-712.
[9]	ZHANG Wei-Wei, ZHENG Fei-Xiang, WANG Xiao-Ke, FENG Zhao-Zhong, OUYANG Zhi-Yun. EFFECTS OF OZONE ON ROOT ACTIVITY, SOLUBLE PROTEIN CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEM IN ORYZA SATIVA ROOTS [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2009, 33(3): 425-432.
[10]	CAI Kun-Zheng, WU Xue-Zhu, LUO Shi-Ming. EFFECTS OF WATER STRESS ON OSMOLYTES AT DIFFERENT GROWTH STAGES IN RICE LEAVES AND ROOTS [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2008, 32(2): 491-500.
[11]	CHEN Hui-Zhe, Natalia Ladatko, ZHU De-Feng, LIN Xian-Qing, ZHANG Yu-Ping, SUN Zong-Xiu. ABSORPTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF Na⁺ AND K⁺ IN RICE SEEDLING UNDER SALT STRESS [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2007, 31(5): 937-945.
[12]	ZHU Yan, YAO Xia, TIAN Yong-Chao, ZHOU Dong-Qin, LI Ying-Xue, CAO Wei-Xing. QUANTITATIVE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEAF NITROGEN ACCUMULATION AND CANOPY REFLECTANCE SPECTRA IN RICE AND WHEAT [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2006, 30(6): 983-990.
[13]	HU Song-Ping, MEI Han-Wei, ZOU Gui-Hua, LIU Hong-Yan, LIU Guo-Lan, CAI Run, LI Ming-Shou, LUO Li-Jun. ANALYSIS OF QUNATITATIVE TRAIT LOCI FOR CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT IN RICE LEAVES UNDER DROUGHT STRESS [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2006, 30(3): 479-486.
[14]	HAN Guang-Xuan, ZHU Bo, JIANG Chang-Sheng. SOIL RESPIRATION AND ITS CONTROLLING FACTORS IN RICE FIELDS IN THE HILL REGION OF THE CENTRAL SICHUAN BASIN [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2006, 30(3): 450-456.
[15]	TIAN Yong_Chao, ZHU Yan, YAO Xia, ZHOU Chang_Jun, CAO Wei_Xing. QUANTITATIVE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN CANOPY SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE AND LEAF STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE IN RICE [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2006, 30(2): 261-267.